scholarly journals Exploration-related strategy mediates negative coupling between decision-making performance and psychiatric symptoms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Suzuki ◽  
Yuichi Yamashita ◽  
Kentaro Katahira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Negative Coupling ◽  
High Comorbidity ◽  
Model Based Analysis

AbstractVarious psychiatric symptoms are often accompanied by impairments in decision-making. Given the high comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, symptoms that specifically couple with the impairment remain unidentified. The computations involved in decision-making that mediate the coupling are also elusive. Here, we conducted an online experiment with healthy individuals (n=939), participating in a decision-making task and completing questionnaires about psychiatric symptoms. The questionnaire data identified two dimensions underlying various symptoms: the first is mainly associated with obsessive-compulsive traits whereas the second is associated with depression and anxiety. Furthermore, by model-based analysis, we found only the first dimension was negatively correlated with the overall performance of the decision-making task, and the negative correlation was mediated by choice stochasticity (random exploration) and propensity to choose options previously unchosen. Given that the preference for previously unchosen options can reflect uncertainty-driven exploration, our findings highlight a key role of exploration-related strategies in psychiatric deficits of decision-making.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological And Psychopathological Profile Of Anti-Nmdar Encephalitis: A Possible Pathophysiological Model For Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1309-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cainelli ◽  
Margherita Nosadini ◽  
Stefano Sartori ◽  
Agnese Suppiej
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Abstract Objective Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe, but treatable, autoimmune disorder, characterized by autoantibodies causing hypofunction of blocking NMDA receptors leading to a unique constellation of cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms. Neuropsychological and psychopathological outcome has not been fully explored, particularly in children. Aim of this study was to investigate pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis as a model of impairment of the complex frontal-subcortical circuits who are implicated in several of the childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Method Seven children diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at our department underwent an evaluation of the global mental functioning before discharge, a neuropsychological and psychological/behavioral standardized examination within one month after discharge and subsequently were followed up longitudinally for mean 35 months (range 24–48 months). Collected neuropsychological data were evaluated retrospectively. Results Deficits in attention, executive functions and/or visual motor functions involving executive functions were seen in all children within one month after discharge. These deficits were long lasting in about a half of the patients. In addition, four patients developed persistent psychopathological dysfunctions: difficulties to regulate their own behavior, impulsivity, hyperactivity, irritability, apathy, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusions Our data are in line with research suggesting a crucial role of the executive functions impairments in cognitive outcome disturbance of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We found also behavioral and psychological deficits pointing to a more comprehensive framework of frontal-subcortical dysfunction, in which the NMDA mediated transmission appear to have a role, as suggested by neurobiological, pharmacological, and neuroimaging studies.

scholarly journals A model-based analysis of decision making under risk in obsessive-compulsive and hoarding disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J. Aranovich ◽  
Daniel R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Mark A. Pitt ◽  
Jay I. Myung ◽  
Carol A. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Analysis

scholarly journals PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA PADA BADAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Teresia Rani Pabetta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Training

The main focus of the research includes a leadership role in improving the performance of the Civil Apparatus in Education and Training Body Kutai Timur Regency. Based on the results of the study showed that the three functions of leadership are functions that are interpersonal, role of informational, as well as the role of decision-making in general is already done by the Board of Education and Training of the Middle Kutai Regency, is indicated from various programs and activities already performed and the achievements of employees in realizing all rights and their functions in the body, so it is also an impact on improving the overall performance of the institution .

scholarly journals FUNGSI KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DI BAGIAN HUMAS DAN PROTOKOL SEKRETARIAT KABUPATEN KUTAI TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
. Rosma
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Civil State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This article aim to describe and analyze the leadership function in improving the performance of Civil state Apparatus in Public Relations Division and Secretariat Protocol of East Kutai Regency. The type of research is descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of the research indicates that the three roles of leadership are interpersonal roles, roles that are informational, and the role of decision-making in general has been done well by the leadership of Public Relations Division and Secretariat Protocol of East Kutai Regency. This is incicated from some programs and activities that has been done and the achievements achieved by employees in carrying out their duties and functions within the institution, so this also effect the improvement of the overall performance of the institution.Keyword : Leadership, Achievement

The centennial lesson of encephalitis lethargica

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Lutters ◽  
Paul Foley ◽  
Peter J. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
Compulsive Behavior ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Postencephalitic Parkinsonism

We commemorate the centenary of Constantin von Economo's description of encephalitis lethargica, a mysterious disease that had a significant effect on 20th-century neuroscience. In the acute phase, encephalitis lethargica was marked by intractable somnolence, which von Economo attributed to lesions in the diencephalon, thereby paving the way for future efforts to localize the regulation of sleep in the subcortical brain. At the same time, neuropathologic findings in postencephalitic parkinsonism affirmed the role of the substantia nigra in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism. The occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in patients with encephalitis lethargica—such as mood disorders, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and bradyphrenia—drew attention to the organic basis of mental illness.

scholarly journals Insights into the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Symptoms in Central Nervous System Disorders: Implications for Early and Differential Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4440
Author(s):  
Giulia Menculini ◽  
Elena Chipi ◽  
Federico Paolini Paoletti ◽  
Lorenzo Gaetani ◽  
Pasquale Nigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Brain Circuits

Different psychopathological manifestations, such as affective, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and impulse control disturbances, may occur in most central nervous system (CNS) disorders including neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Psychiatric symptoms often represent the clinical onset of such disorders, thus potentially leading to misdiagnosis, delay in treatment, and a worse outcome. In this review, psychiatric symptoms observed along the course of several neurological diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, fronto-temporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, are discussed, as well as the involved brain circuits and molecular/synaptic alterations. Special attention has been paid to the emerging role of fluid biomarkers in early detection of these neurodegenerative diseases. The frequent occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in neurological diseases, even as the first clinical manifestations, should prompt neurologists and psychiatrists to share a common clinico-biological background and a coordinated diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals The medicine selection process in four large university hospitals in Brazil: Does the DTC have a role?

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Elisangela da Costa Lima-Dellamora ◽  
Rosangela Caetano ◽  
Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Drug And Therapeutics Committee ◽  
Based Medicine

Knowledge about evidence-based medicine selection and the role of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) is an important topic in the literature but is scarcely discussed in Brazil. Our objective, using a qualitative design, was to analyze the medicine selection process performed in four large university hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Information was collected from documents, interviews with key informants and direct observations. Two dimensions were analyzed: the structural and organizational aspects of the selection process and the criteria and methods used in medicine selection. The findings showed that the DTC was active in two hospitals. The structure for decision-making was weak. DTC members had little experience in evidence-based selection, and their everyday functions did not influence their participation in DTC activities. The methods used to evaluate evidence were inadequate. The uncritical adoption of new medicines in these complex hospital facilities may be hampering pharmaceutical services, with consequences for the entire health system. Although the qualitative approach considerably limits the extent to which the results can be extrapolated, we believe that our findings may be relevant to other university hospitals in the country.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in patients receiving interferon-alpha: The role of illness perceptions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1405-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay Hepgul ◽  
Carmine M Pariante ◽  
Sara Baraldi ◽  
Alessandra Borsini ◽  
Chiara Bufalino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Alpha ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Interferon Alpha Therapy ◽  
Emotional Representation ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
To Receive

Development of psychiatric symptoms during interferon-alpha therapy may be influenced by psychological factors. We examined illness perceptions using the Revised Illness Perceptions Questionnaire in 55 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, due to receive interferon-alpha. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the development of symptoms. Negative identity, consequences and emotional representation beliefs were significantly associated with both higher depression and anxiety scores. Negative illness perceptions play a predictive role in the development of interferon-alpha-induced psychiatric symptoms.

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