scholarly journals PPAR-gamma agonist pioglitazone modifies craving intensity and brain white matter integrity in patients with primary cocaine use disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy M. Schmitz ◽  
Charles E. Green ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Jessica Vincent ◽  
Robert Suchting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Ppar Gamma Agonist

Changes in brain white matter integrity after Ppar-gamma agonist treatment for cocaine use disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. e113-e114
Author(s):  
Scott D. Lane ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
P.A. Narayana ◽  
Jessica Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Ppar Gamma Agonist

scholarly journals Measures of Possible Allostatic Load in Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Use Disorder: Brain White Matter Integrity, Telomere Length, and Anti-Saccade Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Brain White Matter

AbstractChronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM) integrity, telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM integrity (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by T/S ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of white matter integrity as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.

Whole brain white matter integrity measures on patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). FA and entropy analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Charalambos Yiannakkaras ◽  
Nikos Konstantinou ◽  
Eva Pettemeridou ◽  
Fofi Constantinidou ◽  
Eleni Eracleous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Entropy Analysis ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain White Matter

Are Anesthesia and Surgery during Infancy Associated with Decreased White Matter Integrity and Volume during Childhood?

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Block ◽  
Vincent A. Magnotta ◽  
Emine O. Bayman ◽  
James Y. Choi ◽  
Joss J. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Superior Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle

AbstractBackgroundAnesthetics have neurotoxic effects in neonatal animals. Relevant human evidence is limited. We sought such evidence in a structural neuroimaging study.MethodsTwo groups of children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging: patients who, during infancy, had one of four operations commonly performed in otherwise healthy children and comparable, nonexposed control subjects. Total and regional brain tissue composition and volume, as well as regional indicators of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), were analyzed.ResultsAnalyses included 17 patients, without potential confounding central nervous system problems or risk factors, who had general anesthesia and surgery during infancy and 17 control subjects (age ranges, 12.3 to 15.2 yr and 12.6 to 15.1 yr, respectively). Whole brain white matter volume, as a percentage of total intracranial volume, was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group, 37.3 ± 0.4% and 38.9 ± 0.4% (least squares mean ± SE), respectively, a difference of 1.5 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.8; P = 0.016). Corresponding decreases were statistically significant for parietal and occipital lobes, infratentorium, and brainstem separately. White matter integrity was lower for the exposed than the nonexposed group in superior cerebellar peduncle, cerebral peduncle, external capsule, cingulum (cingulate gyrus), and fornix (cres) and/or stria terminalis. The groups did not differ in total intracranial, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid volumes.ConclusionsChildren who had anesthesia and surgery during infancy showed broadly distributed, decreased white matter integrity and volume. Although the findings may be related to anesthesia and surgery during infancy, other explanations are possible.

scholarly journals Reduced Brain White Matter Integrity in Trichotillomania

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Adam Hampshire ◽  
Lara A. Menzies ◽  
Eleftherios Garyfallidis ◽  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter

CACNA1C Genomewide Supported Psychosis Genetic Variation Affects Cortical Brain White Matter Integrity in Chinese Patients With Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. e1284-e1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puay San Woon ◽  
Min Yi Sum ◽  
Carissa Nadia Kuswanto ◽  
Guo Liang Yang ◽  
Yih Yian Sitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Brain White Matter

scholarly journals Does craving for cocaine mediate cocaine use? Analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial of memory-focused cognitive therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204380871986071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Goetz ◽  
Tim Meynen ◽  
Luke Mitcheson ◽  
Nick Grey ◽  
Brian Eastwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cocaine Craving

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a debilitating psychopathology, with no recommended medication therapy or specific psychological intervention. Memory-focused cognitive therapy (MFCT) is a novel psychotherapy for CUD, theorized to modify and reconsolidate cocaine craving-related memories for cognitive and behavioral control. A pilot randomized controlled trial indicated that this therapy is associated with reduced craving and cocaine use. With an 80% confidence interval (CI) set for null hypothesis testing, we conducted an exploratory causal mediation analysis with confounder adjustment to determine whether increased cocaine abstinence following MFCT is mediated by reduced craving experience and increased emotion regulation. Participant data on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale did not meet screening evaluation as a potential mediator. Cocaine craving (assessed by the frequency version of the Craving Experiences Questionnaire) was associated with a total treatment effect of MFCT on cocaine abstinence at follow-up (1.499; 80% CI 1.114 to 1.970; p = .012). A significant natural indirect effect indicated that reductions in cocaine use were strongly mediated by reduced frequency of craving experience (1.753; 80% CI: 1.334 to 2.936; p < .0001). This study provides exploratory evidence in support of the theoretical action for MFCT and underscores the importance of craving as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. e193869 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hutton ◽  
Jonathan Dudley ◽  
Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus ◽  
Tom DeWitt ◽  
Scott K. Holland
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Media Use ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Preschool Aged Children
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