scholarly journals Age of seizure onset as a major determinant of memory changes following surgery for hippocampal sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Leal-Conceição ◽  
Marino Muxfeldt Bianchin ◽  
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli ◽  
Liss Januário de Oliveira ◽  
Mário Bernardes Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relation of epileptological and surgical variables with post-operative memory performance, following surgery for refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS).MethodsLogical memory (LM) and visual memory (VM) scores for immediate and late recall of 201 patients operated for MTLE/HS from 1996 to 2016 were reviewed. All patients were evaluated prior to surgery and reevaluated up until 5 years after the procedure. Scores were standardized to a control group of 54 healthy individuals matched for age and education. Patients were divided in two groups according to the hemisphere affected and scores for immediate and late recall were compared. Reliable Change Index (RCI) with a 90% confidence interval was performed to verify individual memory changes for each late LM (lLM) and late VM (lVM) score. A multiple linear regression was performed with the RCI using late recall scores of lLM and lVM and clinical variables.Results112 (56%) patients had left HS (lHS). The lHS group showed decreased immediate LM (iLM) scores before and after surgery (p<0.05), compared with rHS. The rHS group showed increased iLM scores post-operatively (p<0.05). RCI of the rHS group showed that 6 (7%) individuals had improved, 78 (87%) stabilized and 5 (6%) decresead in lLM scores, and for lVM 7 (8%) improved, 80 (89%) stabilized and 2 (3%) worsened (RCI> 1.645). RCI of the lHS group showed that 3 (3%) individuals had increased scores, 104 (93%) stabilized and 5 (4%) worsened for lLM, and for lVM 3 (3%) obtained improved scores, 103 (92%) stabilized and 6 (5%) decreased (RCI> 1.645). lHS and later age of onset of the first epileptic seizure were predictors of lLM loss (p<0.05).ConclusionLeft MTLE/HS and later age of seizure onset were predictive factors for worsening of lLM. No RCI predictors of post-op lVM performance were identified. We found a decreased baseline functioning of LM in the lHS group and improvement of LM in some patients who had resection of the right MTL. Patients of the rHS group had a higher percentage of reliable post-op improvement for both VM and LM scores.

Endoscopic Transcortical Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Uda ◽  
Toshiyuki Kawashima ◽  
Masato Hattori ◽  
Yuichiro Kojima ◽  
Yuki Mito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Surgical Video ◽  
Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
The Right

Abstract This surgical video shows a 19-yr-old woman with focal impaired awareness seizures. Seizure semiology showed no lateralizing signs. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) failed to determine the seizure origin. Interictal EEG showed bilateral spike-and-waves at the temporal electrodes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed suspected hippocampal sclerosis on the right side. To determine the side of the focus, depth electrodes were implanted in both hippocampi. Invasive video EEG identified the seizure origin on the right. The decision was made to perform selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SelAH) via the middle temporal gyrus (MTG). An endoscope was used to minimize the craniotomy and shorten the skin incision.  A 5-cm linear skin incision and 2.5-cm craniotomy were made. A thin tube was inserted to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle (Inf-H) under neuronavigation to guide the route to the Inf-H. The endoscope was introduced. A 1.5-cm corticotomy was made at the MTG, and white matter was aspirated until opening the Inf-H. The hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus were removed with the usual steps in microsurgical SelAH. The surgical time was 4 h 20 min. The patient was discharged without complications and has remained seizure free.  In addition to the preoperative objectives, using an endoscope widens the surgical view in the Inf-H compared with microsurgical procedures. Although seizure and cognitive outcomes are expected to be comparable to those from other methods of SelAH, invasiveness might be reduced. This appears to represent the first video report of endoscopic SelAH. The patient consented to the procedure and publication of her images and surgical video.

scholarly journals Effect of dental wear, stabilization appliance and anterior tooth reconstruction on mandibular movements during speech

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Fernanda Faot ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Movements

This study described changes in mandibular movements during pronunciation of /m/ and /s/ sounds in Portuguese, in patients presenting dental wear before and after appliance insertion and tooth reconstruction. Subjects were divided into a control group of dentate patients and an experimental group of patients with incisal tooth wear due to bruxism. A magnetic jaw tracking device measured the jaw opening, and translations to left and right sides of the mandible during pronunciation of phonemes. Evaluations were carried out 1 week and immediately before appliance insertion; 24 h, 7, 30 and 60 days after appliance insertion; and 1 week and 1 month after tooth reconstruction. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Jaw opening was different (p<0.05) for both sounds in all periods. The anteroposterior amplitude for /s/ showed differences immediately before and 1 month after appliance insertion (p<0.05). Lateral amplitude for the right side showed differences between groups after appliance insertion for /s/, and 1 and 2 months after appliance insertion for the /m/ (p<0.05). Volunteers with anterior tooth wear had a wider opening movement, and the movements during speech of /m/ and /s/ sounds were not changed after appliance insertion and reconstruction of teeth.

scholarly journals The Effect of 12 Hz Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Visual Memory of Male Macaque Monkeys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Kazemi ◽  
◽  
Hamed Aliyari ◽  
Elaheh Tekieh ◽  
Hassan Tavacoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Rhesus

Introduction: Today, humans leave in a world surrounded by electromagnetic fields. Numerous studies have been carried out to discover the biological, physiological, and behavioral effects of electromagnetic fields on humans and animals. Given the biological similarities between monkeys and humans, the goal of the present research was to examine Visual Memory (VM), hormonal, genomic, and anatomic changes, and changes of the amygdala function in the male rhesus macaques who exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF/MF). Materials and methods: Four male Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used. For the behavioral tests the animals were needed to be fasting for 17 hours, and for the behavioral tests such as visual memory, cooperation of the animal was necessary. Using the radiation protocol, two of the monkeys were exposed to 12-Hz electromagnetic fields with a magnitude of 0.7 microtesla (electromagnetic radiation) four hours a day for a month. Before and after the exposure, a visual memory test was conducted using a coated device (visible reward) on a movable stand. Ten mL of blood was obtained from the femoral artery of the monkeys and half of it was used to examine cortisol serum levels using MyBioSource kits (made in the USA). The other half of blood samples were used to extract lymphocytes for assaying expressions of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) genes before and after radiation using the PCR method. Anatomic studies of the amygdala were carried out based on pre- and post-radiation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Findings: Research results indicated that visual memory in male primates increased significantly at the 12Hz frequency. Hormonal analysis at the 12Hz frequency showed a decrease in cortisol serum levels. However, visual memory and serum cortisol levels did not change considerably in male primates in the control group. There was no considerable amygdala volumetric difference at the 12 Hz frequency. The expression of the GR genes decreased at 12Hz compared to the control group. Conclusion: In short, these results indicated that ELF may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement as indicated by the fact that exposure to the 12 HZ ELF can enhance visual memory. This may be due to a decrease in plasma cortisol, and/or expression of GR genes. Moreover, direct involvement of the amygdala in this regard cannot be recommended.

Histopathologic subtype of hippocampal sclerosis and episodic memory performance before and after temporal lobectomy for epilepsy

Epilepsia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Saghafi ◽  
Lisa Ferguson ◽  
Olivia Hogue ◽  
Jordan M. Gales ◽  
Richard Prayson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals (Lack of) Effects of noradrenergic stimulation on human working memory performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (10) ◽  
pp. 3033-3046
Author(s):  
Nadine Wanke ◽  
Jana Christina Müller ◽  
Klaus Wiedemann ◽  
Lars Schwabe
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Participants

Abstract Rationale Working memory depends on prefrontal cortex functioning, which is particularly sensitive to levels of noradrenaline. Studies in non-human primates have shown that modest levels of noradrenaline improve working memory, and that higher levels of noradrenaline impair working memory performance. However, research in humans provided inconsistent findings concerning noradrenergic effects on working memory. Objective The present study aimed at assessing dose-dependent effects of yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, on working memory performance in healthy humans. We further aimed to explore a potential interactive effect between noradrenergic arousal and lack of control over aversive events on working memory performance. Methods We used a double-blind, fully crossed, placebo-controlled, between-subject design. Participants (N = 121) performed an adaptive n-back task before and after oral administration of either a placebo, 20 mg, or 40 mg yohimbine and a manipulation of controllability, during which participants could either learn to avoid electric shocks (controllability groups), had no instrumental control over shock administration (uncontrollability groups), or did not receive any shocks (no-shock control group). Results While no significant results of noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine were obtained using conventional frequentist analyses, additional Bayesian analyses provided strong evidence for the absence of an association between pharmacological treatment and working memory performance. We further observed no effect of controllability and no interaction between noradrenergic stimulation and the manipulation of controllability. Conclusions Our results suggest that noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine does not affect (non-spatial) working memory in healthy human participants.

Adaptations on Physical Performance Characteristics after a 6-Month Specific Training in Rhythmic Gymnasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Helen Douda ◽  
Alexandra Avloniti ◽  
Athanasios Kasabalis ◽  
Savvas P Tokmakidis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

This study examined the specific effects of a 6-month training program on the physical performance characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) athletes. Seventy-one female rhythmic gymnasts and 81 non-gymnasts (total, 152) were divided into four age categories: 8–10 yrs, 11–12 yrs, 13–14 yrs, and 15–17 yrs. Field measurements of speed, muscular strength, jumping ability, explosive power, and flexibility were made before and after a 6-month training program. The analysis of covariance, using as covariate the initial values, indicated that RG athletes attained the best scores in speed (p < 0.001), jumping ability (p < 0.001), and sit-ups (p < 0.001) and were more flexible than the control group in the sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01) and shoulder flexibility measurements (p < 0.001). In addition, gymnasts showed significant progress and obtained the highest scores in the majority of the tests as compared to the control group after 6 months of training. When measuring hip flexibility and leg lifts forward and sideward, gymnasts had better values on the right leg than the left leg. This observation shows the partial use of the right leg as the prevalent working leg as compared to the left leg which is considered the “support” leg during the performance of different exercises. These results reveal the physical performance characteristics of RG gymnasts as well as the specific adaptations attained in strength and flexibility after 6 months of training. Coaches and athletes should be aware of these findings in order to develop and maintain physical abilities sufficient for a successful technical performance in RG.

A Clinical Study of Acupuncture and SSP (Silver Spike Point) Electro-therapy for Dry Eye Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Lieh Tseng ◽  
Hsu-Jan Liu ◽  
Kam-Yuen Tso ◽  
Lin-Chung Woung ◽  
Yi-Chang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

The present study was designed as a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of acupuncture and silver spike point (SSP) electro-therapy on dry eye syndrome. A total of 43 dry eye syndrome patients participated in the present study. Subjects were divided into control, acupuncture and SSP electro-therapy groups. The three groups were all given artificial tears treatment. Patients in the treatment groups were given two 20-minute treatments of either acupuncture or SSP. Assessment was carried out using the Basal Schirmer test, tear break-up time (BUT), visual analog scale (VAS) and an overall score of eye condition. After four weeks of treatment, both the acupuncture and SSP treatment groups showed improvements over the control group, in Schirmer tests of the left eye and average tearing of both eyes. After 8 weeks of treatment, both treatment groups showed improvements over the control group both in Schirmer tests and VAS. For the right eye, treatment groups showed significant improvements in Schirmer test and VAS versus the control group averages for both eyes. There was no significant difference in BUT at any time. Comparing scores before and after treatment, the acupuncture and SSP groups showed a significant improvement compared to the control group. The acupuncture group showed a greater 8-week improvement in Schirmer tests scores compared to the SSP group. However, the SSP group patients used fewer applications of artificial tears. Acupuncture and SSP electro-therapy were effective in increasing tear secretion in patients with dry eye syndrome. The SSP electro-therapy not only alleviated dry eye syndrome, but also reduced the number of applications of artificial tears necessary.

scholarly journals Memory tests are not good predictors of surgical outcome in patients with mesial temporal Lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Escorsi-Rosset ◽  
M Marino. Bianchin ◽  
Roger Walz ◽  
Vera C. Terra-Bustamante ◽  
Carlos G. Carlotti Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Hippocampal Sclerosis ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe

Introduction: One of the objectives of pre-surgical evaluation in mesial temporal epilepsy associated to hippoocampal sclerosis is the identification of patients with bad surgical prognosis for seizure control. At least theoretically, neuropsychological tests could be used in this venue. Objective: To evaluate whether verbal and visual memory tests can be used as isolate predictors of the post-surgical seizure outcome in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis refractory to pharmacological treatment. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study using the control of epileptic seizures as end-point, we evaluated 187 patients and calculated the correlation of clinical variables, cognitive evaluation, neuroimaging data, demographic data and electrophysiological findings with the result of seizure control after lobectomy in these patients. Results: An unfavorable prognosis during the postoperative period was observed only in association with low visual reproduction scores (visual memory). However, after Bonferroni correction, which was necessary to reduce the chance of type I error, this result was found to be spurious. Conclusion: We conclude that neuropsychological tests of verbal and visual memory such as those used in the routine presurgical evaluation of our patients with temporal lobe epilepsy are not good isolated predictors of surgical outcome.

scholarly journals Cognitive stimulations effects and Taigeiko in elderly women’s cognition: an intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Alice Milani Nespollo ◽  
Samira Reschetti Marcon ◽  
Nathalie Vilma Pollo de Lima ◽  
Tatiane Lebre Dias ◽  
Mariano Martínez Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Figure Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention through cognitive stimulation associated with Taigeiko practice in memory performance and executive function of elderly women, compared to a group exposed to Taigeiko alone. Method: A quasi-experimental study was performed with 16 elderly women. 10 were allocated to the experimental group (EG) submitted to 16 sessions of cognitive stimulation and Taigeiko, and 6 elderly women in the control group (CG) submitted to Taigeiko alone. Cognition was assessed before and after intervention by the tests: Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning (RAVLT); Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; Trail-Making Test; Stroop Effect; Digit Span Test and Semantic Verbal Fluency Test. Results: Both groups presented differences in RAVLT domains (EG p=0.004, CG p=0.005) and Stroop Effect (EG p=0.012; CG p=0.024). However, in EG, better scores were shown in the tests, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Taigeiko has been shown to be a potential activity in obtaining cognitive gains, independently of the associated cognitive stimulation.

Impact of self-designed Ningxin Anshen Decoction on the resting-state network functional connectivity in patients with mild to moderate generalized anxiety disorders: a Clinical Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing He ◽  
Hang Xiong ◽  
Jiangshan Fang ◽  
Hao Gu ◽  
Rongjuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Scale ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a persistent chronic excessive anxiety that is hard to control. Our previous study indicated that self-designed Ningxin Anshen Formula (NXAS) was effective to improve the symptoms and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) of mild to moderate GAD patients. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the imapct of self-designed NXAS on the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in patients with mild to moderate GAD and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS A total of 61 patients diagnosed with mild to moderate GAD were recruited and divided into two groups: NXAS group (n=31) and placebo group (n=30). Before and after treatment, the RSFC was examined by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), the anxiety was assessed with HAMA, and the independent component analysis (ICA) was used to analyze the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). The correlation between HAMA score and abnormal RSFC was further evaluated. RESULTS The default mode network (DMN) showed evident RSFC interaction in the PCUN in both groups before and after therapy. The salience network (SN) showed obvious RSFC interaction in the bilateral gyrus frontalis inferiors and bilateral gyri temporalis superiors before and after therapy. In the NXAS group, the RSFC interction reduced significantly in the left gyrus frontalis inferior, but remained unchanged in the right gyrus frontalis inferior and bilateral gyri temporalis superiors after therapy. In the control group, the RSFC interaction increased dramatically after treatment. In addition, the abnormal RSFC had no relationship with HAMA score. CONCLUSIONS The self-designed NXAS can increase the RSFC in the PUCN on DMN and reduce RSFC in the orbIFG.L on SN to exert anti-anxiety effect. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered on the Clinical Trials (NO. ChiCTR-OCC-12002329).

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