scholarly journals Measures of Possible Allostatic Load in Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Use Disorder: Brain White Matter Integrity, Telomere Length, and Anti-Saccade Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Brain White Matter

AbstractChronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM) integrity, telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM integrity (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by T/S ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of white matter integrity as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.

scholarly journals Measures of possible allostatic load in comorbid cocaine and alcohol use disorder: Brain white matter integrity, telomere length, and anti-saccade performance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0199729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter

Changes in brain white matter integrity after Ppar-gamma agonist treatment for cocaine use disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. e113-e114
Author(s):  
Scott D. Lane ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
P.A. Narayana ◽  
Jessica Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Ppar Gamma Agonist

Altered brain white matter integrity in healthy carriers of the APOE ε4 allele

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Persson ◽  
J. Lind ◽  
A. Larsson ◽  
M. Ingvar ◽  
M. Cruts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Background: Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The neural mechanisms by which these genetic variations influence behavioral performance or clinical severity are not well understood.Methods: The authors used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate ultrastructural properties in brain white matter to detect pathologic processes that modify tissue integrity. Sixty participants were included in the study of which 30 were homozygous for the APOE ε3 allele, 10 were homozygous for the APOE ε4 allele, and 20 had the APOE ε34 allele combination. All individuals were non-demented, and the groups were matched on demographic variables and cognitive performance.Results: The results showed a decline in fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter integrity, in the posterior corpus callosum of ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Additional sites of altered white matter integrity included the medial temporal lobe.Conclusions: Although the mechanism underlying vulnerability of white matter tracts in APOE ε4 carriers is still unknown, these findings suggest that increased genetic risk for developing Alzheimer disease is associated with changes in microscopic white matter integrity well before the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals Diffusion tensor imaging of brain white matter in Huntington gene mutation individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Arb Saba ◽  
James H. Yared ◽  
Thomas M. Doring ◽  
Med Phys ◽  
Vanderci Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of the involvement of white matter tracts in huntingtin gene mutation patients as a potential biomarker of the progression of the disease. Methods We evaluated 34 participants (11 symptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, 12 presymptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, and 11 controls). We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging, with measurement of fractional anisotropy. Results We observed a significant decrease of fractional anisotropy in the cortical spinal tracts, corona radiate, corpus callosum, external capsule, thalamic radiations, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus in the Huntington disease group compared to the control and presymptomatic groups. Reduction of fractional anisotropy is indicative of a degenerative process and axonal loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the presymptomatic and control groups. Conclusion White matter integrity is affected in huntingtin gene mutation symptomatic individuals, but other studies with larger samples are required to assess its usefulness in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.

scholarly journals GRIN2B Gene and Associated Brain Cortical White Matter Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Combined Platform Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Nadia Kuswanto ◽  
Min Yi Sum ◽  
Christopher Ren Zhi Thng ◽  
Yi Bin Zhang ◽  
Guo Liang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Glutamate Toxicity ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Brain White Matter

Abnormalities in glutamate signaling and glutamate toxicity are thought to be important in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Whilst previous studies have found brain white matter changes in BD, there is paucity of data about how glutamatergic genes affect brain white matter integrity in BD. Based on extant neuroimaging data, we hypothesized that GRIN2B risk allele is associated with reductions of brain white matter integrity in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions and cingulate gyrus in BD. Fourteen patients with BD and 22 healthy controls matched in terms of age, gender and handedness were genotyped using blood samples and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Compared to G allele, brain FA values were significantly lower in BD patients with risk T allele in left frontal region (P=0.001), right frontal region (P=0.002), left parietal region (P=0.001), left occipital region (P=0.001), right occipital region (P<0.001), and left cingulate gyrus (P=0.001). Further elucidation of the interactions between different glutamate genes and their relationships with such structural, functional brain substrates will enhance our understanding of the link between dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuroimaging endophenotypes in BD.

Chronic Cocaine Use and White Matter Integrity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cooper Benton Hodges ◽  
Joel Steinberg ◽  
Edward Zuniga ◽  
Liangsuo Ma ◽  
James Matthew Bjork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Chronic Cocaine

Chronic substance use and its effects on brain function and structure has long been of interest to clinicians and researchers. Prior cross-sectional comparisons of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics have suggested deleterious effects of chronic substance use (i.e., cocaine use) on white matter integrity. However, it is unclear whether these effects would persist when accounting for confounding factors, such as chronic alcohol use, and how improving DTI technologies may enhance detection of substance use-related pathology. In this study, we sought to conduct a replication of previous work in this area and determine whether there are any patterns of persistent differences in white matter microstructure between individuals with a history of Cocaine Use Disorder (CocUD, according to DSM-IV) and healthy controls. 46 participants (21 healthy controls, 25 chronic cocaine users) were recruited from the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. Information regarding past and current substance use was collected from all participants. Participants also completed structural and DTI scans. Consistent with previous DTI studies, significant differences were found between CocUD and controls. These differences were in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity but not other diffusivity metrics. Lifetime alcohol consumption was greater in the CocUD group, but lifetime alcohol consumption did not show significant linear relationship with any of the DTI metrics in within-group regression analyses. These data align with previously reported declines in white matter integrity in chronic cocaine users. However, it is less clear whether comorbid alcohol consumption results in an additive deleterious effect on white matter microstructure.

Arterial Stiffness Is Associated with White Matter Disruption and Cognitive Impairment: A Community-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Fei Han ◽  
Fei-Fei Zhai ◽  
Ming-Li Li ◽  
Li-Xin Zhou ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Mechanisms through which arterial stiffness impacts cognitive function are crucial for devising better strategies to prevent cognitive decline. Objective: To examine the associations of arterial stiffness with white matter integrity and cognition in community dwellings, and to investigate whether white matter injury was the intermediate of the associations between arterial stiffness and cognition. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional analysis on 952 subjects (aged 55.5±9.1 years) who underwent diffusion tensor imaging and measurement of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Both linear regression and tract-based spatial statistics were used to investigate the association between baPWV and white matter integrity. The association between baPWV and global cognitive function, measured as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was evaluated. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the influence of white matter integrity on the association of baPWV with MMSE. Results: Increased baPWV was significantly associated with lower mean global fractional anisotropy (β= –0.118, p < 0.001), higher mean diffusivity (β= 0.161, p < 0.001), axial diffusivity (β= 0.160, p < 0.001), and radial diffusivity (β= 0.147, p < 0.001) after adjustment of age, sex, and hypertension, which were measures having a direct effect on arterial stiffness and white matter integrity. After adjustment of age, sex, education, apolipoprotein E ɛ4, cardiovascular risk factors, and brain atrophy, we found an association of increased baPWV with worse performance on MMSE (β= –0.093, p = 0.011). White matter disruption partially mediated the effect of baPWV on MMSE. Conclusion: Arterial stiffness is associated with white matter disruption and cognitive decline. Reduced white matter integrity partially explained the effect of arterial stiffness on cognition.

Diffusion tensor imaging analysis in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis to determine the alteration of microstructural subcortical white-matter integrity

2020 ◽  
pp. 197140092098031
Author(s):  
Pranjal Phukan ◽  
Kalyan Sarma ◽  
Aman Yusuf Khan ◽  
Bhupen Barman ◽  
Md Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis is non-specific, and in the majority of the cases, conventional MRI fails to detect any abnormality. However, autopsy reports depict central nervous system involvement in almost all patients. There is therefore a need for research on the quantitative assessment of brain parenchyma that can detect microstructural abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the microstructural integrity changes of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis by using different diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of scrub typhus meningoencephalitis. Seven patients and seven age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Different DTI parameters such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), relative anisotropy (RA), trace, volume ratio (VR) and geodesic anisotropy (GA) were obtained from six different regions of subcortical white matter at the level of the centrum semiovale. Intergroup significant difference was determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the accuracy of the DTI matrices. Results There was a significant decrease in FA, RA and GA as well as an increase in ADC and VR in the subcortical white matter in patients with scrub typhus meningoencephalitis compared to controls ( p < 0.001). The maximum sensitivity of the DTI parameters was 85.7%, and the maximum specificity was 81%. Conclusion There was an alteration of subcortical white-matter integrity in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis that represents the axonal degeneration, myelin breakdown and neuronal degeneration. DTI may be a useful tool to detect white-matter abnormalities in scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in clinical practice, particularly in patients with negative conventional MRI.

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