Flexible and fully implantable upconversion device for wireless optogenetic stimulation of the spinal cord in behaving animals

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 2406-2414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Kai Xie ◽  
Haibing Yue ◽  
Xian Chen ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Neural Modulation ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

A flexible, implantable upconversion device is reported as an all-optical solution for wireless optogenetic stimulation of spinal cord tissue in freely moving rodents, adding to the current toolsets of wireless optogenetics giving possibilities for remote neural modulation.

Spinal and Supraspinal Effects of Long-Term Stimulation of Sensorimotor Cortex in Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yang Chen ◽  
Shreejith Pillai ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Spinal Cord Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sensorimotor cortex (SMC) modifies spinal cord reflex function throughout life and is essential for operant conditioning of the H-reflex. To further explore this long-term SMC influence over spinal cord function and its possible clinical uses, we assessed the effect of long-term SMC stimulation on the soleus H-reflex. In freely moving rats, the soleus H-reflex was measured 24 h/day for 12 wk. The soleus background EMG and M response associated with H-reflex elicitation were kept stable throughout. SMC stimulation was delivered in a 20-day-on/20-day-off/20-day-on protocol in which a train of biphasic 1-ms pulses at 25 Hz for 1 s was delivered every 10 s for the on-days. The SMC stimulus was automatically adjusted to maintain a constant descending volley. H-reflex size gradually increased during the 20 on-days, stayed high during the 20 off-days, and rose further during the next 20 on-days. In addition, the SMC stimulus needed to maintain a stable descending volley rose steadily over days. It fell during the 20 off-days and rose again when stimulation resumed. These results suggest that SMC stimulation, like H-reflex operant conditioning, induces activity-dependent plasticity in both the brain and the spinal cord and that the plasticity responsible for the H-reflex increase persists longer after the end of SMC stimulation than that underlying the change in the SMC response to stimulation.

scholarly journals SkinnerTrax: high-throughput behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation of Drosophila

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Stern ◽  
Chung-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cns Neurons ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractWhile red-shifted channelrhodopsin has been shown to be highly effective in activating CNS neurons in freely moving Drosophila, there were no existing high-throughput tools for closed-loop, behavior-dependent optogenetic stimulation of Drosophila. Here, we present SkinnerTrax to fill this void. SkinnerTrax stimulates individual flies promptly in response to their being at specific positions or performing specific actions. Importantly, SkinnerTrax was designed for and achieves significant throughput with simple and inexpensive components.

scholarly journals A micro-LED implant and technique for optogenetic stimulation of the rat spinal cord

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 113480
Author(s):  
S.E. Mondello ◽  
B.D. Pedigo ◽  
M.D. Sunshine ◽  
A.E. Fischedick ◽  
P.J. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Transient effect of mossy fiber stimulation on spatial firing of CA3 neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonyeup Lee ◽  
Miru Yun ◽  
Eunjae Cho ◽  
Jong Won Lee ◽  
Doyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mossy Fiber ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Mossy Fibers ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Place Fields ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Ca3 Neurons ◽  
Fiber Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractStrong hippocampal mossy fiber synapses are thought to function as detonators, imposing ‘teaching’ signals onto CA3 neurons during new memory formation. For an empirical test of this long-standing view, we examined effects of stimulating mossy fibers on spatial firing of CA3 neurons in freely-moving mice. We found that optogenetic stimulation of mossy fibers can alter CA3 spatial firing, but their effects are only transient. Spatially restricted mossy fiber stimulation, either congruent or incongruent with CA3 place fields, was more likely to suppress than enhance CA3 neuronal activity. Also, changes in spatial firing induced by optogenetic stimulation reverted immediately upon stimulation termination, leaving CA3 place fields unaltered. Our results do not support the traditional view that mossy fibers impose teaching signals onto CA3 network, and show robustness of established CA3 spatial representations.

scholarly journals The STROBE: a system for closed-looped optogenetic control of freely feeding flies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Musso ◽  
Pierre Junca ◽  
Meghan Jelen ◽  
Damian Feldman-Kiss ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Neural Excitation ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Feeding Circuits

AbstractManipulating feeding circuits in freely moving animals is challenging, in part because the timing of sensory inputs is affected by the animal’s behavior. To address this challenge in Drosophila, we developed the Sip-Triggered Optogenetic Behavior Enclosure (“STROBE”). The STROBE is a closed-looped system for real-time optogenetic activation of feeding flies, designed to evoke neural excitation coincident with food contact. We demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of sweet sensory neurons in the STROBE drives attraction to tasteless food, while activation of bitter sensory neurons promotes avoidance. Moreover, feeding behavior in the STROBE is modified by the fly’s internal state, as well as the presence of chemical taste ligands. We also find that mushroom body dopaminergic neurons and their respective post-synaptic partners drive opposing feeding behaviors following activation. Together, these results establish the STROBE as a new tool for dissecting fly feeding circuits and suggest a role for mushroom body circuits in processing naïve taste responses.

scholarly journals Large-scale all-optical dissection of motor cortex connectivity reveals a segregated functional organization of mouse forelimb representations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Resta ◽  
Elena Montagni ◽  
Giuseppe de Vito ◽  
Alessandro Scaglione ◽  
Anna Letizia Allegra Mascaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Voluntary Movements ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
All Optical ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

In rodent motor cortex, the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and the caudal forelimb area (CFA) are major actors in orchestrating the control of forelimb complex movements. However, their intrinsic connections and reciprocal functional organization are still unclear, limiting our understanding of how the brain coordinates and executes voluntary movements. Here we causally probed cortical connectivity and activation patterns triggered by transcranial optogenetic stimulation of ethologically relevant complex movements exploiting a novel large-scale all-optical method in awake mice. Results show specific activation features for each movement class, providing evidence for a segregated functional organization of CFA and RFA. Importantly, we identified a second discrete lateral grasping representation area, namely lateral forelimb area (LFA), with unique connectivity and activation patterns. Therefore, we propose the LFA as a distinct motor representation in the forelimb somatotopic motor map.

scholarly journals Calcium Imaging Reveals Host-Graft Synaptic Network Formation in Spinal Cord Injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ceto ◽  
KJ Sekiguchi ◽  
Y Takashima ◽  
A Nimmerjahn ◽  
MH Tuszynski
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor Cell ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryNeural stem/progenitor cell grafts integrate into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) and form anatomical and electrophysiological neuronal relays across lesions. To determine how grafts become synaptically organized and connect with host systems, we performed calcium imaging of neural progenitor cell grafts within sites of SCI, using both in vivo imaging and spinal cord slices. Stem cell grafts organize into localized synaptic networks that are spontaneously active. Following optogenetic stimulation of host corticospinal tract axons regenerating into grafts, distinct and segregated neuronal networks respond throughout the graft. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of graft axons extending out from the lesion into the denervated spinal cord also trigger responses in local host neuronal networks. In vivo imaging reveals that behavioral stimulation of host elicits focal synaptic responses within grafts. Thus, remarkably, neural progenitor cell grafts form functional synaptic subnetworks in patterns paralleling the normal spinal cord.

scholarly journals In Vivo Electrophysiology of Peptidergic Neurons in Deep Layers of the Lumbar Spinal Cord after Optogenetic Stimulation of Hypothalamic Paraventricular Oxytocin Neurons in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3400
Author(s):  
Daisuke Uta ◽  
Takumi Oti ◽  
Tatsuya Sakamoto ◽  
Hirotaka Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Stimulation Of

The spinal ejaculation generator (SEG) is located in the central gray (lamina X) of the rat lumbar spinal cord and plays a pivotal role in the ejaculatory reflex. We recently reported that SEG neurons express the oxytocin receptor and are activated by oxytocin projections from the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVH). However, it is unknown whether the SEG responds to oxytocin in vivo. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the brain–spinal cord neural circuit that controls male sexual function using a newly developed in vivo electrophysiological technique. Optogenetic stimulation of the PVH of rats expressing channel rhodopsin under the oxytocin receptor promoter increased the spontaneous firing of most lamina X SEG neurons. This is the first demonstration of the in vivo electrical response from the deeper (lamina X) neurons in the spinal cord. Furthermore, we succeeded in the in vivo whole-cell recordings of lamina X neurons. In vivo whole-cell recordings may reveal the features of lamina X SEG neurons, including differences in neurotransmitters and response to stimulation. Taken together, these results suggest that in vivo electrophysiological stimulation can elucidate the neurophysiological response of a variety of spinal neurons during male sexual behavior.

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