scholarly journals Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Marie Wölfer ◽  
Mario Amend ◽  
Hans Wehrl ◽  
Tudor M. Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Metabolic Activity

AbstractDuring healthy brain aging, different brain regions show anatomical or functional declines at different rates, and some regions may show compensatory increases in functional activity. However, few studies have explored interregional influences of brain activity during the aging process. We proposed a causality analysis framework combining high dimensionality independent component analysis (ICA), Granger causality, and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression on longitudinal brain metabolic activity data measured by Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). We analyzed FDG-PET images from healthy old subjects, who were scanned for at least five sessions with an averaged intersession interval of about one year. The longitudinal data were concatenated across subjects to form a time series, and the first order autoregressive model was used to measure interregional causality among the independent sources of metabolic activity identified using ICA. Several independent sources with reduced metabolic activity in aging, including the anterior temporal lobe and orbital frontal cortex, demonstrated causal influences over many widespread brain regions. On the other hand, the influenced regions were more distributed, and had smaller age related declines or even relatively increased metabolic activity. The current data demonstrated interregional spreads of aging on metabolic activity at the scale of a year, and have identified key brain regions in the aging process that have strong influences over other regions.

scholarly journals Pokazatelji dinamike funkcioniranja selektivne pažnje hrvatskih strojovođa i njihove dobne razlike

Sigurnost ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-354
Author(s):  
Mislav Stjepan Žebec ◽  
Ines Crnko ◽  
Vedrana Palavra ◽  
Davor Sumpor
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Test Form ◽  
Professional Drivers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stability And Resilience ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Dynamic Indicators

SUMMARY: Research that focuses on aging process of selective attention (SA) functioning dynamics is very rare, especially regarding the professional drivers’ population. Given the fact that the consequences of SA functioning in railroad engineers are extremely high for traffic safety, we considered it important to investigate the aging effects on three indicators of SA system functioning dynamics (average efficiency, stability and resilience to the adverse factors effects) with regard to different measures of SA. The study was conducted using two time limited forms of Stroop tests: the first – verbal, uncoloured (lexical) and the second – verbal, coloured paper-pencil form. Both forms were comprised of two parts/components: with incongruent stimuli (measuring SA and processing speed, i.e. PS) and neutral stimuli (measuring only PS). The participants were male railroad engineers, ages 25 to 59, unevenly distributed into 4 age categories distinguished by specific functional characteristics of professional drivers. 50 subjects completed the first test form and 52 the second. The subjects’ task was to cross out as many of the target words in the distractors context in 60 seconds as possible (whereby the distraction was more intense for the incongruent stimuli). All three indicators of SA functioning dynamics are expressed as composites of objective measures of the Stroop test components. They show an unambiguous relation to the magnitude of the associated construct, while low inter-correlations indicate their diversity. With the exception of the relative position of the first test mistake - that could not be used as a measure of resilience due to the extremely small variability - in the selected sample of Croatian railroad engineers most of the other SA dynamic indicators show good statistical features and theoretical merits. Age related changes of the three SA dynamic indicators reflect a non-linear trend that is only partly in line with the expectations, while statistically significant only for SA resilience in the coloured version of the Stroop test. Although these age-related trends were mainly non-significant, average SA efficiency and stability in the coloured version of the test showed significantly different age-related changes in comparison to the lexical version of the test. Additionally, analyses have shown that the average SA efficiency is significantly higher in Stroop test that includes traffic relevant colours, while SA stability and resilience to the adverse factors effects show similar, although not significant, trend. The findings are – with a certain caution related to the lack of control group measurement and other methodological confinements specific for applied research - interpreted by specific railroad engineers experience and are discussed in relation to the theory of cognitive aging in the general population with the implications on the railroad engineers aging process and its consequences – especially regarding traffic safety.

scholarly journals Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (16) ◽  
pp. 4657-4668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Di ◽  
Marie Wölfer ◽  
Mario Amend ◽  
Hans Wehrl ◽  
Tudor M. Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Brain Metabolic Activity

scholarly journals Transitions in metabolic and immune systems from pre-menopause to post-menopause: implications for age-associated neurodegenerative diseases

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Wang ◽  
Aarti Mishra ◽  
Roberta Diaz Brinton
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Female Brain

The brain undergoes two aging programs: chronological and endocrinological. This is particularly evident in the female brain, which undergoes programs of aging associated with reproductive competency. Comprehensive understanding of the dynamic metabolic and neuroinflammatory aging process in the female brain can illuminate windows of opportunities to promote healthy brain aging. Bioenergetic crisis and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of brain aging and menopause and have been implicated as a unifying factor causally connecting genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss metabolic phenotypes of pre-menopausal, peri-menopausal, and post-menopausal aging and their consequent impact on the neuroinflammatory profile during each transition state. A critical aspect of the aging process is the dynamic metabolic neuro-inflammatory profiles that emerge during chronological and endocrinological aging. These dynamic systems of biology are relevant to multiple age-associated neurodegenerative diseases and provide a therapeutic framework for prevention and delay of neurodegenerative diseases of aging. While these findings are based on investigations of the female brain, they have a broader fundamental systems of biology strategy for investigating the aging male brain. Molecular characterization of alterations in fuel utilization and neuroinflammatory mechanisms during these neuro-endocrine transition states can inform therapeutic strategies to mitigate the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in women. We further discuss a precision hormone replacement therapy approach to target symptom profiles during endocrine and chronological aging to reduce risk for age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Association Between Sleep and Brain Atrophy in Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Kokošová ◽  
Pavel Filip ◽  
David Kec ◽  
Marek Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Human brain aging is characterized by the gradual deterioration of its function and structure, affected by the interplay of a multitude of causal factors. The sleep, a periodically repeating state of reversible unconsciousness characterized by distinct electrical brain activity, is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis. Indeed, insufficient sleep was associated with accelerated brain atrophy and impaired brain functional connectivity. Concurrently, alteration of sleep-related transient electrical events in senescence was correlated with structural and functional deterioration of brain regions responsible for their generation, implying the interconnectedness of sleep and brain structure. This review discusses currently available data on the link between human brain aging and sleep derived from various neuroimaging and neurophysiological methods. We advocate the notion of a mutual relationship between the sleep structure and age-related alterations of functional and structural brain integrity, pointing out the position of high-quality sleep as a potent preventive factor of early brain aging and neurodegeneration. However, further studies are needed to reveal the causality of the relationship between sleep and brain aging.

scholarly journals Epigenetic rejuvenation of the hippocampus by environmental enrichment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zocher ◽  
Rupert W. Overall ◽  
Mathias Lesche ◽  
Andreas Dahl ◽  
Gerd Kempermann
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe decline of brain function during aging is associated with epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation. Lifestyle interventions can improve brain function during aging, but their influence on age-related epigenetic changes is unknown. Using genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing, we here show that environmental enrichment counteracted age-related DNA methylation changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of mice. Specifically, environmental enrichment prevented the aging-induced CpG hypomethylation at target sites of the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mecp2, which is known to control neuronal functions. The genes at which environmental enrichment counteracted aging effects have described roles in neuronal plasticity, neuronal cell communication and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and are dysregulated with age-related cognitive decline in the human brain. Our results highlight the rejuvenating effects of environmental enrichment at the level of DNA methylation and give molecular insights into the specific aspects of brain aging that can be counteracted by lifestyle interventions.

Regional alterations in hexokinase activity within rat brain during dehydration and rehydration

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. R1050-R1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Krukoff ◽  
D. H. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Brain Metabolic Activity ◽  
Induced Changes

Histochemical localization and photodensitometric quantification of the metabolic enzyme, hexokinase (HK), were used to study changes in brain metabolic activity that occur during the development of (5 days) and recovery from (7 days) dehydration. In water-deprived (WD) rats, HK activity increased after 2 days in the subfornical organ (SFO, 22%), nucleus circularis (NC, 36%), parvo- and magnocellular divisions of the paraventricular nucleus (pPVH, 17%; mPVH, 46%) and supraoptic nucleus (SON, 46%). Activity in SFO declined to control levels at 3 days but increased again thereafter. In pPVH, mPVH, and SON, activity was elevated until the end of the experiment. In NC, activity returned to control levels within 2 days of drinking by the rats. In salt-loaded (2% NaCl in water) rats, changes were similar to those of WD rats up to 2 days of dehydration (SFO, 25%; NC, 20%; pPVH, 16%; mPVH, 38%; SON, 50%). Activity in SFO and pPVH returned to control levels after 3 days and remained unchanged. In mPVH, SON, and NC, activity remained elevated and declined to control levels when salt-free water was provided. Results confirm that water deprivation is a stronger dehydrating stimulus than salt loading. In addition, metabolic activity, as measured by HK activity, varies daily during periods of dehydration and rehydration. These changes cannot always be predicted from results obtained only at the end of a period of dehydration. It is concluded that it is necessary to study dehydration-induced changes in brain metabolism on a daily basis to more fully understand the roles of discrete brain regions in the regulation of body fluids.

scholarly journals Anti-Aging Effects of Calorie Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Based on the Senoinflammation Concept

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
EunJin Bang ◽  
Hee Jin Jung ◽  
Sang Gyun Noh ◽  
Byung Pal Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Concept

Chronic inflammation, a pervasive feature of the aging process, is defined by a continuous, multifarious, low-grade inflammatory response. It is a sustained and systemic phenomenon that aggravates aging and can lead to age-related chronic diseases. In recent years, our understanding of age-related chronic inflammation has advanced through a large number of investigations on aging and calorie restriction (CR). A broader view of age-related inflammation is the concept of senoinflammation, which has an outlook beyond the traditional view, as proposed in our previous work. In this review, we discuss the effects of CR on multiple phases of proinflammatory networks and inflammatory signaling pathways to elucidate the basic mechanism underlying aging. Based on studies on senoinflammation and CR, we recognized that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which mainly comprises cytokines and chemokines, was significantly increased during aging, whereas it was suppressed during CR. Further, we recognized that cellular metabolic pathways were also dysregulated in aging; however, CR mimetics reversed these effects. These results further support and enhance our understanding of the novel concept of senoinflammation, which is related to the metabolic changes that occur in the aging process. Furthermore, a thorough elucidation of the effect of CR on senoinflammation will reveal key insights and allow possible interventions in aging mechanisms, thus contributing to the development of new therapies focused on improving health and longevity.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Alzheimer’s Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lizio ◽  
Fabrizio Vecchio ◽  
Giovanni B. Frisoni ◽  
Raffaele Ferri ◽  
Guido Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

Physiological brain aging is characterized by synapses loss and neurodegeneration that slowly lead to an age-related decline of cognition. Neural/synaptic redundancy and plastic remodelling of brain networking, also due to mental and physical training, promotes maintenance of brain activity in healthy elderly subjects for everyday life and good social behaviour and intellectual capabilities. However, age is the major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative disorders that impact on cognition, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain electromagnetic activity is a feature of neuronal network function in various brain regions. Modern neurophysiological techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs), are useful tools in the investigation of brain cognitive function in normal and pathological aging with an excellent time resolution. These techniques can index normal and abnormal brain aging analysis of corticocortical connectivity and neuronal synchronization of rhythmic oscillations at various frequencies. The present review suggests that discrimination between physiological and pathological brain aging clearly emerges at the group level, with suggested applications also at the level of single individual. The possibility of combining the use of EEG together with biological/neuropsychological markers and structural/functional imaging is promising for a low-cost, non-invasive, and widely available assessment of groups of individuals at-risk.

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Metabolic Activity in the Rat following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Solomon ◽  
Robert L. Lovitz ◽  
Margaret T. Hegemann ◽  
George B. Schuessler ◽  
William L. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Subarachnoid Injection ◽  
Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Metabolic Activity

A new experimental model was employed to investigate alterations of cerebral metabolic activity in rats subjected to extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The hemorrhages were produced in anesthetized animals by inserting 0.37 ml fresh autologous arterial blood into the subarachnoid space. Rats that underwent sham operations received subarachnoid injections of mock CSF to study the effects of sudden raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Forty-eight hours after subarachnoid injection, the unanesthetized rats were given intravenous injections of [14C]2-deoxyglucose. Experiments were terminated 45 min later by decapitation, and the brains were removed and frozen. Regional brain metabolic activity was studied employing quantitative autoradiography. In comparison with control animals, cerebral metabolic activity was diffusely decreased following SAH. Statistically significant decreases in metabolic activity of <34% were observed in 17 of 30 brain regions studied. The largest percentage reductions were in regions displaying the highest basal metabolic rates. Subarachnoid injections of mock CSF also produced depression of cerebral metabolic activity, but quantitatively these changes were not as pronounced as in the hemorrhage group. These studies demonstrate regional changes in brain function following SAH. The data relate these changes to both the presence of blood in the subarachnoid space and sudden raised ICP.

scholarly journals Evolution of Static Physical Properties in Plutonium by Self-irradiation Damage

2010 ◽  
Vol 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon W Chung ◽  
Kenneth Lema ◽  
David Hiromoto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Void Swelling ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe alpha-decay of plutonium leads to the age-related change in physical properties. This paper presents updated results of age-related effects on enriched and reference alloys measured from immersion density, dilatometry, and mechanical tests. After nearly 100 equivalent years of aging, both the immersion density and dilatometry show that the enriched alloys are decreasing in density by less than 0.002% per year and now exhibit a near linear density decrease, without void swelling. The tensile tests show that the aging process increases the strength of plutonium alloys, followed by possible saturation past 70 equivalent years of age. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop capabilities to predict physical properties changed by aging effects.

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