scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs, Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Development and Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Nie ◽  
Zhong-Liang Deng ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Da-Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Systematic Understanding

A healthy and independent life requires skeletal muscles to maintain optimal function throughout the lifespan, which is in turn dependent on efficient activation of processes that regulate muscle development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Thus, identifying mechanisms that modulate these processes is of crucial priority. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as a class of previously unrecognized transcripts whose importance in a wide range of biological processes and human disease is only starting to be appreciated. In this review, we summarize the roles of recently identified miRNAs and lncRNAs during skeletal muscle development and pathophysiology. We also discuss several molecular mechanisms of these noncoding RNAs. Undoubtedly, further systematic understanding of these noncoding RNAs’ functions and mechanisms will not only greatly expand our knowledge of basic skeletal muscle biology, but also significantly facilitate the development of therapies for various muscle diseases, such as muscular dystrophies, cachexia, and sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Analysis of dynamic and widespread lncRNA and miRNA expression in fetal sheep skeletal muscle

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9957
Author(s):  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Yaojing Yue ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Jianbin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Lncrna Gene ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

The sheep is an economically important animal, and there is currently a major focus on improving its meat quality through breeding. There are variations in the growth regulation mechanisms of different sheep breeds, making fundamental research on skeletal muscle growth essential in understanding the regulation of (thus far) unknown genes. Skeletal muscle development is a complex biological process regulated by numerous genes and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, we used deep sequencing data from sheep longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles sampled at day 60, 90, and 120 of gestation, as well as at day 0 and 360 following birth, to identify and examine the lncRNA and miRNA temporal expression profiles that regulate sheep skeletal myogenesis. We stained LD muscles using histological sections to analyse the area and circumference of muscle fibers from the embryonic to postnatal development stages. Our results showed that embryonic skeletal muscle growth can be characterized by time. We obtained a total of 694 different lncRNAs and compared the differential expression between the E60 vs. E90, E90 vs. E120, E120 vs. D0, and D0 vs. D360 lncRNA and gene samples. Of the total 701 known sheep miRNAs we detected, the following showed a wide range of expression during the embryonic stage: miR-2387, miR-105, miR-767, miR-432, and miR-433. We propose that the detected lncRNA expression was time-specific during the gestational and postnatal stages. GO and KEGG analyses of the genes targeted by different miRNAs and lncRNAs revealed that these significantly enriched processes and pathways were consistent with skeletal muscle development over time across all sampled stages. We found four visual lncRNA–gene regulatory networks that can be used to explore the function of lncRNAs in sheep and may be valuable in helping improve muscle growth. This study also describes the function of several lncRNAs that interact with miRNAs to regulate myogenic differentiation.

scholarly journals Profiling and Functional Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs during Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Ya Tan ◽  
Mailin Gan ◽  
Linyuan Shen ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Yuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development

Gene transcripts or mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed during porcine skeletal muscle development. However, only a few studies have been conducted on skeletal muscle transcriptome in pigs based on timepoints according to the growth curve for porcine. Here, we investigated gene expression in Qingyu pigs at three different growth stages: the inflection point with the maximum growth rate (MGI), the inflection point of the gradually increasing stage to the rapidly increasing stage (GRI), and the inflection point of the rapidly increasing stage to the slowly increasing stage (RSI). Subsequently, we explored gene expression profiles during muscle development at the MGI, GRI and RSI stages by Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing. Qingyu pigs reached the MGI, GRI and RSI stages at 156.40, 23.82 and 288.97 days of age with 51.73, 3.14 and 107.03 kg body weight, respectively. A total of 14,530 mRNAs and 11,970 lncRNAs were identified at the three stages, and 645, 323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 696, 760 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the GRI vs. MGI, and RSI vs. MGI, comparisons. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in immune system development and energy metabolism (mainly relate to amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid) were enriched at the GRI and MGI stages, respectively, whereas genes involved in lipid metabolism were enriched at the RSI stage. We further characterized G1430, an abundant lncRNA. The full-length sequence (316 nt) of lncRNA G1430 was determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Subcellular distribution analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that G1430 is a cytoplasmic lncRNA. Binding site prediction and dual luciferase assay showed that lncRNA G1430 directly binds to microRNA 133a (miR-133a). Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular genetics of muscle development in pigs.

scholarly journals Profiling and Functional Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs during Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Tan ◽  
Mailin Gan ◽  
Linyuan Shen ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Yuan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development

Abstract BackgroundGene transcripts or mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed during porcine skeletal muscle development. However, only a few studies have been conducted on skeletal muscle transcriptome in pigs based on timepoints according to the growth curve for porcine. Here, we investigated gene expression in Qingyu pigs at three different growth stages: of the inflection point with the maximum growth rate (MGI), inflection point of gradual increase stage to rapid increasing stage (GRI) and inflection point of rapid increasing stage to slowly increasing stage (RSI). Subsequently, we explored gene expression profiles during muscle development at the MGI, GRI and RSI stages by Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing. ResultsQingyu pigs reached the MGI, GRI and RSI stages at 156.40, 23.82 and 288.97 days of age with 51.73, 3.14 and 107.03 kg body weight, respectively. A total of 14,530 mRNAs and 11,970 lncRNAs were identified at the three stages, and 645, 323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 696, 760 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the GRI vs. MGI, RSI vs. MGI comparisons. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in immune system development and energy metabolism (mainly relate to amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid) were enriched at the GRI and MGI stages, respectively, whereas genes involved in energy and lipid metabolism were enriched at the RSI stage. We further characterized G1430, an abundant lncRNA. The full-length sequence (316 nt) of lncRNA G1430 was determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Subcellular distribution analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that G1430 is a cytoplasmic lncRNA. Binding site prediction and dual luciferase assay showed that lncRNA G1430 directly binds to microRNA 133a (miR-133a). ConclusionThese findings indicate lncRNAs and a certain lncRNA G1430 involved in the regulatory mechanism during pig muscle development. Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular genetics of muscle development in pigs.

scholarly journals Tiny Regulators of Massive Tissue: MicroRNAs in Skeletal Muscle Development, Myopathies, and Cancer Cachexia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurinder Bir Singh ◽  
Douglas B Cowan ◽  
Da-Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Muscle Biology ◽  
And Function

Skeletal muscles are the largest tissues in our body and the physiological function of muscle is essential to every aspect of life. The regulation of development, homeostasis, and metabolism is critical for the proper functioning of skeletal muscle. Consequently, understanding the processes involved in the regulation of myogenesis is of great interest. Non-coding RNAs especially microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and function. MiRNAs are small (~22 nucleotides long) noncoding RNAs known to negatively regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally and are abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle. Gain- and loss-of function studies have revealed important roles of this class of small molecules in muscle biology and disease. In this review, we summarize the latest research that explores the role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle development, gene expression, and function as well as in muscle disorders like sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Continuing with the theme of the current review series, we also briefly discuss the role of miRNAs in cancer cachexia.

scholarly journals The Key Lnc (RNA)s in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Development, Regeneration, and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Amanda Pinheiro ◽  
Francisco J. Naya
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of transcriptional and epigenetic activity in mammalian cells. Comprehensive analysis of these ncRNAs has revealed sophisticated gene regulatory mechanisms which finely tune the proper gene output required for cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. However, this elaborate circuitry has also made it vulnerable to perturbations that often result in disease. Among the many types of ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have the most diverse mechanisms of action including competitive binding to miRNA targets, direct binding to mRNA, interactions with transcription factors, and facilitation of epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many lncRNAs display tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting an important regulatory role in organogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms through which these molecules regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle development remains surprisingly limited. Given the structural and metabolic similarities of cardiac and skeletal muscle, it is likely that several lncRNAs expressed in both of these tissues have conserved functions in establishing the striated muscle phenotype. As many aspects of regeneration recapitulate development, understanding the role lncRNAs play in these processes may provide novel insights to improve regenerative therapeutic interventions in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. This review highlights key lncRNAs that function as regulators of development, regeneration, and disease in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Finally, we highlight lncRNAs encoded by imprinted genes in striated muscle and the contributions of these loci on the regulation of gene expression.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA Lnc-SEMT Modulates IGF2 Expression by Sponging miR-125b to Promote Sheep Muscle Development and Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Wei ◽  
Mingming Wu ◽  
Chuduan Wang ◽  
Ruizao Liu ◽  
Huijing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation

Background/Aims: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that are more than 200 nt long but have little protein-coding potential. Within the last few years, thousands of lncRNAs have been identified and their functions in biological processes have begun to be understood. Although many studies havebegun to examine the functions of many noncoding RNAs, very little is known about the functions of long noncoding (lncRNA) function of livestock production and molecular mechanisms of their functions are still lackingrelated to livestock production. Methods: Expression of sheep enhanced muscularityTranscript lncRNA (lnc-SEMT) and miR-125b were examined in sheep using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of Myod (myogenic determination factor), Myog (myoglobin) and Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)were examined by Western Blot.Luciferase reporter assays were performedto confirm the relationship between lnc-SEMT and miR-125b. Results: Here, we identified a novel lnc-SEMT that promote sheep myoblast differentiation in vitro and enhanced sheep muscularity in vivo. Functional analyses showed that lnc-SEMT accelerates sheep myoblast differentiation in vitro. lnc-SEMT transgenic sheep exhibit a muscle hypertrophy phenotype characterized by increased body weight, and increased the number of muscle fibers indicating that lnc-SEMT play an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation in vivo. Our results show that lnc-SEMT acts as a molecular sponge by antagonizing miR-125b to control IGF2 protein labundance in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: In brief, lnc-SEMT is the first example of a lncRNA could be a useful candidate for improving biological growth traits such as skeletal muscle production in sheep.

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