scholarly journals Revisiting the Involvement of SELF-PRUNING in the Sympodial Growth of Tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Thouet ◽  
Muriel Quinet ◽  
Sandra Ormenese ◽  
Jean-Marie Kinet ◽  
Claire Périlleux
Keyword(s):  
Sympodial Growth

Effects of CO2 in interaction with temperature and soil fertility on the foliar phenology of alder, birch, and maple seedlings

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Koike
Keyword(s):  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Alnus Hirsuta ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Acer Mono ◽  
Foliar Phenology

The foliar phenology of potted 1-year-old seedlings of alder (Alnus hirsuta Turcz.), maple (Acer mono Maxim.), and birch (Betula platyphylla Sukatch. var. japonica Hara) was observed from May to September in eight growth environments: factorial combinations of temperatures (light:dark, 30:20 °C and 26:16 °C), CO2 level (70 and 36 Pa), and nutrient regime (high versus low levels of fertilization). Seedlings grown at high fertility always had more leaves, and under high CO2, shed leaves slightly later than seedlings grown at low fertility. Except for maple, production of newly formed shoots and leaves was accelerated by high CO2. In maple, high CO2 only increased the number of flushes of the leader shoot. Alder and birch accelerated sylleptic shoot and leaf production at high CO2 in fertile conditions. The production of new leaves by alder grown at high CO2 and low fertility was almost the same as that grown under normal CO2, at high fertility. At high CO2, the timing of winter bud formation of monopodial alder and maple was delayed, while that of sympodial birch was almost the same as at ambient CO2. Key words: foliar phenology, elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature, monopodial versus sympodial growth, nutrient levels, winter bud formation, global change.

Fonctionnement sympodial continu et multiplication végétative chez l’Arum italicum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nougarède ◽  
P. Rondet
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Asexual Multiplication ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Bulbous Plant ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Arum Italicum

The vegetative and floral development of Arum italicum Mill. displays no resting period under western European climatic conditions. Between two flowering seasons several sympodial units ending with an inflorescence are successively built. The meristem of each new unit is generally initiated in the axil of a sagittate leaf of the preceding unit but it can also grow in a nonaxillary position at the base of the meristem. The leaves of the first unit spend the winter season above the ground. Their petiole sheaths surround all the later sympodial units. On each sympodial unit a number of axillary buds give rise to tunicated bulbils which provide for the asexual multiplication of the species. The ontogeny of the bulbils on the mother plant and their behaviour after they become autonomous are described, as well as those of young plantlets grown from seed germination. In rhizomes, bulbils, and plantlets the shoot apex is in close contact with a subapical region (base plate) built from interlocked leaf or scale bases which are rich in storage products. This base plate will give rise to a new rhizome. Although Arum italicum has a tuberous rhizome with sympodial growth, it has nevertheless some characters of a bulbous plant (base plate and bulbils) but it differs from it by continuous growth and development and the lack of dormancy of the bulbils.

New terminology for sympodial growth in the Ceramiales (Rhodophyta)

Phycologia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Norris ◽  
Elise M. Wollaston ◽  
Murray J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Sympodial Growth

The Occurrence and Nature of Lignotubers in Notelaea longifolia and Elaeocarpus reticulatus

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Lacey ◽  
R Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Bordered Pits ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Sympodial Growth

A newly discovered form of lignotuber is described for Notelaea longifolia and Elaeocarpus reticulatus. The populations were studied in a Eucalyptus open-forest subject to fires but both species also occur in rainforest communities. The lignotubers start as two swellings at the cotyledonary node and occasionally at several succeeding nodes. Usually only one swelling develops and forms an elongated, unbranched and positively geotropic lignotuber. .Adventitious roots are developed by the seedling lignotuber and these replace the primary root system at an early age. Downward growth of the lignotuber is initiated by expanding buds, one of which becomes apical. The lignotuber exhibits sympodial growth. Elongation of the lignotuber is due to increased cambial activity at the lignotuber apex. The xylem proximal to the apical bud consists of a core of parenchyma cells forming uniseriate or multiseriate rays and of irregularly arranged vessels. Fibres are lacking. As secondary thickening of the lignotuber proceeds, the cambium produces ray parenchyma and files of vessels alternating with fibres. The xylem of Notelaea lignotubers does not have an easily discernible sapwood-heartwood zonation. Both old and young parenchyma cells store starch, although their cell walls have bordered pits and are apparently lignified. The relationship between the age of parenchyma cells and the functions of starch storage, mobilization and replacement is unknown. The lignotubers of Notelaea and Elaeocarpus differ from Eucalyptus lignotubers in that they: (1) usually develop from only one of the paired swellings of a cotyledonary node; (2) do not fuse with the stem or root; (3) produce adventitious roots that replace the primary root at an early age; (4) grow sympodially; and (5) have an elongated form due to the greater activity of the cambium at the lignotuber apex than at the flanks.

Ontogeny of Dianthus andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulcz. in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Ural

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
L. Kh. Uzyanbaeva ◽  
A. A. Reut
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The South ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sympodial Growth

The article is devoted to the results of the introduction study of Dianthus andrzejowskianus (Zapal.) Kulcz. on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS. Data on the ontogenesis of this species are provided. Three age periods (latent, pregenerative and generative) and 6 ontogenetic states (seedlings, juvenile, immature, virginal, young and middle-aged generative states) are described. Indicator signs of age-related conditions are: for seedlings - the presence of a thin germ root, two oval-shaped cotyledons; for juvenile individuals - the appearance of the first true leaves; for immature individuals - the transition of plants to sympodial growth and the growth of the root system. In the virginal state, the vegetative sphere increases, the plant acquires the features of adults. Young generative plants have few reproductive shoots. The middle-aged generative state is characterized by the most powerfully developed vegetative and reproductive spheres.

GROWTH-FORM AND INTRASPECIFIC TAXONOMY IN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN DAPHNE (THYMELAEACEAE)

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Nieto Feliner
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Intraspecific Taxonomy ◽  
Sympodial Growth

Two architectural patterns can be distinguished among western Mediterranean species of Daphne. Sympodial growth is displayed by D. cneorum, D. oleoides, D. alpina, D. rodriguezii, D. gnidium, and D. mauritanica, while monopodial growth occurs in D. laureola and D. mezereum. Based primarily on specific features related to growth-form, the taxonomic value of several intraspecific taxa frequently recognized within D. laureola and D. oleoides is assessed. The name D. philippi, largely applied to plants from high altitudes in the Pyrenees, is likely to represent a female plant from a gynodioecious population of D. laureola. With the support of a morphometric multivariate analysis, recognition of D. laureola subsp. latifolia from Southern Spain and Northern Africa is also questioned. It is concluded that characters previously proposed as diagnostic for intraspecific taxa within D. Iaureola and D. oleoides are the result of different duration of the growing season. In the absence of sound evidence, the taxonomic value of all the intraspecific names applied to western Mediterranean plants is questioned. Synonymy of the taxa involved is provided.

Taxonomy and conservation of the Brazilian extra-Amazonian species of Philodendron subg. Pteromischum (Araceae) 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Ferreira Barbosa ◽  
Cassia Monica Sakuragui
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Sympodial Growth

Philodendron subg. Pteromischum is one of the three Philodendron subgenera and most diverse within Amazonia. It can be recognised by anisophyllous sympodial growth, long sheaths, short petiole, gynoecia with broad shallow compitum, and numerous ovules per locule. The taxonomic revision for Brazilian extra-Amazonian species was based on the analysis of 590 herbaria specimens. Nine Brazilian extra-Amazonian Pteromischum species were recognized, five names previously recognised for the studied area were treated as synonyms. All the species were described and mapped. An identification key and comments on taxonomy, nomenclature, conservation, phenology were provided for each species. The concepts of leaf-sheath and petiole are also clarified.

scholarly journals Growth, fructification and plastochron index of different branches in the crown of the husk tomato (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Brito ◽  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽  
Victor M. Orduna ◽  
Francisco C. Escobar ◽  
Luis M. Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Plant Produce ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Plastochron Index ◽  
Husk Tomato

The husk tomato (<em>Physalis ixocarpa</em> Brot.) is commonly cultivated in Central Mexico for its fruits. The plants of cv. 'Rendidora' show sympodial growth after forming 3-5 internodes in the main axis. From there on, each internode is terminated with a node having one flower bud, one leaf and 2 branches (dichasium type of branching). With the exclusion of the first 3 bifurcations which initiate 4 equal apparent main branches of the plant, each subsequent bifurcation has unequal ramifications: a stronger one which prolongs the apparent main branch, and a weaker one which serves as the origin of an apparent lateral branch. The apparent lateral branches form smaller internodes but these internodes require more time for their growth which is the reason that the plastochron lasts longer in the apparent lateral branches. By forming a smaller number of internodes in the same period of time, the apparent lateral branches reach a lower value of the plastochron index. All apparent lateral branches of a plant produce a greater total number of fruits, but a large proportion of them abscise. Due to this, the harvested fruits come principally from the apparent main branches. The phenology of the husk tomato plant is described. Its short period of development makes possible its cultivation in regions with a limited vegetative period.

scholarly journals A Sister of PIN1 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) defines organ initiation patterns by maintaining epidermal auxin flux

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciera Martinez ◽  
Daniel Koenig ◽  
Daniel H Chitwood ◽  
Neelima Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Auxin Flux ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Sympodial Growth ◽  
Spatiotemporal Localization

The spatiotemporal localization of the plant hormone auxin acts as a positional cue during early leaf and flower organogenesis. One of the main contributors to auxin localization is the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that PIN1 genes are split into two sister clades; PIN1 and the relatively uncharacterized Sister-Of-PIN1 (SoPIN1). In this paper we identify entire-2 as a loss-of-function SlSoPIN1a (Solyc10g078370) mutant in Solanum lycopersicum. The entire-2 plants are unable to specify proper leaf initiation leading to a frequent switch from the wild type spiral phyllotactic pattern to distichous and decussate patterns. Leaves in entire-2 are large and less complex and the leaflets display spatial deformities in lamina expansion, vascular development, and margin specification. During sympodial growth in entire-2 the specification of organ position and identity is greatly affected resulting in variable branching patterns on the main sympodial and inflorescence axes. To understand how SlSoPIN1a functions in establishing proper auxin maxima we used the auxin signaling reporter DR5::Venus to visualize differences in auxin localization between entire-2 and wild type. DR5::Venus visualization shows a widening of auxin localization which spreads to subepidermal tissue layers during early leaf and flower organogenesis, showing that SoPIN1 functions to focus auxin signaling to the epidermal layer. The striking spatial deformities observed in entire-2 help provide a mechanistic framework for explaining the function of the SoPIN1 clade in angiosperm species.

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