scholarly journals Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Saffioti Rezende ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rafa Pires da Silva ◽  
Vinicius Eira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Muscle Carnosine ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Emax Model

ABSTRACTBeta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn), and is ergogenic in many situations. Currently, many questions on the nature of the Mcarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and applications of this supplementation strategy.ObjectiveTo conduct a Bayesian analysis of available data on the Mcarn response to BA supplementation.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis of individual and published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model was conducted. The protocol was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. A three-step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the Mcarn response to BA supplementation. In addition, individual data from 5 separate studies conducted in the authors’ laboratory were analysed. Data were extracted from all controlled and uncontrolled supplementation studies conducted on healthy humans. Meta-regression was used to consider the influence of potential moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline Mcarn and analysis method used) on the primary outcome.Results and ConclusionThe Emax model indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non-linear Mcarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appear to influence subsequent response to supplementation. Analysis of individual data indicated that Mcarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2 – 100]).

scholarly journals The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália Saffioti Rezende ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽  
Rafael Pires da Silva ◽  
Vinicius da Eira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Muscle Carnosine ◽  
Beta Alanine

scholarly journals Individual Data Meta-analysis Provides No Evidence Of Individual Response Variation For Individuals Supplementing With Beta-alanine

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 282-282
Author(s):  
Gabriel Perri Esteves ◽  
Paul Swinton ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
Ruth James ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Response Variation

scholarly journals Insulin does not stimulate β-alanine transport into human skeletal muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. C777-C786
Author(s):  
Lívia de Souza Gonçalves ◽  
Caroline Kratz ◽  
Lívia Santos ◽  
Victor Henrique Carvalho ◽  
Lucas Peixoto Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Carnosine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Alanine Transport ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Infusion Protocol

To test whether high circulating insulin concentrations influence the transport of β-alanine into skeletal muscle at either saturating or subsaturating β-alanine concentrations, we conducted two experiments whereby β-alanine and insulin concentrations were controlled. In experiment 1, 12 men received supraphysiological amounts of β-alanine intravenously (0.11 g·kg−1·min−1 for 150 min), with or without insulin infusion. β-Alanine and carnosine were measured in muscle before and 30 min after infusion. Blood samples were taken throughout the infusion protocol for plasma insulin and β-alanine analyses. β-Alanine content in 24-h urine was assessed. In experiment 2, six men ingested typical doses of β-alanine (10 mg/kg) before insulin infusion or no infusion. β-Alanine was assessed in muscle before and 120 min following ingestion. In experiment 1, no differences between conditions were shown for plasma β-alanine, muscle β-alanine, muscle carnosine and urinary β-alanine concentrations (all P > 0.05). In experiment 2, no differences between conditions were shown for plasma β-alanine or muscle β-alanine concentrations (all P > 0.05). Hyperinsulinemia did not increase β-alanine uptake by skeletal muscle cells, neither when substrate concentrations exceed the Vmax of β-alanine transporter TauT nor when it was below saturation. These results suggest that increasing insulin concentration is not necessary to maximize β-alanine transport into muscle following β-alanine intake.

scholarly journals β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E Bear ◽  
Anne Langan ◽  
Eirini Dimidi ◽  
Liesl Wandrag ◽  
Stephen D R Harridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Background Loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle weakness are common in a variety of clinical conditions with both wasting and weakness associated with an impairment of physical function. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a nutrition supplement that has been shown to favorably influence muscle protein turnover and thus potentially plays a role in ameliorating skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in a variety of clinical conditions characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting outcomes of muscle mass, strength, and physical function was performed. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. Outcome data were synthesized through meta-analysis with the use of a random-effects model and data presented as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included, involving 2137 patients. Meta-analysis revealed some evidence to support the effect of HMB alone, or supplements containing HMB, on increasing skeletal muscle mass (SMD = 0.25; 95% CI: –0.00, 0.50; z = 1.93; P = 0.05; I2 = 58%) and strong evidence to support improving muscle strength (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.50; z = 3.25; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). Effect sizes were small. No effect on bodyweight (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI: –0.08, 0.41; z = 1.34; P = 0.18; I2 = 67%) or any other outcome was found. No study was considered to have low risk of bias in all categories. Conclusion HMB, and supplements containing HMB, increased muscle mass and strength in a variety of clinical conditions, although the effect size was small. Given the bias associated with many of the included studies, further high-quality studies should be undertaken to enable interpretation and translation into clinical practice. The trial was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42017058517.

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