scholarly journals Postnatal development of skeletal muscle in IUGR pigs: morphofunctional phenotype and molecular mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Pereira ◽  
F. Felicioni ◽  
A.L. Caldeira-Brant ◽  
D. Magnabosco ◽  
F.P. Bortolozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Semitendinosus Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Myogenesis

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a serious condition which impairs the achievement of the fetus full growth potential and occurs in a natural and severe manner in pigs. Knowledge on skeletal muscle morphofunctional phenotype and its molecular regulation in IUGR pigs is important to understand postnatal muscle development and may help the establishment of therapies to improve skeletal muscle growth in those individuals. To investigate the impairment of skeletal muscle postnatal development due to IUGR, we evaluated the histomorphometrical pattern of the semitendinosus muscle, the Myosin Heavy Chain (embryonic, I, IIa, IIb and IIx MyHC) fiber composition and the relative expression of genes related to myogenesis, adipogenesis and growth during three specific periods: postnatal myogenesis (newborn to 100 days of age), postnatal development (newborn to 150 days of age), and hypertrophy (100 days to 150 days of age), comparing IUGR and normal birth weight (NW) pigs. Growth restriction in utero affected muscle fiber diameter, total fiber number and muscle cross sectional area which were smaller in IUGR pigs at birth (P < 0.05). Even though the percentage of MyHC-I myofibers was higher in IUGR females at birth (P < 0.05), in older gilts, a lower percentage of MyHC-IIx isoform (P < 0.05) and the presence of emb-MyHC were also observed in that experimental group. Regarding the pattern of gene expression in the postnatal myogenesis period, growth restriction in utero led to a down regulation of myogenic factors, which delayed the expression of signals that induces skeletal muscle myogenesis (PAX7, MYOD, MYOG, MYF5 and DES). Taken together, the muscle morphofunctional aspects described and their ontogenetic regulation define the possible molecular origins of the notorious damage to the postnatal musculature development in IUGR pigs.

Postnatal development of skeletal muscle in pigs with intrauterine growth restriction: morphofunctional phenotype and molecular mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Felicioni ◽  
Andreia D. Pereira ◽  
Andre L. Caldeira‐Brant ◽  
Thais G. Santos ◽  
Thais M. D. Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie ◽  
T.B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

scholarly journals Altered miRNA and mRNA Expression in Sika Deer Skeletal Muscle with Age

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Boyin Jia ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Qining Li ◽  
Jiali Zhang ◽  
Chenxia Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Development And Aging

Studies of the gene and miRNA expression profiles associated with the postnatal late growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle are lacking in sika deer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of the growth and development of sika deer skeletal muscle, we used de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) analyses to determine the differentially expressed (DE) unigenes and miRNAs from skeletal muscle tissues at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years in sika deer. A total of 51,716 unigenes, 171 known miRNAs, and 60 novel miRNAs were identified based on four mRNA and small RNA libraries. A total of 2,044 unigenes and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adolescence and juvenile sika deer, 1,946 unigenes and 4 miRNAs were differentially expressed between adult and adolescent sika deer, and 2,209 unigenes and 1 miRNAs were differentially expressed between aged and adult sika deer. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that DE unigenes and miRNA were mainly related to energy and substance metabolism, processes that are closely associate with the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. We also constructed mRNA–mRNA and miRNA–mRNA interaction networks related to the growth, development, and aging of skeletal muscle. The results show that mRNA (Myh1, Myh2, Myh7, ACTN3, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-133c, miR-192, miR-151-3p, etc.) may play important roles in muscle growth and development, and mRNA (WWP1, DEK, UCP3, FUS, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-378b, miR-199a-5p, miR-7, etc.) may have key roles in muscle aging. In this study, we determined the dynamic miRNA and unigenes transcriptome in muscle tissue for the first time in sika deer. The age-dependent miRNAs and unigenes identified will offer insights into the molecular mechanism underlying muscle development, growth, and maintenance and will also provide valuable information for sika deer genetic breeding.

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs, Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Development and Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Nie ◽  
Zhong-Liang Deng ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Da-Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Systematic Understanding

A healthy and independent life requires skeletal muscles to maintain optimal function throughout the lifespan, which is in turn dependent on efficient activation of processes that regulate muscle development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Thus, identifying mechanisms that modulate these processes is of crucial priority. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as a class of previously unrecognized transcripts whose importance in a wide range of biological processes and human disease is only starting to be appreciated. In this review, we summarize the roles of recently identified miRNAs and lncRNAs during skeletal muscle development and pathophysiology. We also discuss several molecular mechanisms of these noncoding RNAs. Undoubtedly, further systematic understanding of these noncoding RNAs’ functions and mechanisms will not only greatly expand our knowledge of basic skeletal muscle biology, but also significantly facilitate the development of therapies for various muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophies, cachexia, and sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Extensive alternative splicing transitions during postnatal skeletal muscle development are required for calcium handling functions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Brinegar ◽  
Zheng Xia ◽  
James A. Loehr ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
George G. Rodney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Calcineurin A

AbstractPostnatal development of skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic period of tissue remodeling. Here we used RNA-seq to identify transcriptome changes from late embryonic to adult mouse muscle and demonstrate that alternative splicing developmental transitions impact muscle physiology. The first two weeks after birth are particularly dynamic for differential gene expression and AS transitions, and calciumhandling functions are significantly enriched among genes that undergo alternative splicing. We focused on the postnatal splicing transitions of three calcineurin A genes, calcium-dependent phosphatases that regulate multiple aspects of muscle biology. Redirected splicing of calcineurin A to the fetal isoforms in adult muscle and in differentiated C2C12 slows the timing of muscle relaxation, promotes nuclear localization of calcineurin targets Nfatc3 and Nfatc2, and affects expression of Nfatc transcription targets. The results demonstrate a previously unknown specificity of calcineurin isoforms as well as the broader impact of AS during muscle postnatal development.

scholarly journals Functions of Circular RNAs Involved in Animal Skeletal Muscle Development – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Patricia Adu-Asiamah ◽  
Qiying Leng ◽  
Haidong Xu ◽  
Jiahui Zheng ◽  
Zhihui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Mirna Sponges

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in the skeletal muscle of numerous species of animals. Their abundance, diversity, and their dynamic expression patterns have been revealed in various developmental stages and physiological conditions in skeletal muscles. Recently, studies have made known that circRNAs widely participate in muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. They are also involved in other life processes such as functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of splicing and transcription, and modifiers of parental gene expression with emerging pieces of evidence indicating a high chance of playing a vital role in several cells and tissues, especially the muscles. Other research has emphatically stated that the growth and development of skeletal muscle are regulated by proteins as well as non-coding RNAs, which involve circRNAs. Therefore, circRNAs have been considered significant biological regulators for understanding the molecular mechanisms of myoblasts. Here, we discuss how circRNAs are abundantly expressed in muscle (myoblast) and their critical roles in growth and development.

scholarly journals p21-Activated Kinase 1 Is Permissive for the Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Induced by Myostatin Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barbé ◽  
Audrey Loumaye ◽  
Pascale Lause ◽  
Olli Ritvos ◽  
Jean-Paul Thissen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Myostatin Inhibition

Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue in the body, plays vital roles in locomotion and metabolism. Understanding the cellular processes that govern regulation of muscle mass and function represents an essential step in the development of therapeutic strategies for muscular disorders. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β family, has been identified as a negative regulator of muscle development. Indeed, its inhibition induces an extensive skeletal muscle hypertrophy requiring the activation of Smad 1/5/8 and the Insulin/IGF-I signaling pathway, but whether other molecular mechanisms are involved in this process remains to be determined. Using transcriptomic data from various Myostatin inhibition models, we identified Pak1 as a potential mediator of Myostatin action on skeletal muscle mass. Our results show that muscle PAK1 levels are systematically increased in response to Myostatin inhibition, parallel to skeletal muscle mass, regardless of the Myostatin inhibition model. Using Pak1 knockout mice, we investigated the role of Pak1 in the skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by different approaches of Myostatin inhibition. Our findings show that Pak1 deletion does not impede the skeletal muscle hypertrophy magnitude in response to Myostatin inhibition. Therefore, Pak1 is permissive for the skeletal muscle mass increase caused by Myostatin inhibition.

scholarly journals L-Arginine Supplementation for Nulliparous Sows during the Last Third of Gestation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3476
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Amorim Rodrigues ◽  
Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽  
Marcos Henrique Soares ◽  
Caroline Brito da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Abranches Fialho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Arginine Supplementation

We evaluated the effects of L-arginine supplementation during the last third of gestation on molecular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle development of piglets and litter traits at birth. Twenty-three nulliparous sows averaging 205.37 ± 11.50 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to the following experimental treatments: control (CON), where pregnant sows were fed diets to meet their nutritional requirements; arginine (ARG), where sows where fed CON + 1.0% L-arginine. Skeletal muscle from piglets born from sows from ARG group had greater mRNA expression of MYOD (p = 0.043) and MYOG (p ≤ 0.01), and tended to present greater mRNA expression (p = 0.06) of IGF-2 gene compared to those born from CON sows. However, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in the histomorphometric variables of fetuses’ skeletal muscle. The total weight of born piglets, total weight of born alive piglets, piglet weight at birth, coefficient of variation of birth weight, and the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets did not differ between groups. No stillborn piglets (p < 0.01) were verified in the ARG sows compared to CON group. The blood levels of estradiol (p = 0.035) and urea (p = 0.03) were higher in ARG sows compared to those from the CON group. In summary, our data show that arginine supplementation of nulliparous sows at late gestation enhance mRNA expression of key myogenic regulatory factors, which likely contribute to improve animal growth rates in later stages of development.

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