scholarly journals The STROBE: a system for closed-looped optogenetic control of freely feeding flies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Musso ◽  
Pierre Junca ◽  
Meghan Jelen ◽  
Damian Feldman-Kiss ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Neural Excitation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Feeding Circuits

AbstractManipulating feeding circuits in freely moving animals is challenging, in part because the timing of sensory inputs is affected by the animal’s behavior. To address this challenge in Drosophila, we developed the Sip-Triggered Optogenetic Behavior Enclosure (“STROBE”). The STROBE is a closed-looped system for real-time optogenetic activation of feeding flies, designed to evoke neural excitation coincident with food contact. We demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of sweet sensory neurons in the STROBE drives attraction to tasteless food, while activation of bitter sensory neurons promotes avoidance. Moreover, feeding behavior in the STROBE is modified by the fly’s internal state, as well as the presence of chemical taste ligands. We also find that mushroom body dopaminergic neurons and their respective post-synaptic partners drive opposing feeding behaviors following activation. Together, these results establish the STROBE as a new tool for dissecting fly feeding circuits and suggest a role for mushroom body circuits in processing naïve taste responses.

scholarly journals Closed-loop optogenetic activation of peripheral or central neurons modulates feeding in freely moving Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Musso ◽  
Pierre Junca ◽  
Meghan Jelen ◽  
Damian Feldman-Kiss ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Neural Excitation ◽  
Feeding Circuits

Manipulating feeding circuits in freely moving animals is challenging, in part because the timing of sensory inputs is affected by the animal’s behavior. To address this challenge in Drosophila, we developed the Sip-Triggered Optogenetic Behavior Enclosure (‘STROBE’). The STROBE is a closed-looped system for real-time optogenetic activation of feeding flies, designed to evoke neural excitation coincident with food contact. We previously demonstrated the STROBE’s utility in probing the valence of fly sensory neurons (Jaeger et al., 2018). Here we provide a thorough characterization of the STROBE system, demonstrate that STROBE-driven behavior is modified by hunger and the presence of taste ligands, and find that mushroom body dopaminergic input neurons and their respective post-synaptic partners drive opposing feeding behaviors following activation. Together, these results establish the STROBE as a new tool for dissecting fly feeding circuits and suggest a role for mushroom body circuits in processing naïve taste responses.

scholarly journals SkinnerTrax: high-throughput behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation of Drosophila

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Stern ◽  
Chung-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractWhile red-shifted channelrhodopsin has been shown to be highly effective in activating CNS neurons in freely moving Drosophila, there were no existing high-throughput tools for closed-loop, behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation of Drosophila. Here, we present SkinnerTrax to fill this void. SkinnerTrax stimulates individual flies promptly in response to their being at specific positions or performing specific actions. Importantly, SkinnerTrax was designed for and achieves significant throughput with simple and inexpensive components.

scholarly journals Ventral pallidal GABAergic neurons control wakefulness associated with motivation through the ventral tegmental pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Dong Li ◽  
Yan-Jia Luo ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jing Ge ◽  
Yoan Cherasse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The ventral pallidum (VP) regulates motivation, drug addiction, and several behaviors that rely on heightened arousal. However, the role and underlying neural circuits of the VP in the control of wakefulness remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the specific role of VP GABAergic neurons in controlling sleep–wake behaviors in mice. Fiber photometry revealed that the population activity of VP GABAergic neurons was increased during physiological transitions from non-rapid eye movement (non-REM, NREM) sleep to either wakefulness or REM sleep. Moreover, chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations were leveraged to investigate a potential causal role of VP GABAergic neurons in initiating and/or maintaining arousal. In vivo optogenetic stimulation of VP GABAergic neurons innervating the ventral tegmental area (VTA) strongly promoted arousal via disinhibition of VTA dopaminergic neurons. Functional in vitro mapping revealed that VP GABAergic neurons, in principle, inhibited VTA GABAergic neurons but also inhibited VTA dopaminergic neurons. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of terminals of VP GABAergic neurons revealed that they promoted arousal by innervating the lateral hypothalamus, but not the mediodorsal thalamus or lateral habenula. The increased wakefulness chemogenetically evoked by VP GABAergic neuronal activation was completely abolished by pretreatment with dopaminergic D1 and D2/D3 receptor antagonists. Furthermore, activation of VP GABAergic neurons increased exploration time in both the open-field and light–dark box tests but did not modulate depression-like behaviors or food intake. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of VP GABAergic neurons decreased arousal. Taken together, our findings indicate that VP GABAergic neurons are essential for arousal related to motivation.

scholarly journals Manipulations of central amygdala neurotensin neurons alter the consumption of ethanol and sweet fluids in mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Torruella-Suárez ◽  
Jessica R. Vandenberg ◽  
Elizabeth S. Cogan ◽  
Gregory J. Tipton ◽  
Adonay Teklezghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Parabrachial Nucleus ◽  
Central Amygdala ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe central nucleus of the amygdala plays a significant role in alcohol use and other affective disorders; however, the genetically-defined neuronal subtypes and their projections that govern these behaviors are not well known. Here we show that neurotensin neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala of male mice are activated by in vivo ethanol consumption and that genetic ablation of these neurons decreases ethanol consumption and preference in non-ethanol dependent animals. This ablation did not impact preference for sucrose, saccharin, or quinine. We found that the most robust projection of the central amygdala neurotensin neurons was to the parabrachial nucleus, a brain region known to be important in feeding behaviors, conditioned taste aversion, and alarm. Optogenetic stimulation of projections from these neurons to the parabrachial nucleus is reinforcing, and increases ethanol drinking as well as consumption of sucrose and saccharin solutions. These data suggest that this central amygdala to parabrachial nucleus projection influences the expression of reward-related phenotypes and is a novel circuit promoting consumption of ethanol and palatable fluids.

scholarly journals Transient effect of mossy fiber stimulation on spatial firing of CA3 neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonyeup Lee ◽  
Miru Yun ◽  
Eunjae Cho ◽  
Jong Won Lee ◽  
Doyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Mossy Fibers ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Ca3 Neurons ◽  
Fiber Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractStrong hippocampal mossy fiber synapses are thought to function as detonators, imposing ‘teaching’ signals onto CA3 neurons during new memory formation. For an empirical test of this long-standing view, we examined effects of stimulating mossy fibers on spatial firing of CA3 neurons in freely-moving mice. We found that optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibers can alter CA3 spatial firing, but their effects are only transient. Spatially restricted mossy fiber stimulation, either congruent or incongruent with CA3 place fields, was more likely to suppress than enhance CA3 neuronal activity. Also, changes in spatial firing induced by optogenetic stimulation reverted immediately upon stimulation termination, leaving CA3 place fields unaltered. Our results do not support the traditional view that mossy fibers impose teaching signals onto CA3 network, and show robustness of established CA3 spatial representations.

scholarly journals Antibody responses to immunization require sensory neurons

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling Tynan ◽  
Téa Tsaava ◽  
Manojkumar Gunasekaran ◽  
Isabel Snee ◽  
Tak W. Mak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMammals store memories in the nervous and immune systems. Sensory neurons have been implicated in enhancing neurological memory, but whether neurons participate during immunity to novel antigens is unknown. Here, mice rendered deficient in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing sensory neurons, termed “nociceptors,” fail to develop competent antibody responses to KLH and hapten-NP. Moreover, selective optogenetic stimulation of TRPV1 neurons during immunization significantly enhanced antibody responses to antigens. Thus, TRPV1 nociceptors mediate antibody responses to novel antigen, and stimulating TRPV1 nociceptors enhances antibody responses during immunization. This is the first genetic and selective functional evidence that nociceptors are required during immunization to produce antigen-specific antibodies.SummaryThe first genetic and selective functional evidence showing that TRPV1-expressing nociceptors are required for competent antibody responses to novel antigen, and stimulating TRPV1 nociceptors enhances antibody responses to novel antigen.

scholarly journals Coordination of brain wide activity dynamics by dopaminergic neurons

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garret Stuber ◽  
Heather Decot ◽  
Vijay Namboodiri ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Jenna McHenry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions ◽  
Stimulation Of

Several neuropsychiatric conditions, such as addiction, schizophrenia, and depression may arise in part from dysregulated activity of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic (THVTA) neurons, as well as from more global maladaptation in neurocircuit function. However, whether THVTA activity affects large-scale brain-wide function remains unknown. Here, we selectively activated THVTA neurons in transgenic rats and measured resulting changes in whole-brain activity using stimulus-evoked functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Selective optogenetic stimulation of THVTA neurons not only enhanced cerebral blood volume (CBV) signals in striatal target regions in a dopamine receptor dependent fashion, but also engaged many additional anatomically defined regions throughout the brain. In addition, repeated pairing of THVTA neuronal activity with forepaw stimulation, produced an expanded brain-wide sensory representation. These data suggest that modulation of THVTA neurons can impact brain dynamics across many distributed anatomically distinct regions, even those that receive little to no direct THVTA input.

Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2406-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
Haibing Yue ◽  
Xian Chen ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Modulation ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

A flexible, implantable upconversion device is reported as an all-optical solution for wireless optogenetic stimulation of spinal cord tissue in freely moving rodents, adding to the current toolsets of wireless optogenetics giving possibilities for remote neural modulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document