scholarly journals Relationship between the Einstein-Laub electromagnetic force and the Lorentz force on free charge

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Free Charge

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of an unusual induction effect and its interpretation as a necessary consequence of Weber electrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Test Charge

The magnetic force acts exclusively perpendicular to the direction of motion of a test charge, whereas the electric force does not depend on the velocity of the charge. This article provides experimental evidence that, in addition to these two forces, there is a third electromagnetic force that (i) is proportional to the velocity of the test charge and (ii) acts parallel to the direction of motion rather than perpendicular. This force cannot be explained by the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force, since it is mathematically incompatible with this framework. However, this force is compatible with Weber electrodynamics and Ampère's original force law, as this older form of electrodynamics not only predicts the existence of such a force but also makes it possible to accurately calculate the strength of this force.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of an unusual induction effect and its interpretation as a necessary consequence of Weber electrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Test Charge

The magnetic force acts exclusively perpendicular to the direction of motion of a test charge, whereas the electric force does not depend on the velocity of the charge. This article provides experimental evidence that, in addition to these two forces, there is a third electromagnetic force that (i) is proportional to the velocity of the test charge and (ii) acts parallel to the direction of motion rather than perpendicular. This force cannot be explained by the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force, since it is mathematically incompatible with this framework. However, this force is compatible with Weber electrodynamics and Ampère's original force law, as this older form of electrodynamics not only predicts the existence of such a force but also makes it possible to accurately calculate the strength of this force.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of an unusual induction effect and its interpretation as a necessary consequence of Weber electrodynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Steffen Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Magnetic Component ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Test Charge ◽  
Electric Component ◽  
Experimental Indication

Abstract The magnetic component of the Lorentz force acts exclusively perpendicular to the direction of motion of a test charge, whereas the electric component does not depend on the velocity of the charge. This article provides experimental indication that, in addition to these two forces, there is a third electromagnetic force that (i) is proportional to the velocity of the test charge and (ii) acts parallel to the direction of motion rather than perpendicular. This force cannot be explained by the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force, since it is mathematically incompatible with this framework. However, this force is compatible with Weber electrodynamics and Ampère’s original force law, as this older form of electrodynamics not only predicts the existence of such a force but also makes it possible to accurately calculate the strength of this force.

scholarly journals Macroscopic electromagnetic stress tensor for ionized media

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Stress Tensor ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
External Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Conservation Equations ◽  
Current Densities

AbstractFollowing the arguments presented by Mansuripur [Opt. Express, vol. 16, 2008, pp. 14821–14835], we suggest a form for the macroscopic electromagnetic stress tensor appropriate for ionized media. The generalized Lorentz force includes the effects of polarization forces as well as those on the free charge and current densities. The resulting tensor is written in terms of the fields D, B, E, and H. Its expression for a fully ionized medium subject to an external electromagnetic field is discussed, as are the plasma conservation equations. An apparatus is suggested for its experimental discrimination.

scholarly journals A Novel 2-DOF Lorentz Force Actuator for the Modular Magnetic Suspension Platform

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Xingke Mu ◽  
Wenqiao Zhang ◽  
Lingtong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Air Gap Magnetic Field

The modular magnetic suspension platform depends on multi degree of freedom of Lorentz force actuators for large bearing capacity, high precision positioning and structure miniaturization. To achieve the integration of vertical driving force and horizontal driving force, a novel 2- (two degrees-of-freedom) DOF Lorentz force actuator is developed by designing the pose of the windings and permanent magnets (PMs). The structure and the working principle are introduced. The electromagnetic force mathematical model is established by the equivalent magnetic circuit method to analyze the coupling of magnetic flux. The distribution characteristics of magnetic flux density are analyzed by the finite-element method (FEM). It is found that the coupling of the magnetic flux and the large magnetic field gradient severely reduce the uniformity of the air-gap magnetic field. The electromagnetic force characteristic is investigated by FEM and measurement experiments. The difference between FEM and experiment results is within 10%. The reasons of driving force fluctuation are explained based on the distribution of air-gap magnetic field. The actuator performance are compared under the sliding mode control algorithm and PID control algorithm and the positioning accuracy is 20 μm and 15 μm respectively. Compared with the similar configuration, the motion range and force coefficient of the Lorentz force actuator in this paper are larger. It has a certain guiding significance on the structure design of the multi degree of freed Lorentz force actuator.

Numerical Studies on Behavior of Lorentz-Force-Applied Boundary Layer in Supersonic Flow

2009 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-839
Author(s):  
Keisuke Udagawa ◽  
Sadatake Tomioka ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Numerical Studies

Laser Engineering of Barrier Structures Based on Solid Solution ZnCdHgTe.

2002 ◽  
Vol 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Khlyap
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Barrier Structure ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Capacitance Voltage ◽  
Laser Engineering ◽  
Charged Defects ◽  
Epilayer Surface

AbstractRoom-temperature electric investigations carried out in CO2-laser irradiated ZnCdHgTe epifilms revealed current-voltage and capacitance-voltage dependencies typical for the metal-semiconductor barrier structure. The epilayer surface studies had demonstrated that the cell-like relief has replaced the initial tessellated structure observed on the as-grown samples. The detailed numerical analysis of the experimental measurements and morphological investigations of the film surface showed that the boundaries of the cells formed under the laser irradiation are appeared as the regions of accumulation of derived charged defects of different type of conductivity supplying free charge carriers under the applied electric field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document