scholarly journals Prevalence and genotyping of Trichomonas gallinae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Fahad Albeshr ◽  
Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Trichomonas Gallinae ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
First Time ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Abstract Trichomonas gallinae is a single-celled protozoan parasite and causative agent of trichomonosis. Trichomonosis is a disease with a worldwide distribution, and has recently been highlighted as a pandemic threat to several wild bird species. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and genotypic diversity of Trichomonas gallinae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 273 oral swab samples from birds were collected and tested for T. gallinae infection, and the overall prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in these samples was 26.4% (72 of 273). We compared the rates of infections with T. gallinae between wild and domestic pigeons and found that the infection was significantly higher in domestic pigeons; a finding which should be considered by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture of Saudi Arabia when evaluating the role of poultry markets in the transmission of trichomonosis. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated genetic variation in these parasite strains, as found in the samples collected. Among 48 sequences 15 different ribotypes were found, 12 of which were novel, and 3 of which were previously-described ribotypes: ribotype A, C, and II. This study demonstrates the diversity of T. gallinae strains in Saudi Arabian birds for the first time, and revealed that ribotypes A and C are predominant among Riyadh birds.

scholarly journals A study of oropharyngeal parasites infection in doves and domestic pigeons in some villages of Garmian -Iraqi Kurdistan region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulkareem Wahhab ◽  
Nawzad Rasheed Abdulrahman ◽  
Shahnaz Abel-Kader Ali
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Trichomonas Gallinae ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

The  present study  was  performed in Garmian area-Iraqi Kurdistan Region on doves and domestic pigeons (Columbids) which were collected during the period from the1st of December 2015 to 30th April 2016 to study the naturally occurring of oropharyngeal parasites and their prevalence rates of infections. The wet samples were swabbed from oral cavity and pharyngeal region of all birds, and then screened by wet mount searching for parasites. The results of the current study revealed that only one species of protozoan parasite was identified which was Trichomonas gallinae. The results also showed that the total prevalence rate of infection from the total number of examined birds (249) was 54 (21.69%). Out of the 142 doves (63 males and 79 females) and 107 domestic pigeons (62 males and 45 females) examined, 29 (20.42%) doves [13 (20.63%) males and 16 (20.25%) females)] and 25 (23.36%) domestic pigeons [15 (24.19%) males and 10 (22.22%) females) were infected with T.  gallinae protozoon parasite.    In  the  present study it was found that the two examined bird species were infected with this protozoon and there was a gradual rise in prevalence of infection from beginning to end of the study. Small variations in the prevalence rate of T. gallinae infection between doves (20.42%) and domestic pigeons (23.36%) were observed but this variation not reached to the level of statistical significance (P >0.05). It is worthy to note that in all of the infected birds in the study Trichomoniasis occurred without observation of any apparent secondary diseases or signs. In conclusion Trichomoniasis is less common in urban doves and domestic pigeons in Garmian area, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Further research is suggested in relation to protozoan parasite in other bird species in a study will be conducted in all months of the year to find the reasons which affect the prevalence rate of infection and to estimate the parasite-host relationship.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Isolated from Sheep and Goats in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Mashael A. Al-Damigh ◽  
Isra M. Al-Turaiki ◽  
Manal F. El-Khadragy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Time ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Sarcocystosis is induced by species of Sarcocystis, which is an intracellular protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. The diversity and importance of Sarcocystis species in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are poorly understood. In this study, the tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles were collected from 230 sheep and 84 goats, and the tissues were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis species by macroscopic examination and light microscopy. Microscopic Sarcocystis species cysts were found in both sheep and goats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed S. tenella in sheep and S. capracanis in goats. Sarcocystis species were confirmed for the first time in Saudi Arabian sheep and goats by molecular testing. S. capracanis was most closely related to S. tenella, with the COX1 sequences sharing 91.7% identity. A phylogenetic analysis produced similar results and indicated that the Sarcocystis isolates were within a group of Sarcocystis species in which dogs were the final host. Finally, the Sarcocystis species cysts from sheep and goats could be grouped together, indicating that they were strongly related.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology ofToxoplasma gondiiamongst Pregnant Women in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Aqeely ◽  
Eman K. El-Gayar ◽  
Darakhshan Perveen Khan ◽  
Abdullah Najmi ◽  
Ayesha Alvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of worldwide distribution. There is limited information about the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the southern area of Saudi Arabia. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence ofT. gondiiin pregnant women in Jazan province.Materials and Methods.The study was conducted between January and June 2013 and included 195 pregnant women, data on sociodemographic and predisposing factors were collected from each participant. Venous blood samples were collected following standard operating procedures. Serological analysis for latent toxoplasmosis (levels of IgG) and active toxoplasmosis (IgM) was done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results.The overall seroprevalence ofT. gondiiin the study area was 24.1%. The seroprevalence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG was 20% (39 out of 195), whereas IgM seropositivity was 6.2% (12 out of 195). Only 4 pregnant women tested positive for both IgG and IgM. The highest IgG and IgM seroprevalence was among the study participants aged 35 to 39 years (13.5% and 35.1%, resp.). The seropositivity rate ofT. gondii-specific antibodies was higher among pregnant women from the urban areas than those from rural communities (7.4% versus 0% and 21% versus 15.4% for IgM and IgG, resp.).Conclusions.The seroprevalence ofT. gondiiwas high in pregnant woman in Jazan. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis increases with increase of age. Awareness health education program in Jazan needs to be maintained and developed to targeted pregnant women.

A Nabatean port on the Red Sea: note on the pottery finds from al-Qusayr (al-Wajh, Saudi Arabia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Durand
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
First Time

Al-Qusayr is located 40 km south of modern al-Wajh, roughly 7 km from the eastern Red Sea shore. This site is known since the mid-19th century, when the explorer R. Burton described it for the first time, in particular the remains of a monumental building so-called al-Qasr. In March 2016, a new survey of the site was undertaken by the al-‘Ula–al-Wajh Survey Project. This survey focused not only on al-Qasr but also on the surrounding site corresponding to the ancient settlement. A surface collection of pottery sherds revealed a striking combination of Mediterranean and Egyptian imports on one hand, and of Nabataean productions on the other hand. This material is particularly homogeneous on the chronological point of view, suggesting a rather limited occupation period for the site. Attesting contacts between Mediterranean merchants, Roman Egypt and the Nabataean kingdom, these new data allow a complete reassessment of the importance of this locality in the Red Sea trade routes during antiquity.

scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens of Dogs and Cats in Two Regions of Saudi Arabia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S. Alyousif ◽  
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani ◽  
Hend H. A. M. Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Babesia Vogeli ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

Dogs and cats play an important role as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens, yet reports of canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Blood samples were collected from 188 free-roaming dogs and cats in Asir (70 dogs and 44 cats) and Riyadh (74 dogs), Saudi Arabia. The presence of Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., hemotropic Mycoplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Hepatozoon spp. was detected using a multiplex tandem real-time PCR. PCR-positive samples were further examined with specific conventional and real-time PCR followed by sequencing. Dogs from Riyadh tested negative for all pathogens, while 46 out of 70 dogs (65.7%) and 17 out of 44 cats (38.6%) from Asir were positive for at least one pathogen. Positive dogs were infected with Anaplasma platys (57.1%), Babesia vogeli (30%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (15.7%), and Bartonella henselae (1.4%), and cats were infected with Mycoplasma haemofelis (13.6%), Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum (13.6%), B. henselae (9.2%), and A. platys (2.27%), all of which are reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Co-infection with A. platys and B. vogeli was detected in 17 dogs (24.28%), while coinfections were not detected in cats. These results suggest that effective control and public awareness strategies for minimizing infection in animals are necessary.

scholarly journals Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) survivorship following the ingestion of bird blood infected with Haemoproteus sp. parasites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayvion R. Adams ◽  
Andrew J. Golnar ◽  
Sarah A. Hamer ◽  
Michel A. Slotman ◽  
Gabriel L. Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cardinalis Cardinalis ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Negative Controls

AbstractArthropod vectors are frequently exposed to a diverse assemblage of parasites, but the consequence of these infections on their biology and behavior are poorly understood. We experimentally evaluated whether the ingestion of a common protozoan parasite of avian hosts (Haemoproteus spp.; Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) impacted the survivorship of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae). Blood was collected from wild northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) in College Station, Texas, and screened for the presence of Haemoproteus spp. parasites using microscopic and molecular methods. Experimental groups of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were offered Haemoproteus-positive cardinal blood through an artificial feeding apparatus, while control groups received Haemoproteus-negative cardinal blood or domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) blood. Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes exposed to Haemoproteus infected cardinal blood survived significantly fewer days than mosquitoes that ingested Haemoproteus-negative cardinal blood. The survival of mosquitoes fed on positive cardinal blood had a median survival time of 18 days post-exposure and the survival of mosquitoes fed on negative cardinal blood exceeded 50% across the 30 day observation period. Additionally, mosquitoes that fed on canary controls survived significantly fewer days than cardinal negative controls, with canary control mosquitoes having a median survival time of 17 days. This study further supports prior observations that Haemoproteus parasites can be pathogenic to bird-biting mosquitoes, and suggests that Haemoproteus parasites may indirectly suppress the transmission of co-circulating vector-borne pathogens by modulating vector survivorship. Our results also suggest that even in the absence of parasite infection, bloodmeals from different bird species can influence mosquito survivorship.

The revised Permian genus Dagmarita Reitlinger, 1965 (Dagmaritinae, Foraminifera) and its phylogenetic relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
Valerio Gennari ◽  
Roberto Rettori
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
3D Reconstructions ◽  
Nw Iran ◽  
Smaller Foraminifers ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
First Time

AbstractAmong Permian smaller foraminifers, the genus Dagmarita is one of the most studied due to its worldwide distribution. The detailed study of the Zal (NW Iran) and Abadeh (Central Iran) stratigraphic sections led to redescription of the genus Dagmarita and its taxonomic composition. In Dagmarita, a peculiar generic morphological character, represented by a secondary valvular projection, has been detected for the first time among globivalvulinid foraminifers. The phylogeny of Dagmarita, and in particular its ancestor Sengoerina, is discussed and the new species, D. ghorbanii n. sp. and D. zalensis n. sp., are introduced. Analogies and differences among all the species belonging to Dagmarita are highlighted and morphological features of the new taxa are shown in 3D reconstructions, useful for understanding differently oriented sections of the specimens in thin section.UUID: http://zoobank.org/3d8eb14c-7757-4cbd-877c-4bacd2d156da

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Feather mites (Acari, Astigmata) associated with birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Northeastern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Silva ◽  
FA Hernandes ◽  
M Pichorim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Feather Mites ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe present study reports associations between feather mites (Astigmata) and birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil. In the laboratory, mites were collected through visual examination of freshly killed birds. Overall, 172 individuals from 38 bird species were examined, between October 2011 and July 2012. The prevalence of feather mites was 80.8%, corresponding to 139 infested individuals distributed into 30 species and 15 families of hosts. Fifteen feather mite taxa could be identified to the species level, sixteen to the genus level and three to the subfamily level, distributed into the families Analgidae, Proctophyllodidae, Psoroptoididae, Pteronyssidae, Xolalgidae, Trouessartiidae, Falculiferidae and Gabuciniidae. Hitherto unknown associations between feather mites and birds were recorded for eleven taxa identified to the species level, and nine taxa were recorded for the first time in Brazil. The number of new geographic records, as well as the hitherto unknown mite-host associations, supports the high estimates of diversity for feather mites of Brazil and show the need for research to increase knowledge of plumicole mites in the Neotropical region.

Towards a monophyletic classification of Lejeuneaceae III: the systematic position of Leiolejeunea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFONS SCHÄFER-VERWIMP ◽  
KATHRIN FELDBERG ◽  
SHANSHAN DONG ◽  
HUUB VAN MELICK ◽  
DENILSON F. PERALTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Oil Bodies ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
First Time

The derived liverwort Leiolejeunea grandiflora was recollected at the type locality in Jamaica after more than 100 years. The characteristics of its oil bodies were described for the first time based on the new collections. Each leaf cell possesses 2-4(-6) rather small, subhomogeneous to very finely segmented, subglobose to ellipsoidal, colorless oil bodies. The plants were either dioicous or autoicous. DNA sequences of two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF, rbcL) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region were obtained for two accessions of Leiolejeunea to enable the inference of the phylogenetic relationships of these plants. Based on Bayesian inference of phylogeny as well as maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of a dataset including 87 representatives of Lejeuneaceae, Leiolejeunea was found as the putative sister to either Echinolejeuneinae or Cheilolejeuneinae. Thus, we propose the new monogeneric subtribe Leiolejeuneinae with relationships to Cheilolejeuneinae and Echinolejeuneinae. The analyses included also one accession of the generitype of Cheilolejeunea, C. decidua [= Cheilolejeunea adnata]. This species was found in a well supported sister relationship with Cystolejeunea. To avoid nomenclatural confusion, we propose a wide genus concept for Cheilolejeunea including Aureolejeunea, Cyrtolejeunea, Cystolejeunea, Evansiolejeunea, Leucolejeunea, and Omphalanthus.

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