Adaptations on Physical Performance Characteristics after a 6-Month Specific Training in Rhythmic Gymnasts

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Helen Douda ◽  
Alexandra Avloniti ◽  
Athanasios Kasabalis ◽  
Savvas P Tokmakidis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnasts

This study examined the specific effects of a 6-month training program on the physical performance characteristics of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) athletes. Seventy-one female rhythmic gymnasts and 81 non-gymnasts (total, 152) were divided into four age categories: 8–10 yrs, 11–12 yrs, 13–14 yrs, and 15–17 yrs. Field measurements of speed, muscular strength, jumping ability, explosive power, and flexibility were made before and after a 6-month training program. The analysis of covariance, using as covariate the initial values, indicated that RG athletes attained the best scores in speed (p < 0.001), jumping ability (p < 0.001), and sit-ups (p < 0.001) and were more flexible than the control group in the sit-and-reach test (p < 0.01) and shoulder flexibility measurements (p < 0.001). In addition, gymnasts showed significant progress and obtained the highest scores in the majority of the tests as compared to the control group after 6 months of training. When measuring hip flexibility and leg lifts forward and sideward, gymnasts had better values on the right leg than the left leg. This observation shows the partial use of the right leg as the prevalent working leg as compared to the left leg which is considered the “support” leg during the performance of different exercises. These results reveal the physical performance characteristics of RG gymnasts as well as the specific adaptations attained in strength and flexibility after 6 months of training. Coaches and athletes should be aware of these findings in order to develop and maintain physical abilities sufficient for a successful technical performance in RG.

Effects of a 6-Week Straw Phonation in Water Exercise Program on the Aging Voice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018-1032
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsin Wu ◽  
Roger W. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aging Voice ◽  
Before And After

Purpose Semi-occluded vocal tract (SOVT) exercises with tubes or straws have been widely used for a variety of voice disorders. Yet, the effects of longer periods of SOVT exercises (lasting for weeks) on the aging voice are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of a 6-week straw phonation in water (SPW) exercise program. Method Thirty-seven elderly subjects with self-perceived voice problems were assigned into two groups: (a) SPW exercises with six weekly sessions and home practice (experimental group) and (b) vocal hygiene education (control group). Before and after intervention (2 weeks after the completion of the exercise program), acoustic analysis, auditory–perceptual evaluation, and self-assessment of vocal impairment were conducted. Results Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between the two groups in smoothed cepstral peak prominence measures, harmonics-to-noise ratio, the auditory–perceptual parameter of breathiness, and Voice Handicap Index-10 scores postintervention. No significant differences between the two groups were found for other measures. Conclusions Our results supported the positive effects of SOVT exercises for the aging voice, with a 6-week SPW exercise program being a clinical option. Future studies should involve long-term follow-up and additional outcome measures to better understand the efficacy of SOVT exercises, particularly SPW exercises, for the aging voice.

scholarly journals Effect of dental wear, stabilization appliance and anterior tooth reconstruction on mandibular movements during speech

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Fernanda Faot ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Movements

This study described changes in mandibular movements during pronunciation of /m/ and /s/ sounds in Portuguese, in patients presenting dental wear before and after appliance insertion and tooth reconstruction. Subjects were divided into a control group of dentate patients and an experimental group of patients with incisal tooth wear due to bruxism. A magnetic jaw tracking device measured the jaw opening, and translations to left and right sides of the mandible during pronunciation of phonemes. Evaluations were carried out 1 week and immediately before appliance insertion; 24 h, 7, 30 and 60 days after appliance insertion; and 1 week and 1 month after tooth reconstruction. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Jaw opening was different (p<0.05) for both sounds in all periods. The anteroposterior amplitude for /s/ showed differences immediately before and 1 month after appliance insertion (p<0.05). Lateral amplitude for the right side showed differences between groups after appliance insertion for /s/, and 1 and 2 months after appliance insertion for the /m/ (p<0.05). Volunteers with anterior tooth wear had a wider opening movement, and the movements during speech of /m/ and /s/ sounds were not changed after appliance insertion and reconstruction of teeth.

scholarly journals Interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to the Mat Pilates training in women with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 31668
Author(s):  
Elham Eftekhari ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After

AIMS: To determine the effect of Mat Pilates on serum levels of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in women with multiple sclerosis.METHODS: Thirty women with multiple sclerosis with mild to moderate disability were recruited and randomly divided into equal Pilates training and Control groups. Patients in the training group accomplished a Pilates program three times a week for eight weeks. The Control group maintained their routine lifestyle. The serum level of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured before and after the protocol. The differences between groups were assessed by using analysis of covariance test to compare post-tests by considering covariate pre-tests (assuming a p-value <0.05 as significant).RESULTS: There were no significant changes in interleukin-10 (13.09±5.36 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 13.21±4.76 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.81), whereas an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor was observed after eight-week Pilates training (11550.14±2619.60 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 9664.35±3161.66 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the intensity and duration of this protocol was not related to significant changes in interleukin-10, but was followed by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in these patients. Based on this finding, physical activity according to the individual’s ability is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis, in parallel with drug therapy.

scholarly journals The Effects of the TPACK-P Educational Program on Teachers’ TPACK: Programming as a Technological Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Seong Won Kim ◽  
Youngjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Experimental Group

Background/Objectives: This study examined the effects of introducing programming as a technological tool for teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) development.Methods/Statistical Analysis: Thirty-two teachers were divided into two groups, completing different types of TPACK educational programs. The control group’s TPACK training program was based on information and communication technology (ICT), while that of the experimental group was based on programming. To verify the effectiveness of the TPACK training program, tests were administered before and after the educational program. A statistical analysis of questionnaire results also investigated changes resulting from TPACK.Findings: Both the control and experimental groups showed statistically significant improvements in the post-test compared with the pre-test. However, in the detailed areas of TPACK by group, the improvements in the two groups differed. Unlike the control group, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge related to technology. This result illustrated that programming is effective in solving the problem of integrating technology into the classroom. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the post-test, as this was applied in the short term. However, programming has been shown to affect Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and TPACK. In summary, the results showed that a TPACK educational program based on programming is effective for teachers’ TPACK development. Keywords: TPACK, In-service teacher, Programming, TPACK-P, Educational program

Mental Fatigue: Impairment of Technical Performance in Small-Sided Soccer Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver O. Badin ◽  
Mitchell R. Smith ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Computer Based

Purpose:To assess the effects of mental fatigue on physical and technical performance in small-sided soccer games. Methods:Twenty soccer players (age 17.8 ± 1.0 y, height 179 ± 5 cm, body mass 72.4 ± 6.8 kg, playing experience 8.3 ± 1.4 y) from an Australian National Premier League soccer club volunteered to participate in this randomized crossover investigation. Participants played 15-min 5-vs-5 small-sided games (SSGs) without goalkeepers on 2 occasions separated by 1 wk. Before the SSG, 1 team watched a 30-min emotionally neutral documentary (control), while the other performed 30 min of a computer-based Stroop task (mental fatigue). Subjective ratings of mental and physical fatigue were recorded before and after treatment and after the SSG. Motivation was assessed before treatment and SSG; mental effort was assessed after treatment and SSG. Player activity profiles and heart rate (HR) were measured throughout the SSG, whereas ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were recorded before the SSG and immediately after each half. Video recordings of the SSG allowed for notational analysis of technical variables. Results:Subjective ratings of mental fatigue and effort were higher after the Stroop task, whereas motivation for the upcoming SSG was similar between conditions. HR during the SSG was possibly higher in the control condition, whereas RPE was likely higher in the mental-fatigue condition. Mental fatigue had an unclear effect on most physical-performance variables but impaired most technical-performance variables. Conclusions:Mental fatigue impairs technical but not physical performance in small-sided soccer games.

Impact of a Clinical Pharmacist's Emphasis on Patient Communication on the Patient's Attitude toward Pharmacy

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Joseph Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Town ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

This study sought to determine if the provision of a clinical pharmacist with increased patient communication to a given population would result in that population having a subsequent improvement in its attitude toward pharmacy. A before and after experimental-control group (pretest-posttest) research design with randomization was employed. Questionnaires were mailed to 200 families in the control and experimental rural towns the day the model practice with increased patient communication opened. Identical questionnaires were again mailed to pretest respondents after the practice had been in operation for approximately one- and two-year periods. Analysis of covariance revealed that consumers in the town exposed to increased patient communication experienced an improvement in attitude toward pharmacy which was significantly greater than that experienced by consumers in the control town which retained traditional pharmacy services during the same time period. The final posttest measurement indicated that consumers in the experimental town had an attitude level significantly higher than consumers in the control town. Relatively strong support is given to the hypothesis that increased patient communication about drug therapy can result in improved consumer attitudes toward pharmacy.

scholarly journals Using ePortfolio-based Learning Approach to Facilitate Knowledge Sharing and Creation of College Students

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Cheng Chang ◽  
Pao-Nan Chou ◽  
Chaoyan Liang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
T Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the ePortfolio-based learning approach (ePBLA) on knowledge sharing and creation with 92 college students majoring in electrical engineering as the participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with a covariance of pretest on knowledge sharing and creation was conducted for examining differences in knowledge sharing and creation between an experimental group (a total of 47 participants using ePBLA) and a control group (a total of 45 participants not using ePBLA or creating eportfolio). A t-test was also performed for examining the differences in knowledge sharing and creation of the experimental group before and after using ePBLA. The results showed that: a) the experimental group had significantly better knowledge sharing and creation than the control group; and b) the experimental group had significantly better knowledge sharing and creation after using ePBLA. The results implied that ePBLA facilitated knowledge sharing and creation. Furthermore, relationships between knowledge sharing and creation were also enhanced by the use of ePBLA

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pemahaman Perawat Pelaksana dalam Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien Melalui Pelatihan Keselamatan Pasien

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Yulia ◽  
Achir Yani S Hamid ◽  
Mustikasari Mustikasari
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hospital Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstrakUpaya membangun budaya keselamatan pasien memerlukan komitmen yang dipengaruhi pengetahuan perawat. Tujuan penelitianquasi experiment ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan keselamatan pasien terhadap pemahaman perawat pelaksanamengenai penerapan keselamatan pasien. Hasil penelitian pada 83 perawat pelaksana di RS XX (kelompok eksperimen) dan83 perawat pelaksana di RS XY (kelompok kontrol) menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang bermakna pemahaman perawat pelaksanasebelum dan setelah mendapatkan pelatihan pada kelompok eksperimen (p= 0,000; α= 0,05) dan tidak ada perbedaan padapemahaman perawat pelaksana sebelum dan setelah pada kelompok kontrol (p= 0,417; α= 0,05). Rumah sakit perlu melakukanprogram pelatihan keselamatan pasien secara berkelanjutan dan mengembangkan standar kinerja untuk memfasilitasi transferpengetahuan perawat.Kata Kunci: keselamatan pasien, pelatihan, pemahaman, perawat pelaksanaAbstractEfforts to build a culture of patient safety required commitment is influenced by knowledge of nurses. This quasi-experimentalstudy aimed to describe the influence of patient safety training for nursing staff’s comprehension of the implementation ofpatient safety’s procedure. Results for 83 nursing staffs XX Hospital (experimental group) and 83 nursing staffs XY Hospital(control group) showed no significant differences in understanding nursing staffs before and after receiving training in theexperimental group (p= 0.000; α= 0.05) and no difference in understanding nursing staffs before and after in the controlgroup (p= 0.417; α= 0.05). Hospitals need to make patient safety training program on an ongoing basis and develop performancestandards as a facilitation of transferred of nursing staff’s knowledge.Keywords: comprehension, nursing staffs, patient safety, training

Generalization of Creative Productive-Thinking Training to LD Students' Written Expression

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia L. Fortner
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Productive Thinking ◽  
Writing Task

This study examined whether intermediate-grade LD students could generalize creativity training to increase competency on a spontaneous writing task. The investigation used seven intact classrooms to analyze differences between groups on initial creative productive-thinking level, measured by Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) subtest Tin Can: Unusual Uses. Mean difference scores were compared for number of (a) words, (b) thought units, (c) subordinate clauses, (d) vocabulary, and (e) thematic maturity on the story subtest of the Test of Written Language (TOWL) given before and after training in New Directions in Creativity (NDC). A nonequivalent control-group design was used. Teachers administered the TTCT and TOWL pre- and posttests to 49 subjects in self-contained LD classrooms. Teachers of a 25-member experimental (E) group also conducted NDC intervention, including nonjudgmental brainstorming activities, three times per week for nine weeks. Analysis of covariance results revealed that, after creative productive-thinking training, the E group significantly improved (p < .05) in number of thought units, subordinate clauses, and thematic maturity. The results of this initial probe should impact upon training of teachers of LD students.

Motivating Students to Not Smoke

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Greenberg ◽  
Bernard Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Didactic Material ◽  
Experimental Group

This study tested a new strategy, based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, for motivating college students to not smoke. A ninety-one item questionnaire was developed and tested, and administered before and after the study to subjects who were divided into an experimental and a control group. Didactic material on smoking and topics such as social approval, academic achievement and career success were presented to the experimental group. An analysis of covariance showed statistically significant changes in student's responses to cognitive and attitudinal statements. It also showed non-significant but positive changes in smoker's motivation to attempt cessation and in smoking behavior. It is recommended that this promising strategy be investigated further.

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