scholarly journals GRIN2B Gene and Associated Brain Cortical White Matter Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Combined Platform Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Nadia Kuswanto ◽  
Min Yi Sum ◽  
Christopher Ren Zhi Thng ◽  
Yi Bin Zhang ◽  
Guo Liang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Glutamate Toxicity ◽  
Occipital Region ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Brain White Matter

Abnormalities in glutamate signaling and glutamate toxicity are thought to be important in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Whilst previous studies have found brain white matter changes in BD, there is paucity of data about how glutamatergic genes affect brain white matter integrity in BD. Based on extant neuroimaging data, we hypothesized that GRIN2B risk allele is associated with reductions of brain white matter integrity in the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions and cingulate gyrus in BD. Fourteen patients with BD and 22 healthy controls matched in terms of age, gender and handedness were genotyped using blood samples and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Compared to G allele, brain FA values were significantly lower in BD patients with risk T allele in left frontal region (P=0.001), right frontal region (P=0.002), left parietal region (P=0.001), left occipital region (P=0.001), right occipital region (P<0.001), and left cingulate gyrus (P=0.001). Further elucidation of the interactions between different glutamate genes and their relationships with such structural, functional brain substrates will enhance our understanding of the link between dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuroimaging endophenotypes in BD.

scholarly journals Microstructural White Matter Changes in the Corpus Callosum of Young People with Bipolar Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e59108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lagopoulos ◽  
Daniel F. Hermens ◽  
Sean N. Hatton ◽  
Juliette Tobias-Webb ◽  
Kristi Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Young People ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

scholarly journals 18F-AV1451 PET imaging and white matter changes in progressive supranuclear palsy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Nicastro ◽  
Patricia Vazquez Rodriguez ◽  
Maura Malpetti ◽  
William Richard Bevan-Jones ◽  
P. Simon Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Matter Changes

ABSTRACTIntroductionProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized by deposition of straight filament tau aggregates in the grey matter of deep nuclei and cerebellum. White matter changes are increasingly documented as a feature of degenerative parkinsonism. We therefore examined the relationship between tau pathology (assessed via 18F-AV1451 positron emission tomography) and white matter integrity (using diffusion tensor imaging, DTI) in PSP.MethodsTwenty-three people with clinically probable PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (age 68.8 ± 5.8 years, 39% female) and 23 controls underwent structural 3T brain MRI including DTI. Twenty-one patients also underwent 18F-AV145 PET imaging. DTI group comparisons were performed using Fractional Anisotropy (FA), Mean Diffusivity (MD) and Radial Diffusivity (RD). Voxel-wise white matter integrity was correlated with 18F-AV1451 binding in typical subcortical PSP regions of interest (i.e. putamen, pallidum, thalamus and midbrain). DTI and 18F-AV1451 imaging measures were correlated with clinical impairment.ResultsWidespread DTI changes in PSP subjects relative to controls (family-wise error FWE p<0.01) were observed. In PSP, higher 18F-AV1451 binding correlated with reduced white matter integrity in the bilateral internal capsule, corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus (FWE p<0.05). Association between cognitive impairment (ACER score) and white matter deficits were found in the genu of corpus callosum and cingulum (p<0.005).ConclusionThis cross-sectional study demonstrates an association between in vivo proxy measures of tau pathology and white matter degeneration in PSP. Longitudinal studies and more specific PET probes for non-Alzheimer tauopathies are warranted to assess the complex interplay between microstructural changes and protein deposition in PSP.

scholarly journals Decreased White Matter Integrity in Neuropsychologically Defined Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Independent of Cortical Thinning

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki H. Stricker ◽  
David H. Salat ◽  
Jessica M. Foley ◽  
Tyler A. Zink ◽  
Ida L. Kellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
White Matter Changes

AbstractImproved understanding of the pattern of white matter changes in early and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) states such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is necessary to support earlier preclinical detection of AD, and debate remains whether white matter changes in MCI are secondary to gray matter changes. We applied neuropsychologically based MCI criteria to a sample of normally aging older adults; 32 participants met criteria for MCI and 81 participants were classified as normal control (NC) subjects. Whole-head high resolution T1 and diffusion tensor imaging scans were completed. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was applied and a priori selected regions of interest were extracted. Hippocampal volume and cortical thickness averaged across regions with known vulnerability to AD were derived. Controlling for cortical thickness, the MCI group showed decreased average fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreased FA in parietal white matter and in white matter underlying the entorhinal and posterior cingulate cortices relative to the NC group. Statistically controlling for cortical thickness, medial temporal FA was related to memory and parietal FA was related to executive functioning. These results provide further support for the potential role of white matter integrity as an early biomarker for individuals at risk for AD and highlight that changes in white matter may be independent of gray matter changes. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–13)

Altered brain white matter integrity in healthy carriers of the APOE ε4 allele

Neurology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Persson ◽  
J. Lind ◽  
A. Larsson ◽  
M. Ingvar ◽  
M. Cruts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Background: Previous research has shown that polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) represent genetic risk factors for dementia and for cognitive impairment in the elderly. The neural mechanisms by which these genetic variations influence behavioral performance or clinical severity are not well understood.Methods: The authors used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate ultrastructural properties in brain white matter to detect pathologic processes that modify tissue integrity. Sixty participants were included in the study of which 30 were homozygous for the APOE ε3 allele, 10 were homozygous for the APOE ε4 allele, and 20 had the APOE ε34 allele combination. All individuals were non-demented, and the groups were matched on demographic variables and cognitive performance.Results: The results showed a decline in fractional anisotropy, a marker for white matter integrity, in the posterior corpus callosum of ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers. Additional sites of altered white matter integrity included the medial temporal lobe.Conclusions: Although the mechanism underlying vulnerability of white matter tracts in APOE ε4 carriers is still unknown, these findings suggest that increased genetic risk for developing Alzheimer disease is associated with changes in microscopic white matter integrity well before the onset of dementia.

scholarly journals Diffusion imaging studies of white matter integrity in bipolar disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bellani ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a neuroimaging technique with a potential to elucidate white matter integrity. Recently, it has been used in the field of psychiatry to further understand the pathophysiology of major diseases, including bipolar disorder (BD). This review sought to focus on existing DTI findings on white matter organization in BD.

scholarly journals Diffusion tensor imaging of brain white matter in Huntington gene mutation individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Arb Saba ◽  
James H. Yared ◽  
Thomas M. Doring ◽  
Med Phys ◽  
Vanderci Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of the involvement of white matter tracts in huntingtin gene mutation patients as a potential biomarker of the progression of the disease. Methods We evaluated 34 participants (11 symptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, 12 presymptomatic huntingtin gene mutation, and 11 controls). We performed brain magnetic resonance imaging to assess white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging, with measurement of fractional anisotropy. Results We observed a significant decrease of fractional anisotropy in the cortical spinal tracts, corona radiate, corpus callosum, external capsule, thalamic radiations, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus in the Huntington disease group compared to the control and presymptomatic groups. Reduction of fractional anisotropy is indicative of a degenerative process and axonal loss. There was no statistically significant difference between the presymptomatic and control groups. Conclusion White matter integrity is affected in huntingtin gene mutation symptomatic individuals, but other studies with larger samples are required to assess its usefulness in the progression of the neurodegenerative process.

scholarly journals Measures of Possible Allostatic Load in Comorbid Cocaine and Alcohol Use Disorder: Brain White Matter Integrity, Telomere Length, and Anti-Saccade Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonika Tannous ◽  
Benson Mwangi ◽  
Khader M. Hasan ◽  
Ponnada A. Narayana ◽  
Joel L. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Brain White Matter

AbstractChronic cocaine and alcohol use impart significant stress on biological and cognitive systems, resulting in changes consistent with an allostatic load model of neurocognitive impairment. The present study measured potential markers of allostatic load in individuals with comorbid cocaine/alcohol use disorders (CUD/AUD) and control subjects. Measures of brain white matter (WM) integrity, telomere length, and impulsivity/attentional bias were obtained. WM integrity (CUD/AUD only) was indexed by diffusion tensor imaging metrics, including radial diffusivity (RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Telomere length was indexed by T/S ratio. Impulsivity and attentional bias to drug cues were measured via eye-tracking, and were also modeled using the Hierarchical Diffusion Drift Model (HDDM). Average whole-brain RD and FA were associated with years of cocaine use (R2 = 0.56 and 0.51, both p < .005) but not years of alcohol use. CUD/AUD subjects showed more anti-saccade errors (p < .01), greater attentional bias scores (p < .001), and higher HDDM drift rates on cocaine-cue trials (Bayesian probability CUD/AUD > control = p > 0.99). Telomere length was shorter in CUD/AUD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Within the CUD/AUD group, exploratory regression using an elastic-net model determined that more years of cocaine use, older age, larger HDDM drift rate differences and shorter telomere length were all predictive of white matter integrity as measured by RD (model R2 = 0.79). Collectively, the results provide modest support linking CUD/AUD to putative markers of allostatic load.

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