scholarly journals Geomagnetic field absence reduces adult body weight of a migratory insect by disrupting feeding behavior and appetite regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun Wan ◽  
Shoulin Jiang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Zhao ◽  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Food Aversion ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduced Body

AbstractThe geomagnetic field (GMF) is well documented for its essential role as a cue used in animal orientation or navigation. Recent evidence indicates that the absence of GMF can trigger stress-like responses such as reduced body weight, as we have previously shown in newly emerged adults of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. To test the hypothesis that reduced feeding in the absence of the GMF leads to a decrease of N. lugens body weight, we compared magnetic responses in feeding behavior, glucose levels, and expression of magnetoreception- and appetite-related genes in brown planthopper nymphs exposed to either a near-zero magnetic field (NZMF, i.e., GMF absence) or typical GMF conditions. In addition to observing the expected responses in the expression of the potential magnetosensor cryptochromes, the food intake of 5th instar nymphs was significantly reduced in insects reared in the absence of GMF. Insects that exhibited reduced feeding reared in the absence of the GMF also had higher glucose levels which is associated with food aversion. Expression patterns of appetite-related neuropeptide genes were also altered in the absence of GMF in a manner consistent with diminishing appetite. These findings support the hypothesis that strong changes in GMF intensity can affect insect feeding behavior and underlying regulatory processes. Our results provide further evidence that magnetoreception and regulatory responses to GMF changes can affect a wide variety of biological processes.

scholarly journals Removal or component reversal of local geomagnetic field affects foraging orientation preference in migratory insect brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12351
Author(s):  
Yingchao Zhang ◽  
Weidong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Orientation Preference ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
The Relationship

Background Migratory brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens) annually migrates to Northeast Asia in spring and returns to Southeast Asia in autumn. However, mechanisms for orientation and navigation during their flight remain largely unknown. The geomagnetic field (GMF) is an important source of directional information for animals (including N. lugens), yet the magnetic compass involved has not been fully identified. Methods Here we assessed the influences of GMF on the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens by removing or component reversal of local GMF. At the same time, we examined the role of iron-sulfur cluster assembly1 (IscA1), a putative component of magnetoreceptor, in the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens under the controlled magnetic fields by RNA silencing (RNAi). Results We found that the near-zero magnetic field (NZMF) or vertical reversal of GMF could lead to N. lugens losing the foraging orientation preference, suggesting that a normal level of GMF, in the way of either intensity or inclination, was essential for the foraging orientation of N. lugens. Moreover, the gene knockdown of IscA1, also affected the foraging orientation preference of N. lugens, pointing out a potential role of IscA1 in the insects’ sensing of variation in the GMF. Discussion These results suggested a foraging orientation preference is associated with the GMF and revealed new insights into the relationship between the IscA1 and magnetosensitivity mechanism in N. lugens.

Enhancement of the geomagnetic field reduces the phototaxis of rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens associated with frataxin down‐regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying‐Chao Zhang ◽  
Gui‐Jun Wan ◽  
Wei‐Hong Wang ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Down Regulation

scholarly journals Influence of Abscisic Acid-Biosynthesis Inhibitor Fluridone on the Feeding Behavior and Fecundity of Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Xu Ding ◽  
Xi Huang ◽  
Litong Sun ◽  
Jincai Wu ◽  
Jinglan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Deposition Area

Fluridone (FLU) was a pyrrolidone herbicide that was used for selective weeding in wheat, rice, corn and pasture and was also a biosynthesis inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA), a significant plant hormone. ABA-promoted callose deposition facilitates rice resistance to pests but whether FLU had the opposite influence was unknown. The effects of FLU on the feeding behavior of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål; BPH), after feeding with rice plants treated with FLU, were studied, using an electrical penetration graph (EPG). For susceptible rice cultivar (TN1), the duration for which BPH sucked phloem sap (N4 wave duration) after 15 μmol/L of FLU treatment was longer than that of the control but decreased after 30 and 60 μmol/L FLU treatments. Fecundity of BPH treated with 15 μmol/L FLU had no significant change, while the deposition area of callose was significantly decreased. For moderately-resistant rice cultivar (IR42), no differences in BPH feeding behavior and fecundity were observed but the deposition area of callose declined after treated with 15 μmol/L of FLU. These findings suggested that a low concentration of FLU (15 μmol/L) promoted BPH feeding behavior in TN1 but not in IR42 and the response in IR42 appeared to be more complicated, which provided supplementary evidence that ABA promoted plant resistance to BPH.

The influence of host-plant on the development of the adult brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), and its significance in migration

1983 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Residual Body ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe development of adults of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) reared on one susceptible and one resistant variety of rice plants of different ages was compared. Throughout the range of plants tested there was an overall trend for the newly moulted adult to synthesise and store a reserve of lipid and to lose most of the stored glycogen accumulated during the nymphal stage. N. lugens has two wing morphs, and whilst lipid deposits were greatest in the macropterous ‘migrant’ males, in females it was the brachypterous ‘reproductive’ insects that had the highest lipid deposits and also the greatest residual body weight. However, because of their lower body weight, the macropterous females had the greater percentage of lipid. Both flight willingness and the percentage of macropterous females showing flight-orientated physiological development increased with the age of the host-plant. Both survival and migration potential were lower in insects reared on the resistant rice variety compared to those reared on the susceptible variety. The pattern of post-flight resynthesis of fuels suggests that more than one major migration is unlikely.

scholarly journals Change in geomagnetic field intensity alters migration-associated traits in a migratory insect

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190940
Author(s):  
Guijun Wan ◽  
Ruiying Liu ◽  
Chunxu Li ◽  
Jinglan He ◽  
Weidong Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Intensity ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Insect Migration ◽  
Cryptochrome 1

Geomagnetic field (GMF) intensity can be used by some animals to determine their position during migration. However, its role, if any, in mediating other migration-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we simulated variation in GMF intensity between two locations along the migration route of a nocturnal insect migrant, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens , that varied by approximately 5 µT in field intensity. After one generation of exposure, we tested for changes in key morphological, behavioural and physiological traits related to migratory performance, including wing dimorphism, flight capacity and positive phototaxis. Our results showed that all three morphological and behavioural phenotypes responded to a small difference in magnetic field intensity. Consistent magnetic responses in the expression of the phototaxis-related Drosophila-like cryptochrome 1 ( Cry1 ) gene and levels of two primary energy substrates used during flight, triglyceride and trehalose, were also found. Our findings indicate changes in GMF intensity can alter the expression of phenotypes critical for insect migration and highlight the unique role of magnetoreception as a trait that may help migratory insects express potentially beneficial phenotypes in geographically variable environments.

Expression of human hepatic glucokinase in transgenic mice liver results in decreased glucose levels and reduced body weight

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hariharan ◽  
D. Farrelly ◽  
D. Hagan ◽  
D. Hillyer ◽  
C. Arbeeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Mice Liver

Expression of Human Hepatic Glucokinase in Transgenic Mice Liver Results in Decreased Glucose Levels and Reduced Body Weight

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hariharan ◽  
D. Farrelly ◽  
D. Hagan ◽  
D. Hillyer ◽  
C. Arbeeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Mice Liver

The flight capabilities of laboratory and tropical field populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Baker ◽  
R. J. Cooter ◽  
P. M. Chang ◽  
H. B. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Range Migration ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

AbstractThe duration of flight by Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) of tropical origin from field and laboratory populations was studied. Field insects (from the third generation on rice) flew longer and more readily than laboratorybred insects. The longest recorded flight, of 10·75 h, was by a female from the field. Laboratory-reared insects performed poorly even after only one generation in the laboratory. Flights that were started in the morning lasted longer than those started in the afternoon. Lift production varied between individuals and during a continuous flight. Individuals flying for over 150 min tended to produce more lift for a longer proportion of the flight than those flying for less than 10 min. The pattern of lift production appeared to be similar in successive flights, except in those following very long flights when the insect appeared to be exhausted. There was no tendency for the first flight to be the longest. Up to 28% loss of body weight was recorded (in a flight lasting 512 min) during flight. The results indicate that individuals from tropical field populations of N. lugens have the capacity for long range migration.

scholarly journals Knockdown of TRPV Genes Affects the Locomotion and Feeding Behavior of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Zhu ◽  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Kunmiao Zhu ◽  
Hanyu Zhou ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Sap

Abstract The vanilloid-type transient receptor potential (TRPV) channel is reported to be the molecular target of the commercial insecticide pymetrozine, which specifically disrupts the feeding of plant sap-sucking insects. However, the functions of TRPV channels in plant sap-sucking insects have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, RNA interference was used to investigate the effects of the knockdown of TRPV genes (Nan and Iav) on the mortality, locomotion, and feeding behavior of an important plant-feeding insect pest in rice, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Injecting dsRNA of Nan and Iav into fourth-instar nymphs significantly knocked down the target genes. The injection of dsNan or dsIav did not affect any morphological phenotype (including leg extension) of N. lugens nymphs and adults. Knockdown of Nan or Iav resulted in significantly decreased climbing activity against top plants but did not influence the leg-griping strength of adults. Knockdown of Nan resulted in a significantly elevated mortality of N. lugens in the observation period of 7 d after injection, whereas no significant difference in survival rates 7 d after injection was found between dsIav-injected and dsGFP-injected insects. Electropenetrographic (EPG) recordings indicated that knockdown of Nan and Iav reduced the ingestion activity in the rice phloem tissues of N. lugens. Knockdown of Nan and Iav significantly reduced the amount of honeydew excreted by N. lugens. Our findings indicated a relationship between TRPV and N. lugens locomotion and feeding behavior, which may help to fully elucidate the functions of TRPV in insects.

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