scholarly journals Dynamics of one- and two-dimensional fronts in a bistable equation with time-delayed global feedback: Propagation failure and control mechanisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Boubendir ◽  
Vicenç Méndez ◽  
Horacio G. Rotstein
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Propagation Failure ◽  
Bistable Equation ◽  
And Control

Sea Disposal of Sludge – The U.K. Experience

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Fish
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
And Control

A broad summary is made of the U.K. experience in sea-disposal of sewage sludge, embracing operations and effects, and control mechanisms, at disposal authority, national and international levels. The conclusion is reached that U.K. practice, while not perfect and in need of more research, is satisfactory and could be extended without causing environmental damage.

scholarly journals Probing the Interactions of Porphyrins with Macromolecules Using NMR Spectroscopy Techniques

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1942
Author(s):  
Ilche Gjuroski ◽  
Julien Furrer ◽  
Martina Vermathen
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Porphyrinic compounds are widespread in nature and play key roles in biological processes such as oxygen transport in blood, enzymatic redox reactions or photosynthesis. In addition, both naturally derived as well as synthetic porphyrinic compounds are extensively explored for biomedical and technical applications such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photovoltaic systems, respectively. Their unique electronic structures and photophysical properties make this class of compounds so interesting for the multiple functions encountered. It is therefore not surprising that optical methods are typically the prevalent analytical tool applied in characterization and processes involving porphyrinic compounds. However, a wealth of complementary information can be obtained from NMR spectroscopic techniques. Based on the advantage of providing structural and dynamic information with atomic resolution simultaneously, NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying molecular interactions between porphyrinic compounds and macromolecules. Such interactions are of special interest in medical applications of porphyrinic photosensitizers that are mostly combined with macromolecular carrier systems. The macromolecular surrounding typically stabilizes the encapsulated drug and may also modify its physical properties. Moreover, the interaction with macromolecular physiological components needs to be explored to understand and control mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on such non-covalent interactions of porphyrinic drugs with synthetic polymers as well as with biomolecules such as phospholipids or proteins. A brief introduction into various NMR spectroscopic techniques is given including chemical shift perturbation methods, NOE enhancement spectroscopy, relaxation time measurements and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. How these NMR tools are used to address porphyrin–macromolecule interactions with respect to their function in biomedical applications is the central point of the current review.

Comparative studies of the set up of two-dimensional pneumatic arm systems by muscle and rotational actuators

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y-T Wang ◽  
R-H Wong ◽  
J-T Lu
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Pneumatic Control ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
System Characteristics

As opposed to traditional pneumatic linear actuators, muscle and rotational actuators are newly developed actuators in rotational and specified applications. In the current paper, these actuators are used to set up two-dimensional pneumatic arms, which are used mainly to simulate the excavator's motion. Fuzzy control algorithms are typically applied in pneumatic control systems owing to their non-linearities and ill-defined mathematical model. The self-organizing fuzzy controller, which includes a self-learning mechanism to modify fuzzy rules, is applied in these two-dimensional pneumatic arm control systems. Via a variety of trajectory tracking experiments, the present paper provides comparisons of system characteristics and control performances.

Generation and Control of Terahertz Spin Currents in Topology‐induced Two‐dimensional Ferromagnetic Fe 3 GeTe 2 |Bi 2 Te 3 Heterostructures

2021 ◽  
pp. 2106172
Author(s):  
Xinhou Chen ◽  
Hangtian Wang ◽  
Haijiang Liu ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
Gaoshuai Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spin Currents ◽  
And Control

On Some Issues of Legal Regulation of the Pharmaceutical Retail Market: the Concept of “Pharmacy Chains”, Special Antitrust Laws and Control Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
A. N. Varlamova
Keyword(s):  
Product Market ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
And Control

Competition in the pharmaceutical market is a necessary factor providing an opportunity for citizens to purchase quality goods at affordable prices. Regulation of competitive relations in the market in question can and should have its own characteristics. Opposing monopolization of the retail market by pharmacy chains, setting “reasonable” prices, providing preferential treatment for Russian manufacturers in the promotion of goods are the issues that the legislator should pay attention to when improving regulation of this industry product market.

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