scholarly journals Action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn E. Wokke ◽  
Dalila Achoui ◽  
Axel Cleeremans
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

AbstractMonitoring and control of our decision process are key ingredients of adept decision-making. Such metacognitive abilities allow us to adjust ongoing behavior and modify future decisions in the absence of external feedback. Although metacognition is critical in many daily life settings, it remains unclear what information is actually being monitored and what kind of information is being used for metacognitive decisions. In the present study, we investigated whether response information connected to perceptual events contribute to metacognitive decision-making. Therefore, we recorded EEG signals during a perceptual color discrimination task while participants were asked to provide an estimate about the quality of their decision on each trial. Critically, the moment participants provided second-order decisions varied across conditions, thereby changing the amount of action information (e.g., response competition or response fluency) available for metacognitive decisions.Results from three experiments demonstrate that metacognitive performance improved when first-order action information was available at the moment metacognitive decisions about the perceptual task had to be provided. This behavioral effect was accompanied by enhanced functional connectivity (beta phase synchrony) between motor areas and prefrontal regions, exclusively observed during metacognitive decision-making. Our findings demonstrate that action information contributes to metacognitive decision-making, thereby painting a picture of metacognition as a second-order process, integrating sensory evidence and the state of the decider during decision-making.SignificanceMonitoring and control of our decision process is a critical part of every day decision-making. When feedback is not available, metacognitive skills enable us to modify current behavior and adapt prospective decision-making. Here, we investigated what kind information is being used to compute an estimate about the quality of our decisions. Results demonstrate that during perceptual decision-making, information about one’s actions towards perceptual events is being used to evaluate the quality of one’s decisions. EEG results indicate that functional connectivity between motor regions and prefrontal cortex could serve as a mechanism to convey action information during metacognitive decision-making. Considered together, our results demonstrate that post-decisional information contributes to metacognition, thereby evaluating not only what one perceives (e.g., strength of perceptual evidence) but also how one responds towards perceptual events.

scholarly journals Datos abiertos: Oportunidades para empresas [Open Data: Opportunities for enterprises]

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Andrea Rodríguez Rojas ◽  
Giovanny Mauricio Tarazona Bermúdez ◽  
Carlos Enrique Montenegro Marín
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control ◽  
Datos Abiertos

La reutilización de la información del sector público se presenta como una oportunidad para que los ciudadanos y las empresas contribuyan a la toma de decisiones, el seguimiento y control de las instituciones públicas y a mejorar la calidad de vida. Este documento presenta las generalidades de los datos abiertos, el marco legal y las iniciativas existentes en Colombia. A pesar que los datos abiertos son considerados una herramienta poderosa para que los ciudadanos tengan acceso a la información recopilada por el gobierno y participen en la toma de decisiones, Colombia ha dado pequeños pasos y todavía tiene un largo camino por recorrer.Palabras Claves: Datos abiertos, Información, Reutilización, toma de decisionesThe re-use of public sector information is presented as an opportunity for citizens and businesses to contribute to decision-making, monitoring and control of public institutions and improve the quality of life. This paper presents an overview of open data, the legal framework and existing initiatives in Colombia. Although open data are considered a powerful tool for citizens to have access to information collected by the government and participate in decision-making, Colombia has taken small steps and still has a long way to goKeywords: Open Data, Information, Reuse, decision making

Individual Differences in Decision Making Depend on Cognitive Abilities, Monitoring and Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Jackson ◽  
Sabina Kleitman ◽  
Lazar Stankov ◽  
Pauline Howie
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Monitoring and Control System of Discomfort in Disability, Bed Rest People and Surgical Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
M.A.F. Carvalho ◽  
F.B.N. Ferreira ◽  
H. Carvalho ◽  
José Gerardo Rocha ◽  
L.B. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bed Rest ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
The People ◽  
Welfare Quality ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
And Control

Project aims to develop a system that allows to provide to the People with Special Needs (PSN) a relief to the level of the sensitive perception of discomfort, assuring greater independence, welfare, quality of life, prevention of illnesses/wounds, through the development of textile and polymers applications (cushions, mattresses and mattresses overlays) with functions of monitoring and control of pressure in the body's areas in contact with the support surfaces. In this group of PSN will be enclosed the people with serious motor limitations conditioning their mobility/deambulation, such as bed rest people, patients under effect of sedatives or anaesthesia during long surgeries (intra and post operative), patients and users in general of wheelchairs. These people have, for the most part of the cases, a commitment of sensitivity in the body's areas in contact with the support surfaces, or its motor capacity does not allow them to move regularly of position autonomously, as it would do a healthy person unconsciously. Then, insufficient sanguineous irrigation occurs as result of pressure exceeding too long the tissue capillary pressure depriving tissues of oxygen and essential nutrients, owing to ischemia and hypoxia, which then causes the pressure ulcers (PU) development.

scholarly journals Making up your mind: Enhanced perceptual decision-making induced by stochastic resonance during non-invasive brain stimulation: Stochastic resonance in perceptual decision-making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onno van der Groen ◽  
Matthew F. Tang ◽  
Nicole Wenderoth ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Neural Noise ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary:Perceptual decision-making relies on the gradual accumulation of noisy sensory evidence until a specified boundary is reached and an appropriate response is made. It might be assumed that adding noise to a stimulus, or to the neural systems involved in its processing, would interfere with the decision process. But it has been suggested that adding an optimal amount of noise can, under appropriate conditions, enhance the quality of subthreshold signals in nonlinear systems, a phenomenon known as stochastic resonance. Here we asked whether perceptual decisions obey these stochastic resonance principles by adding noise directly to the visual cortex using transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) while participants judged the direction of motion in foveally presented random-dot motion arrays. Consistent with the stochastic resonance account, we found that adding tRNS bilaterally to visual cortex enhanced decision-making when stimuli were just below, but not well below or above, perceptual threshold. We modelled the data under a drift diffusion framework to isolate the specific components of the multi-stage decision process that were influenced by the addition of neural noise. This modelling showed that tRNS increased drift rate, which indexes the rate of evidence accumulation, but had no effect on bound separation or non-decision time. These results were specific to bilateral stimulation of visual cortex; control experiments involving unilateral stimulation of left and right visual areas showed no influence of random noise stimulation. Our study is the first to provide causal evidence that perceptual decision-making is susceptible to a stochastic resonance effect induced by tRNS, and that this effect arises from selective enhancement of the rate of evidence accumulation for sub-threshold sensory events.

scholarly journals Methodology for analysing the quality of the vulnerability validation mechanism in the corporate networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Kyrychok ◽  
◽  
G. V. Shuklin
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Bernstein Polynomials ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Corporate Networks ◽  
Corporate Network ◽  
Single Integral ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
And Control

The article considers the problem of determining and assessing the quality of the vulnerability validation mechanism of the information systems and networks. Based on the practical analysis of the vulnerability validation process and the analytical dependencies of the basic characteristics of the vulnerability validation quality obtained using the Bernstein polynomials, additional key indicators were identified and characterised, which make it possible to assert with high reliability about the positive progress or consequences of the vulnerability validation of the target corporate network. The intervals of these indicators were experimentally determined at which the vulnerability validation mechanism is of high quality. In addition, during the calculations, a single integral indicator was also derived to quantitatively assess the quality of the vulnerability validation mechanism of the corporate networks, and an experimental study was carried out, as well as the assessment of the quality of the automatic vulnerability validation mechanism of the db_autopwn plugin designed to automate the Metasploit framework vulnerability exploitation tool. As a result, it was proposed the methodology for analysing the quality of the vulnerability validation mechanism in the corporate networks, which allows one to quantify the quality of the validation mechanism under study, which in turn will allow real-time monitoring and control of the validation progress of the identified vulnerabilities. Also, in the study, the dependences of previously determined key performance indicators of the vulnerability validation mechanism on the rational cycle time were obtained, which makes it possible to build the membership functions for the fuzzy sets. The construction of these sets, in particular, allows making decisions with minimal risks for an active analysis of the security of corporate networks.

scholarly journals Smart Monitoring and Control in the Future Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Franco Cicirelli ◽  
Antonio Guerrieri ◽  
Andrea Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) and related technologies are promising in terms of realizing pervasive and smart applications, which, in turn, have the potential to improve the quality of life of people living in a connected world [...]

scholarly journals International Migration Decision-Making: The Peculiar Case of New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aidan Tabor
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peculiar Case

<p>New Zealand is a peculiar case because it has both high immigration (roughly 23% born abroad) and high emigration (24% of highly skilled New Zealanders live overseas). Within this context, the purpose of this research is to a) examine why some people selfselect to migrate internationally and others do not, b) explore how people make a decision to leave their country of origin, c) investigate how they select a destination, and d) consider how insights learned can contribute to Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) theory of how decisions are made in the real world. In the first study, three of the largest immigrant source countries were selected for inclusion: United Kingdom/Ireland (with higher wages than New Zealand), South Africa (similar wages), and India (lower wages). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 20 pre-departure and 26 post-arrival migrants to New Zealand. A thematic analysis was conducted separately for each country’s data, resulting in a total of 1564 coded extracts in 43 themes and subthemes. The findings support the view that the migration decision process contains three decisions: whether to go, where to go and when to go. Regarding the question of whether to go, Indian and British participants had very similar reasons for leaving their country of origin: lifestyle and work/life balance, opportunities for work and children, and environment. South Africans were overwhelmingly concerned with quality of life, particularly safety. New Zealand was selected as a destination of choice due to quality of life, climate, accessibility of nature, cultural similarity, career opportunities, visa process transparency and the perception that migrants were wanted. On the question of when to go, unlike much of the decision-making in the research literature, this decision process was a negotiation between partners that occurred over a long period of time, quite often years. The second study explored individual differences, such as personality characteristics, in the international mobility intentions of New Zealanders. In a sample of 205 adults born and currently living in New Zealand, 38.5% were planning to move abroad. Using logistical regression techniques, it was found that higher persistence, openness to experience, extraversion, and promotion focus all increased the chances that a participant was planning departure. Higher agreeableness and conscientiousness lowered the odds of a move. Gender moderated the relationship between sensation seeking and intention to migrate, with women’s decision being influenced to a greater extent than men’s by sensation seeking. Also, gender moderated the relationship between emotional stability and intention to migrate, as men who were lower in emotional stability were more likely to leave. The implications from this research include the following NDM-based assumptions: migration decision-making is a process driven by individual differences, occurs over time, has multiple decision-makers, exists within a social (family) context, has real consequences for the parties involved, is bound by cultural norms, takes place in a dynamically-changing environment (including immigration policy changes, life-stage, family health and resources changes), and is the expression of goals that may change during the process.</p>

Construction of Educational Quality Evaluation Index System Based on Project Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Yuan Dong ◽  
ShiLun Zhang ◽  
YuanLin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
And Control

Project management is a sub-discipline of management. Using specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods in project activities enables the project to meet or exceed set requirements and desired processes under limited resource constraints. Project management is the overall monitoring and control of activities that are successful in achieving a range of goals. This includes planning, scheduling, and maintaining the progress of the activities that make up the project. A project is a one-time task that needs to be completed within a defined resource and within a limited time. Specifically, it can be a project, a service, a research topic, and an activity. Project management education reflects the characteristics of education and can better solve the problem of the quality of education personnel training and the needs of social talents. Project management education is an inevitable choice for reform.

Pragmatic Correlations of Quality-of-Experience and Quality-of-Service in IMS-Based IPTV Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu-Huong Truong ◽  
Nguyen Huu Thanh ◽  
Nguyen Tai Hung
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Qos Parameters ◽  
Service Mapping ◽  
Streaming Service ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multiple Qos

To let the service system react quickly on customers’ perception or user experience while using the service, mapping functions between Quality of Experience (QoE) and Quality of Service (QoS) are strongly required in purpose of building up an intelligent QoE control system upon adjusting QoS parameters. This article studies the changing behavior of QoE with respect to changes of QoS parameters in the context of video streaming service in an IP Multimedia Subsystem-based IP Television network (IMS-based IPTV network). The article is, in fact, an extended version of the paper published by the same authors (Thu-Huong Truong, 2012). In (Thu-Huong Truong, 2012), the authors studied QoE in both terms of Mean Opinion Scores and VQM as functions of each single QoS parameter such as: loss, jitter, and delay. In this extended content, the correlation between QoE and multiple QoS parameters will be introduced. The QoE-QoS correlation could be a significant first step to build a smart QoE monitoring and control mechanism as an added value to promote the IMS-based IPTV network.

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