Postnatal development of skeletal muscle in pigs with intrauterine growth restriction: morphofunctional phenotype and molecular mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Felicioni ◽  
Andreia D. Pereira ◽  
Andre L. Caldeira‐Brant ◽  
Thais G. Santos ◽  
Thais M. D. Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Postnatal development of infants with intrauterine growth restriction

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1159
Author(s):  
L. Gortner ◽  
M. van Husen ◽  
E. Landmann
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Interferes with the Maintenance and Differentiation of Trophoblast Progenitor Cells of the Human Placenta

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 5134-5147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Tabata ◽  
Matthew Petitt ◽  
Martin Zydek ◽  
June Fang-Hoover ◽  
Nicholas Larocque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hcmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of birth defects that include severe neurological deficits, hearing and vision loss, and intrauterine growth restriction. Viral infection of the placenta leads to development of avascular villi, edema, and hypoxia associated with symptomatic congenital infection. Studies of primary cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) revealed that HCMV infection impedes terminal stages of differentiation and invasion by various molecular mechanisms. We recently discovered that HCMV arrests earlier stages involving development of human trophoblast progenitor cells (TBPCs), which give rise to the mature cell types of chorionic villi—syncytiotrophoblasts on the surfaces of floating villi and invasive CTBs that remodel the uterine vasculature. Here, we show that viral proteins are present in TBPCs of the chorion in cases of symptomatic congenital infection.In vitrostudies revealed that HCMV replicates in continuously self-renewing TBPC lines derived from the chorion and alters expression and subcellular localization of proteins required for cell cycle progression, pluripotency, and early differentiation. In addition, treatment with a human monoclonal antibody to HCMV glycoprotein B rescues differentiation capacity, and thus, TBPCs have potential utility for evaluation of the efficacies of novel antiviral antibodies in protecting and restoring placental development. Our results suggest that HCMV replicates in TBPCs in the chorionin vivo, interfering with the earliest steps in the growth of new villi, contributing to virus transmission and impairing compensatory development. In cases of congenital infection, reduced responsiveness of the placenta to hypoxia limits the transport of substances from maternal blood and contributes to fetal growth restriction.IMPORTANCEHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of birth defects in the United States. Congenital infection can result in permanent neurological defects, mental retardation, hearing loss, visual impairment, and pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. Currently, there is neither a vaccine nor any approved treatment for congenital HCMV infection during gestation. The molecular mechanisms underlying structural deficiencies in the placenta that undermine fetal development are poorly understood. Here we report that HCMV replicates in trophoblast progenitor cells (TBPCs)—precursors of the mature placental cells, syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts, in chorionic villi—in clinical cases of congenital infection. Virus replication in TBPCsin vitrodysregulates key proteins required for self-renewal and differentiation and inhibits normal division and development into mature placental cells. Our findings provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HCMV replication interferes with placental maturation and transport functions.

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Alters the Postnatal Development of the Rat Cerebellum

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie R.A. McDougall ◽  
Vanny Wiradjaja ◽  
Aminath Azhan ◽  
Anqi Li ◽  
Nadia Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cerebellar Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Proliferative Zone

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major cause of antenatal brain injury. We aimed to characterize cerebellar deficits following IUGR and to investigate the potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. At embryonic day 18, pregnant rats underwent either sham surgery (controls; n = 23) or bilateral uterine vessel ligation to restrict blood flow to fetuses (IUGR; n = 20). Offspring were collected at postnatal day 2 (P2), P7, and P35. Body weights were reduced at P2, P7, and P35 in IUGR offspring (p < 0.05) compared with controls. At P7, the width of the external granule layer (EGL) was 30% greater in IUGR than control rats (p < 0.05); there was no difference in the width of the proliferative zone or in the density of Ki67-positive cells in the EGL. Bergmann glia were disorganized at P7 and P35 in IUGR pups, and by P35, there was a 10% decrease in Bergmann glial fiber density (p < 0.05) compared with controls. At P7, trophoblast antigen-2 (Trop2) mRNA and protein levels in the cerebellum were decreased by 88 and 40%, respectively, and astrotactin 1 mRNA levels were increased by 20% in the IUGR rats (p < 0.05) compared with controls; there was no difference in ASTN1 protein. The expressions of other factors known to regulate cerebellar development (astrotactin 2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4, neuregulin 1, sonic hedgehog and somatostatin) were not different between IUGR and control rats at P7 or P35. These data suggest that damage to the migratory scaffold (Bergmann glial fibers) and alterations in the genes that influence migration (Trop2 and Astn1) may underlie the deficits in postnatal cerebellar development following IUGR.

scholarly journals Prenatal Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel MicroRNA-mRNA Networks Associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Pigs

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Eduard Murani ◽  
Frieder Hadlich ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Klaus Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs in 15–20% of pig neonates and poses huge economic losses to the pig industry. IUGR piglets have reduced skeletal muscle growth, which may persist after birth. Prenatal muscle growth is regulated by complex molecular pathways that are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the main regulators of vital pathways and biological processes in the body. This study was designed to identify miRNA–mRNA networks regulating prenatal skeletal muscle development in pigs. We performed an integrative miRNA–mRNA transcriptomic analysis in longissimus dorsi muscle from IUGR fetuses and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses at 63 days post conception. Our data showed that 47 miRNAs and 3257 mRNAs were significantly upregulated, and six miRNAs and 477 mRNAs were significantly downregulated in IUGR compared to AGA fetuses. Moreover, 47 upregulated miRNAs were negatively correlated and can potentially target 326 downregulated genes, whereas six downregulated miRNAs were negatively correlated and can potentially target 1291 upregulated genes. These miRNA–mRNA networks showed enrichment in biological processes and pathways critical for fetal growth, development, and metabolism. The miRNA–mRNA networks identified in this study can potentially serve as indicators of prenatal fetal growth and development as well as postnatal carcass quality.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects the Proteomes of the Small Intestine, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle in Newborn Pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjun Wang ◽  
Lixiang Chen ◽  
Defa Li ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
Xiaoqiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Newborn Pigs
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