scholarly journals Different phases of long-term memory require distinct temporal patterns of PKA activity after single-trial classical conditioning

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michel ◽  
I. Kemenes ◽  
U. Muller ◽  
G. Kemenes
Keyword(s):  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals A CREB2-targeting microRNA is required for long-term memory after single-trial learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Korneev ◽  
Dimitris V. Vavoulis ◽  
Souvik Naskar ◽  
Varvara E. Dyakonova ◽  
Ildikó Kemenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Term Memory

Caenorhabditis elegans Learning and Memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S.H. Wong ◽  
Catharine H. Rankin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Context Conditioning ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
C Elegans

The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), is an organism useful for the study of learning and memory at the molecular, cellular, neural circuitry, and behavioral levels. Its genetic tractability, transparency, connectome, and accessibility for in vivo cellular and molecular analyses are a few of the characteristics that make the organism such a powerful system for investigating mechanisms of learning and memory. It is able to learn and remember across many sensory modalities, including mechanosensation, chemosensation, thermosensation, oxygen sensing, and carbon dioxide sensing. C. elegans habituates to mechanosensory stimuli, and shows short-, intermediate-, and long-term memory, and context conditioning for mechanosensory habituation. The organism also displays chemotaxis to various chemicals, such as diacetyl and sodium chloride. This behavior is associated with several forms of learning, including state-dependent learning, classical conditioning, and aversive learning. C. elegans also shows thermotactic learning in which it learns to associate a particular temperature with the presence or absence of food. In addition, both oxygen preference and carbon dioxide avoidance in C. elegans can be altered by experience, indicating that they have memory for the oxygen or carbon dioxide environment they were reared in. Many of the genes found to underlie learning and memory in C. elegans are homologous to genes involved in learning and memory in mammals; two examples are crh-1, which is the C. elegans homolog of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and glr-1, which encodes an AMPA glutamate receptor subunit. Both of these genes are involved in long-term memory for tap habituation, context conditioning in tap habituation, and chemosensory classical conditioning. C. elegans offers the advantage of having a very small nervous system (302 neurons), thus it is possible to understand what these conserved genes are doing at the level of single identified neurons. As many mechanisms of learning and memory in C. elegans appear to be similar in more complex organisms including humans, research with C. elegans aids our ever-growing understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of learning and memory across the animal kingdom.

scholarly journals Long-term memory is formed immediately without the need for protein synthesis-dependent consolidation in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohan Zhao ◽  
Jiameng Sun ◽  
Xuchen Zhang ◽  
Han Mo ◽  
Yijun Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Term Memory

Abstract It is believed that long-term memory (LTM) cannot be formed immediately because it must go through a protein synthesis-dependent consolidation process. However, the current study uses Drosophila aversive olfactory conditioning to show that such processes are dispensable for context-dependent LTM (cLTM). Single-trial conditioning yields cLTM that is formed immediately in a protein-synthesis independent manner and is sustained over 14 days without decay. Unlike retrieval of traditional LTM, which requires only the conditioned odour and is mediated by mushroom-body neurons, cLTM recall requires both the conditioned odour and reinstatement of the training-environmental context. It is mediated through lateral-horn neurons that connect to multiple sensory brain regions. The cLTM cannot be retrieved if synaptic transmission from any one of these centres is blocked, with effects similar to those of altered encoding context during retrieval. The present study provides strong evidence that long-term memory can be formed easily without the need for consolidation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document