scholarly journals An epidermis-driven mechanism positions and scales stem cell niches in plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1500989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Gruel ◽  
Benoit Landrein ◽  
Paul Tarr ◽  
Christoph Schuster ◽  
Yassin Refahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Patterning ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Epidermal Cell Layer

How molecular patterning scales to organ size is highly debated in developmental biology. We explore this question for the characteristic gene expression domains of the plant stem cell niche residing in the shoot apical meristem. We show that a combination of signals originating from the epidermal cell layer can correctly pattern the key gene expression domains and notably leads to adaptive scaling of these domains to the size of the tissue. Using live imaging, we experimentally confirm this prediction. The identified mechanism is also sufficient to explain de novo stem cell niches in emerging flowers. Our findings suggest that the deformation of the tissue transposes meristem geometry into an instructive scaling and positional input for the apical plant stem cell niche.

scholarly journals Control of stem-cell niche establishment in Arabidopsis flowers by REVOLUTA and the LEAFY-RAX1 module

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denay Grégoire ◽  
Tichtinsky Gabrielle ◽  
Le Masson Marie ◽  
Chahtane Hicham ◽  
Huguet Sylvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Meristem Identity ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Early Flower ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

AbstractPlants retain the ability to produce organs throughout their life by maintaining active stem cell niches called meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is responsible for the growth of aerial plant structures. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the SAM initially produces leaves during the vegetative phase and later flowers during reproductive development. In the early stages of floral initiation, a group of cells first emerges from the SAM to form a stereotypically organized meristematic structure on its flank. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of this specific meristematic organization remain elusive. We show here that the transcription factors LEAFY (LFY) and REVOLUTA (REV) control two partially redundant pathways controlling meristematic organization in early flower primordia. We found that LFY acts through the transcription factor REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM1 (RAX1) and we provide mechanistic insights in how RAX1 allows meristem identity establishment in young flowers. Our work provides a molecular link between the processes of meristem formation and floral identity acquisition in the nascent flower.

scholarly journals Gene expression map of the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem stem cell niche

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941-4946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Yadav ◽  
T. Girke ◽  
S. Pasala ◽  
M. Xie ◽  
G. V. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Cell Niche

Root stem cell niche maintenance and apical meristem activity critically depend on THREONINE SYNTHASE1

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (15) ◽  
pp. 3835-3849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Jazmín Reyes-Hernández ◽  
Svetlana Shishkova ◽  
Rachel Amir ◽  
Aranza Xhaly Quintana-Armas ◽  
Selene Napsucialy-Mendivil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Forward Genetics ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cell Niche

AbstractIndeterminate root growth depends on the stem cell niche (SCN) and root apical meristem (RAM) maintenance whose regulation permits plasticity in root system formation. Using a forward genetics approach, we isolated the moots koom1 (‘short root’ in Mayan) mutant that shows complete primary RAM exhaustion and abolished SCN activity. We identified that this phenotype is caused by a point mutation in the METHIONINE OVERACCUMULATOR2 (MTO2) gene that encodes THREONINE SYNTHASE1 and renamed the mutant as mto2-2. The amino acid profile showed drastic changes, most notorious of which was accumulation of methionine. In non-allelic mto1-1 (Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine gamma-synthetase1) and mto3-1 (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) mutants, both with an increased methionine level, the RAM size was similar to that of the wild type, suggesting that methionine overaccumulation itself did not cause RAM exhaustion in mto2 mutants. When mto2-2 RAM is not yet completely exhausted, exogenous threonine induced de novo SCN establishment and root growth recovery. The threonine-dependent RAM re-establishment in mto2-2 suggests that threonine is a limiting factor for RAM maintenance. In the root, MTO2 was predominantly expressed in the RAM. The essential role of threonine in mouse embryonic stem cells and in RAM maintenance suggests that common regulatory mechanisms may operate in plant and animal SCN maintenance.

scholarly journals A model of protein interactions for regulating plant stem cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Gruel ◽  
Julia Deichmann ◽  
Benoit Landrein ◽  
Thomas Hitchcock ◽  
Henrik Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tissue Size ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Plant Stem Cells

AbstractThe plant shoot apical meristem holds a stem cell niche from which all aerial organs originate. Using a computational approach we show that a mixture of monomers and heterodimers of the transcription factors WUSCHEL and HAIRY MERISTEM is sufficient to pattern the stem cell niche, and predict that immobile heterodimers form a regulatory ‘pocket’ surrounding the stem cells. The model achieves to reproduce an array of perturbations, including mutants and tissue size modifications. We also show its ability to reproduce the recently observed dynamical shift of the stem cell niche during the development of an axillary meristem. The work integrates recent experimental results to answer the longstanding question of how the asymmetry of expression between the stem cell marker CLAVATA3 and its activator WUSCHEL is achieved, and recent findings of plasticity in the system.

scholarly journals P04.45 Periarteriolar glioblastoma stem cell niches express bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii289-iii289
Author(s):  
V V V Hira ◽  
J R Wormer ◽  
H Kakar ◽  
B Breznik ◽  
B van der Swaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches

scholarly journals Hemmule: A Novel Structure with the Properties of the Stem Cell Niche

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Vitaly Vodyanoy ◽  
Oleg Pustovyy ◽  
Ludmila Globa ◽  
Randy J. Kulesza ◽  
Iryna Sorokulova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Cell Niche ◽  
Stem Cell Niches ◽  
Rat Bone

Stem cells are nurtured and regulated by a specialized microenvironment known as stem cell niche. While the functions of the niches are well defined, their structure and location remain unclear. We have identified, in rat bone marrow, the seat of hematopoietic stem cells—extensively vascularized node-like compartments that fit the requirements for stem cell niche and that we called hemmules. Hemmules are round or oval structures of about one millimeter in diameter that are surrounded by a fine capsule, have afferent and efferent vessels, are filled with the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial stem cells, and contain cells of the megakaryocyte family, which are known for homeostatic quiescence and contribution to the bone marrow environment. We propose that hemmules are the long sought hematopoietic stem cell niches and that they are prototypical of stem cell niches in other organs.

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