scholarly journals Production of multiple bacteriocins, including the novel bacteriocin gassericin M, by Lactobacillus gasseri LM19, a strain isolated from human milk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez ◽  
Paula M. O’Connor ◽  
Ian J. Colquhoun ◽  
Natalia M. Vior ◽  
Juan Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
Health Promoting

AbstractBacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria and their production by health-promoting microbes is regarded as a desirable probiotic trait. We found that Lactobacillus gasseri LM19, a strain isolated from human milk, exhibits antagonistic activity against different enteropathogens and produces several bacteriocins, including a novel bacteriocin, gassericin M. These bacteriocins were purified from culture and synthesised to investigate their activity and potential synergy. L. gasseri LM19 was tested in a complex environment mimicking human colon conditions where it not only survived but expressed the seven bacteriocin genes and produced short chain fatty acids. Metagenomic analysis of these in vitro colon cultures showed that co-inoculation of L. gasseri LM19 with Clostridium perfringens gave profiles with more similarity to controls than to vessels inoculated with C. perfringens alone. This makes L. gasseri LM19 an interesting candidate for further study for maintaining homeostasis in the gut environment.

scholarly journals Vitamin Biosynthesis by Human Gut Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Cross-Feeding in Synthetic Microbial Communities

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C. Soto-Martin ◽  
Ines Warnke ◽  
Freda M. Farquharson ◽  
Marilena Christodoulou ◽  
Graham Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Promoting

ABSTRACT We investigated the requirement of 15 human butyrate-producing gut bacterial strains for eight B vitamins and the proteinogenic amino acids by a combination of genome sequence analysis and in vitro growth experiments. The Ruminococcaceae species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Subdoligranulum variabile were auxotrophic for most of the vitamins and the amino acid tryptophan. Within the Lachnospiraceae, most species were prototrophic for all amino acids and several vitamins, but biotin auxotrophy was widespread. In addition, most of the strains belonging to Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia spp., but few of the other Lachnospiraceae strains, were auxotrophic for thiamine and folate. Synthetic coculture experiments of five thiamine or folate auxotrophic strains with different prototrophic bacteria in the absence and presence of different vitamin concentrations were carried out. This demonstrated that cross-feeding between bacteria does take place and revealed differences in cross-feeding efficiency between prototrophic strains. Vitamin-independent growth stimulation in coculture compared to monococulture was also observed, in particular for F. prausnitzii A2-165, suggesting that it benefits from the provision of other growth factors from community members. The presence of multiple vitamin auxotrophies in the most abundant butyrate-producing Firmicutes species found in the healthy human colon indicates that these bacteria depend upon vitamins supplied from the diet or via cross-feeding from other members of the microbial community. IMPORTANCE Microbes in the intestinal tract have a strong influence on human health. Their fermentation of dietary nondigestible carbohydrates leads to the formation of health-promoting short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is the main fuel for the colonic wall and has anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. A good understanding of the growth requirements of butyrate-producing bacteria is important for the development of efficient strategies to promote these microbes in the gut, especially in cases where their abundance is altered. The demonstration of the inability of several dominant butyrate producers to grow in the absence of certain vitamins confirms the results of previous in silico analyses. Furthermore, establishing that strains prototrophic for thiamine or folate (butyrate producers and non-butyrate producers) were able to stimulate growth and affect the composition of auxotrophic synthetic communities suggests that the provision of prototrophic bacteria that are efficient cross feeders may stimulate butyrate-producing bacteria under certain in vivo conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of Dehydrated Wheat/Rice Cereal Matrices on Probiotic Activity of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12®

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Leboš Pavunc ◽  
Jasna Novak ◽  
Jagoda Šušković ◽  
Blaženka Kos ◽  
Ksenija Durgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽  
Food Matrices

Three novel dehydrated wheat/rice cereal functional products with an addition of well documented probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12®) were developed in Podravka factory for the infants older than 4 months: instant rice cereal, instant rice cereal with fruits and instant wheat cereal with vanilla. Notably, the number of viable BB-12® cells in each of the novel products was higher than the required minimal number of probiotic cells per gram of product (106 CFU/g) during the storage period of 106 weeks. Therefore, BB-12® strain recovery and genome stability were evaluated by strain-specific polimerase chain reaction and amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting analysis. Further aim was to evaluate the influence of these three different cereal food matrices on specific probiotic properties of BB-12® strain in vitro. Applied food matrices positively influenced the survival in the simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and antagonistic activity against undesirable microorganisms, while no influence on auto- and coaggregation ability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® was observed. Adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells together with antibacterial activity emphasized competitive pathogen exclusion from Caco-2 cells by probiotic strain BB-12®.

scholarly journals Potential Synergy Activity of the Novel Ceragenin, CSA-13, against Carbapenem-ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiStrains Isolated from Bacteremia Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Bozkurt-Guzel ◽  
Paul B. Savage ◽  
Alper Akcali ◽  
Berna Ozbek-Celik
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
New Class ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Potential Synergy ◽  
Blood Specimens

Carbapenem-resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiis an important cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in patients in the intensive care units. As chronic infections are difficult to treat, attempts have been made to discover new antimicrobials. Ceragenins, designed to mimic the activities of antimicrobial peptides, are a new class of antimicrobial agents. In this study, the in vitro activities of CSA-13 either alone or in combination with colistin (sulphate), tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin were investigated using 60 carbapenem-resistantA. baumanniistrains isolated from bacteremia patients blood specimens. MICs and MBCs were determined by microbroth dilution technique. Combinations were assessed by using checkerboard technique. The MIC50values (mg/L) of CSA-13, colistin, tobramycin, and ciprofloxacin were 2, 1, 1.25, and 80, respectively. The MIC90(mg/L) of CSA-13 and colistin were 8 and 4. The MBCs were equal to or twice greater than those of the MICs. Synergistic interactions were mostly seen with CSA-13-colistin (55%), whereas the least synergistic interactions were observed in the CSA-13-tobramycin (35%) combination. No antagonism was observed. CSA-13 appears to be a good candidate for further investigations in the treatment ofA. baumanniiinfections. However, future studies should be performed to correlate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic parameters of this molecule.

scholarly journals Genoprotective Properties and Metabolites of β-Glucan-Rich Edible Mushrooms Following Their In Vitro Fermentation by Human Faecal Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Athina Boulaka ◽  
Paraschos Christodoulou ◽  
Marigoula Vlassopoulou ◽  
Georgios Koutrotsios ◽  
Georgios Bekiaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Dose Dependent

A variety of bioactive compounds, constituents of edible mushrooms, in particular β-glucans, i.e., a group of β-d-glucose polysaccharides abundant in the fungal cell walls, have been linked to immunomodulating, anticancer and prebiotic activities. The aim of the study was the investigation of the genoprotective effects of edible mushrooms produced by Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea (Basidiomycota). Mushrooms from selected strains of the species mentioned above were fermented in vitro using faecal inocula from healthy volunteers. The cytotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties of the fermentation supernatants (FSs) were investigated in Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The FSs were cytotoxic in a dose-dependent manner. Non-cytotoxic concentrations were used for the genotoxicity studies, which revealed that mushrooms’ FSs have the ability to protect Caco-2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH), a known genotoxic agent. Their global metabolic profiling was assessed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. A total of 37 metabolites were identified with the use of two-dimensional (2D) homo- and hetero-nuclear NMR experiments. Multivariate data analysis monitored the metabolic variability of gut microbiota and probed to biomarkers potentially associated with the health-promoting effects of edible mushrooms.

scholarly journals Possibilities of using yeast in biological plant protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Plant Defence Mechanisms

The metabolic activity of yeasts, as well as their common occurrence in the environment make them a potential source of compounds that can be used in biological plant protection. The article presents health-promoting effects of yeast on plants. The pro-health effect of yeast is related to the ability to provide plants with dissolved nutrients. Yeasts can also indirectly activate plant defence mechanisms and improve plant health status. The bioremediation properties and antagonism of yeasts against numerous economically important phytopathogens play an important role here. The research is also indicated that yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens, Pichia fermentans and Meyrozyma guilliermondii) in vitro show an antagonistic activity against their phytopathogens (Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani and Colletotrichum coccodes). All the mentioned aspects of yeast activity can be useful in creating high-quality biofertilizers and biopesticides.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Vandenplas ◽  
Bernard Berger ◽  
Virgilio Carnielli ◽  
Janusz Ksiazyk ◽  
Hanna Lagström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Changes Over Time

The authors reviewed the published evidence on the presence of oligosaccharides in human milk (HMO) and their benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. The still limited data of trials evaluating the effect of mainly 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) on the addition of some of HMOs to infant formula were also reviewed. PubMed was searched from January 1990 to April 2018. The amount of HMOs in mother’s milk is a dynamic process as it changes over time. Many factors, such as duration of lactation, environmental, and genetic factors, influence the amount of HMOs. HMOs may support immune function development and provide protection against infectious diseases directly through the interaction of the gut epithelial cells or indirectly through the modulation of the gut microbiota, including the stimulation of the bifidobacteria. The limited clinical data suggest that the addition of HMOs to infant formula seems to be safe and well tolerated, inducing a normal growth and suggesting a trend towards health benefits. HMOs are one of the major differences between cow’s milk and human milk, and available evidence indicates that these components do have a health promoting benefit. The addition of one or two of these components to infant formula is safe, and brings infant formula closer to human milk. More prospective, randomized trials in infants are need to evaluate the clinical benefit of supplementing infant formula with HMOs.

scholarly journals Polydextrose, Lactitol, and Fructo-Oligosaccharide Fermentation by Colonic Bacteria in a Three-Stage Continuous Culture System

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4505-4511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie M. Probert ◽  
Juha H. A. Apajalahti ◽  
Nina Rautonen ◽  
Julian Stowell ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Human Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Continuous Culture System ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bifidogenic Effect

ABSTRACT In vitro fermentations were carried out by using a model of the human colon to simulate microbial activities of lower gut bacteria. Bacterial populations (and their metabolic products) were evaluated under the effects of various fermentable substrates. Carbohydrates tested were polydextrose, lactitol, and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS). Bacterial groups of interest were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization as well as by species-specific PCR to determine bifidobacterial species and percent-G+C profiling of the bacterial communities present. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced during the fermentations were also evaluated. Polydextrose had a stimulatory effect upon colonic bifidobacteria at concentrations of 1 and 2% (using a single and pooled human fecal inoculum, respectively). The bifidogenic effect was sustained throughout all three vessels of the in vitro system (P = 0.01 seen in vessel 3), as corroborated by the bacterial community profile revealed by %G+C analysis. This substrate supported a wide variety of bifidobacteria and was the only substrate where Bifidobacterium infantis was detected. The fermentation of lactitol had a deleterious effect on both bifidobacterial and bacteroides populations (P = 0.01) and decreased total cell numbers. SCFA production was stimulated, however, particularly butyrate (beneficial for host colonocytes). FOS also had a stimulatory effect upon bifidobacterial and lactobacilli populations that used a single inoculum (P = 0.01 for all vessels) as well as a bifidogenic effect in vessels 2 and 3 (P = 0.01) when a pooled inoculum was used. A decrease in bifidobacteria throughout the model was reflected in the percent-G+C profiles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document