scholarly journals MEMS-Actuated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Neural Recording

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Zoll ◽  
Craig B. Schindler ◽  
Travis L. Massey ◽  
Daniel S. Drew ◽  
Michel M. Maharbiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Recording Electrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes ◽  
Brain Phantom ◽  
Recording Electrodes

AbstractMicrowire and microelectrode arrays used for cortical neural recording typically consist of tens to hundreds of recording sites, but often only a fraction of these sites are in close enough proximity to firing neurons to record single-unit activity. Recent work has demonstrated precise, depth-controllable mechanisms for the insertion of single neural recording electrodes, but these methods are mostly only capable of inserting electrodes which elicit adverse biological response. We present an electrostatic-based actuator capable of inserting individual carbon fiber microelectrodes which elicit minimal to no adverse biological response. The device is shown to insert a carbon fiber recording electrode into an agar brain phantom and can record an artificial neural signal in saline. This technique provides a platform generalizable to many microwire-style recording electrodes.

scholarly journals Laser Sharpening of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Brain Recording

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Dong ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Albert Shih
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Microwire microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are implanted in the brain for recording neuron activities to study the brain function. Among various microwire materials, carbon fiber stands out due to its small diameter (5–10 μm), relatively high Young's modulus, and low electrical resistance. Microwire tips in MEAs are often sharpened to reduce the insertion force and prevent the thin microwires from buckling. Currently, carbon fiber MEAs are sharpened by either torch burning, which limits the positions of wire tips to a water bath surface plane, or electrical discharge machining, which is difficult to implement to the nonelectrically conductive carbon fiber with parylene-C insulation. A laser-based carbon fiber sharpening method proposed in this study enables the fabrication of carbon fiber MEAs with sharp tips and custom lengths. Experiments were conducted to study effects of laser input voltage and transverse speed on carbon fiber tip geometry. Results of the tip sharpness and stripped length of the insulation as well as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement at 1 kHz were evaluated and analyzed. The laser input voltage and traverse speed have demonstrated to be critical for the sharp tip, short stripped length, and low electrical impedance of the carbon fiber electrode for brain recording MEAs. A carbon fiber MEA with custom electrode lengths was fabricated to validate the laser-based approach.

Laser Sharpening of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Brain Recording

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Dong ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Albert Shih
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Array Pattern ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Moving Speed

Abstract Microwire microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are implanted in the brain for recording neuron activities to study the brain functioning mechanism. Among various microwire materials that had been applied, carbon fiber is outstanding due to its small footprint (6–7 μm), relatively high Young’s modulus, and low electrical resistance. Tips of microwire in MEAs are often sharpened to reduce insertion force. Currently, carbon fiber MEAs are sharpened with either torch burning, which can only give a uniform length of wires in an array, or electrical discharge machining (EDM), which requires circuit connection with each single carbon fiber. The sharp tip results from intense burning induced by a flame or spark, leading to poor repeatability and controllability of the sharp tip geometry. In this paper, a laser-based, non-contact carbon fiber sharpening method is proposed, which enables controllable and repeatable production of carbon fiber MEAs of custom electrode lengths, insulation stripping lengths, and sharpened tips. Path of laser movement is designed according to desired array pattern. Variation in tip geometry can be accomplished by changing laser output power and moving speed. Test with different laser parameters (output power and moving speed) were conducted. Tip sharpening results were evaluated and analyzed in terms of tip geometry and insulation stripping length. Results showed that to achieve the desired MEA with sharper tip and shorter insulation stripping length, a higher laser power with faster moving speed is preferred.

scholarly journals Chronicin vivostability assessment of carbon fiber microelectrode arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 066002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras R Patel ◽  
Huanan Zhang ◽  
Matthew T Robbins ◽  
Justin B Nofar ◽  
Shaun P Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

scholarly journals A high-density carbon fiber neural recording array technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis L Massey ◽  
Samantha R Santacruz ◽  
Jason F Hou ◽  
Kristofer SJ Pister ◽  
Jose M Carmena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Implanted Electrodes ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Electrode Pitch ◽  
Isotropically Conductive Adhesive

Abstract.Objective: Microwire and Utah-style neural recording arrays are the predominant devices used for cortical neural recording, but the implanted electrodes cause a significant adverse biological response and suffer from well-studied performance degradation. Recent work has demonstrated that carbon fiber electrodes do not elicit this same adverse response, but these existing designs are not practically scalable to hundreds or thousands of recording sites. We present technology that overcomes these issues while additionally providing fine electrode pitch for spatial oversampling.Approach: We present a 32-channel carbon fiber monofilament-based intracortical neural recording array fabricated through a combination of bulk silicon microfabrication processing and microassembly. This device represents the first truly two-dimensional carbon fiber neural recording array. The density, channel count, and size scale of this array are enabled by an out-of-plane microassembly technique in which individual fibers are inserted through metallized and isotropically conductive adhesive-filled holes in an oxide-passivated microfabricated silicon substrate.Main results: Five-micron diameter fibers are spaced at a pitch of 38 microns, four times denser than state of the art one-dimensional arrays. The fine diameter of the carbon fibers affords both minimal cross-section and nearly three orders of magnitude greater lateral compliance than standard tungsten microwires. Typical 1 kHz impedances are on the order of hundreds of kiloohms, and successful in vivo recording is demonstrated in the motor cortex of a rat. 22 total units are recorded on 20 channels, with unit SNR ranging from 0.85 to 4.2.Significance: This is the highest density microwire-style electrode array to date, and this fabrication technique is scalable to a larger number of electrodes and allows for the potential future integration of microelectronics. Large-scale carbon fiber neural recording arrays are a promising technology for reducing the inflammatory response and increasing the information density, particularly in neural recording applications where microwire arrays are already used.

Facile Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1433-1436
Author(s):  
Zhan Jun Yang ◽  
Yan Yan Ren ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Xiao Ya Hu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
First Time

A novel strategy was proposed to fabricate carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). The resultant CFMEs were characterized using scan electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method only needs a simple heating step for achieving CFMEs without additional pulled, sealed and back-filled procedure. The electrochemical behaviors of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) at fabricated CFMEs in pH (2.0-9.0) was for the first time studied and demonstrated a two-charge and two-proton transference process.

Ferricyanide-backfilled cylindrical carbon fiber microelectrodes for in vivo analysis with high stability and low polarized potential

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (21) ◽  
pp. 7154-7159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Zhong ◽  
Ping Yu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jie Hao ◽  
Junjie Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes

A ferricyanide-backfilled cylindrical carbon fiber microelectrode of high stability and low polarized potential was fabricated and used for in vivo analysis.

scholarly journals Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

10.3791/62760 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen N. Reikersdorfer ◽  
Andrea K. Stacy ◽  
David A. Bressler ◽  
Lauren S. Hayashi ◽  
Keith B. Hengen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode

In vivo measurement of tubular fluid ferrocyanide with carbon-fiber microelectrodes

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
pp. F1158-F1166
Author(s):  
L. C. Moore ◽  
C. Clausen ◽  
E. F. Bowden ◽  
A. Birzgalis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes

Techniques to construct carbon-fiber microelectrodes and to measure ferrocyanide ion concentration in single nephrons are described. The measurement involves polarizing an inert carbon-fiber microelectrode 500 mV positive with respect to a Ag-AgCl reference, while measuring the faradic current produced by the oxidation of ferrocyanide. A carbon fiber (5-7 micron diam) is heat sealed into a glass micropipette that is then sharpened, silanized, and electrochemically pretreated to minimize electrode degradation by protein. Circuit diagrams for an inexpensive voltage clamp-current monitor and a data sampling device are presented. The electrodes show a linear response to changes in ferrocyanide concentration in large and very small (20 nl) volumes in vitro. The electrodes were used in an electrochemical microassay to determine tubular fluid-to-plasma ferrocyanide concentration ratios and nephron filtration rates with proximal micropuncture samples. The results show excellent agreement with paired determinations using [3H]inulin. In vivo proximal tubule perfusion experiments show a rapid linear response to changes in tubular fluid ferrocyanide concentration. These electrodes permit rapid quantitative measurements of ferrocyanide concentration and water transport in the proximal tubule and may be useful in other biological systems.

scholarly journals MEMS-Actuated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Neural Recording

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Zoll ◽  
Craig B. Schindler ◽  
Travis L. Massey ◽  
Daniel S. Drew ◽  
Michel M. Maharbiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Neural Recording ◽  
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode
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