scholarly journals Cyanobacterial Growth on Municipal Wastewater Requires Low Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Korosh ◽  
Andrew Dutcher ◽  
Brian F. Pfleger ◽  
Katherine D. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSide-streams in wastewater treatment plants can serve as concentrated sources of nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus) to support the growth of photosynthetic organisms that ultimately serve as feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. However, other chemical characteristics of these streams may inhibit growth in unanticipated ways. Here, we evaluated the use of liquid recovered from municipal anaerobic digesters via gravity belt filtration as a nutrient source for growing the cyanobacteriumSynechococcussp. strain PCC 7002. The gravity belt filtrate (GBF) contained high levels of complex dissolved organic matter (DOM), which seemed to negatively influence cells. We investigated the impact of GBF on physiological parameters such as growth rate, membrane integrity, membrane composition, photosystem composition, and oxygen evolution from photosystem II. At 37°C, we observed an inverse correlation between GBF concentration and membrane integrity. Radical production was also detected upon exposure to GBF at 37°C. However, at 27°C the dose dependent relationship between GBF concentration and lack of membrane integrity was abolished. Immediate resuspension of strains in high doses of GBF showed markedly reduced oxygen evolution rates relative to the control. Together, this suggests that one mechanism responsible for GBF toxicity toSynechococcusis the interruption of photosynthetic electron flow and subsequent phenomena. We hypothesize this is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds within the DOM.IMPORTANCECyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “bio-refineries”. Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivatingSynechococcusstrain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams; treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g. lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Growth on a Municipal Wastewater Sidestream Is Impacted by Temperature

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Korosh ◽  
Andrew Dutcher ◽  
Brian F. Pfleger ◽  
Katherine D. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivatingSynechococcussp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions.

A proposed sustainable BNR plant with the emphasis on recovery of COD and phosphate

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-D. Hao ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Water problems have to be solved in an integrated way, and sustainability has become a major issue. For this reason, developing more sustainable wastewater treatment processes is needed. New discoveries and good understanding on microbial conversions of nitrogen and phosphorus make more sustainable processes possible. New options for decentralized sustainable sanitation are generally compared to conventional sewage systems, we think that for a proper comparison also innovative centralized treatment schemes should be evaluated. In this article, a more sustainable WWTP is proposed for municipal wastewater treatment, mainly based on the principles of denitrifying dephosphatation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). The proposed system consists of a first stage of the A/B process in which maximal sludge production is achieved. In this way, COD is regained as sludge for methanation. The following BCFS® and CANON processes can remove N and P with minimal or no COD need. As a potential fertiliser, struvite can easily be removed from the sludge water by adding magnesium compounds. A case study is done on the basis of the mass balance over the proposed plant. The effluent from the system has a good quality to be recycled. This could also make a contribution to meeting the world's water needs and lessening the impact on the world's water environment. Since all the separate units are already applied or tested on pilot-scale, no problems for technical implementation are foreseen.

scholarly journals Biological Removal of Nutrients Using Hybrid Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraddi Bheemaraddi Meti
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
The Impact

The economic opportunity and quality of human life depend upon the continued availability of a life-sustaining environment. Understanding how we and other organisms affect, and are affected by, our environment is an important first step toward maintaining a sustainable future. As environmental engineers, we have to deal with natural systems and also expand our conceptualization of environmental engineering to include societal, legal and financial aspects. Water, by its very nature, is vital for the survival of life on the earth. If today, the struggle amongst the nations is for the resources such as oil, a survey of the United Nations suggests that in the future, it will be a struggle for drinking water. This shows how much importance we have to pay to the water and water quality to assure our future generation of a life-sustainable environment to live upon. As industrialization and population growth continues, the problem of eutrophication, which is the accelerated ageing of lakes and estuaries, etc., due to excess plant and algal growth has been and going to be witnessed all over the world. This is the result of discharges of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to these water bodies. Hence, environmental engineers are working hard in designing the wastewater treatment system that could remove these pollutants in an efficient and cost effective way. The components in wastewater treatment processes may be conveniently categorized as physical, chemical and biological operations, but understanding the principles governing their behaviour is a prerequisite for successful process design. Biological wastewater treatment has seen a significant growth in the last 25 years. Particular occurrence was recognition of the many events that can happen simultaneously in biological processes and the role that the design engineer has in determining which predominates. The impact on process design of this recognition demanded that the present and future environmental engineers begin to think in multiple events rather than compartmentalizing them. These necessitate the need for better understanding of microbiology and reactor engineering to achieve the improved results in biological wastewater treatment. In the part of literature review, emphasis has been made to understand the nature of biochemical operations, kinetics, stoichiometry and some conflicts of the major reactions occurring in different environments and design processes. However, the important aspect of understanding and appreciating the complex interactions occurring among the micro-organisms that form the ecosystems in the biological process operations has been discussed in length in the section recent research part. Some conflicts have arisen in a single biological wastewater treatment system that simultaneously removes nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, resolving these conflicts and enhancing the process performance are the primary goal of this project work. An effort has been made to modify the process design and combine continuous stirred tank reactor and rotating biological contactors to overcome these conflicts. The combined hybrid system will provide two kinds bacteria population: suspended activated sludge bacteria and biofilm bacteria. Together, these can improve the efficiency of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the municipal wastewater.

scholarly journals Biological Removal of Nutrients Using Hybrid Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraddi Bheemaraddi Meti
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
The Impact

The economic opportunity and quality of human life depend upon the continued availability of a life-sustaining environment. Understanding how we and other organisms affect, and are affected by, our environment is an important first step toward maintaining a sustainable future. As environmental engineers, we have to deal with natural systems and also expand our conceptualization of environmental engineering to include societal, legal and financial aspects. Water, by its very nature, is vital for the survival of life on the earth. If today, the struggle amongst the nations is for the resources such as oil, a survey of the United Nations suggests that in the future, it will be a struggle for drinking water. This shows how much importance we have to pay to the water and water quality to assure our future generation of a life-sustainable environment to live upon. As industrialization and population growth continues, the problem of eutrophication, which is the accelerated ageing of lakes and estuaries, etc., due to excess plant and algal growth has been and going to be witnessed all over the world. This is the result of discharges of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to these water bodies. Hence, environmental engineers are working hard in designing the wastewater treatment system that could remove these pollutants in an efficient and cost effective way. The components in wastewater treatment processes may be conveniently categorized as physical, chemical and biological operations, but understanding the principles governing their behaviour is a prerequisite for successful process design. Biological wastewater treatment has seen a significant growth in the last 25 years. Particular occurrence was recognition of the many events that can happen simultaneously in biological processes and the role that the design engineer has in determining which predominates. The impact on process design of this recognition demanded that the present and future environmental engineers begin to think in multiple events rather than compartmentalizing them. These necessitate the need for better understanding of microbiology and reactor engineering to achieve the improved results in biological wastewater treatment. In the part of literature review, emphasis has been made to understand the nature of biochemical operations, kinetics, stoichiometry and some conflicts of the major reactions occurring in different environments and design processes. However, the important aspect of understanding and appreciating the complex interactions occurring among the micro-organisms that form the ecosystems in the biological process operations has been discussed in length in the section recent research part. Some conflicts have arisen in a single biological wastewater treatment system that simultaneously removes nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, resolving these conflicts and enhancing the process performance are the primary goal of this project work. An effort has been made to modify the process design and combine continuous stirred tank reactor and rotating biological contactors to overcome these conflicts. The combined hybrid system will provide two kinds bacteria population: suspended activated sludge bacteria and biofilm bacteria. Together, these can improve the efficiency of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the municipal wastewater.

scholarly journals Treatment of Actual Winery Wastewater by Fenton-like Process: Optimization to Improve Organic Removal, Reduce Inorganic Sludge Production and Enhance Co-Treatment at Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Melody Blythe Johnson ◽  
Mehrab Mehrvar
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Winery Wastewater ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Despite many wineries being equipped with onsite wastewater treatment, winery wastewater (WWW) co-treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a common practice in wine-making regions. The complex and highly variable nature of WWW can result in negative impacts on WWTP operations, highlighting a need for improved co-treatment methods. In this paper, the feasibility of using the Fenton-like process to pre-treat WWW to enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs is assessed. First-stage pre-treatment of the WWW, in the form of dilution and settling or aerobic biological treatment, is used prior to the Fenton-like process. A three-factor BBD experimental design is used to identify optimal reaction time and initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates are not able to accurately reflect the extent of reaction. Additional trials identified solubilization of particulate COD and TOC, as well as samples handling requirements prior to analysis, as factors affecting the apparent COD and TOC removal rates. Inert suspended solids (ISS) generated during the sample handling process are found to be the response variable best suited to quantifying the extent of the Fenton-like reaction. Maximum ISS generation is observed at initial H2O2 and Fe3+ concentrations of 4000 mg/L and 325 mg/L, however, results suggest that optimal concentrations exceed these values. The impact of adding pre-treated WWW, with and without Fenton-like treatment, to municipal WWTPs’ primary clarifiers and aerobic bioreactors is also assessed via bench-scale trials. Challenges associated with co-treating WWW are found to remain despite the pre-treatment alternatives investigated, including negative impacts on simulated primary and secondary effluent quality. The Fenton-like AOP provides limited opportunity to optimize or enhance co-treatment at municipal WWTPs.

A study about the use of chemicals in conventional tertiary treatment. Performances comparison of three municipal wastewater treatment plants and pilot plant experiences

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iborra-Clar ◽  
J.A. Mendoza-Roca ◽  
A. Bes-Pií ◽  
J.J. Morenilla-Martínez ◽  
I. Bernácer-Bonora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Valencian Region ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Rainfall diminution in the last years has entailed water scarcity in plenty of European regions, especially in Mediterranean areas. As a consequence, regional water authorities have enhanced wastewater reclamation and reuse. Thus, the implementation of tertiary treatments has become of paramount importance in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) of Valencian Region (Spain). Conventional tertiary treatments consist of a physico-chemical treatment of the secondary effluent followed by sand filtration and UV radiation. However, the addition of coagulants and flocculants sometimes does not contribute significantly in the final water quality. In this work, results of 20-months operation of three WWTP in Valencian Region with different tertiary treatments (two without chemicals addition and another with chemicals addition) are discussed. Besides, experiments with a 2 m3/h pilot plant located in the WWTP Quart-Benager in Valencia were performed in order to evaluate with the same secondary effluent the effect of the chemicals addition on the final water quality. Results showed that the addition of chemicals did not improve the final water quality significantly. These results were observed both comparing the three full scale plants and in the pilot plant operation.

WASTEWATER DISINFECTION BY UV AT TRANI MUNICIPAL PLANT

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carnimeo ◽  
E. Contini ◽  
R. Di Marino ◽  
F. Donadio ◽  
L. Liberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Effluent Characteristics

The pilot investigation on the use of UV as an alternative disinfectant to NaOCI was started in 1992 at Trani (South Italy) municipal wastewater treatment plant (335 m3/h). The results collected after six months continuous operation enabled us to compare UV and NaOCl disinfection effectiveness on the basis of secondary effluent characteristics, quantify photoreactivation effects, evidence possible DBP formation and assess costs.

scholarly journals Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Six Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic in The United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Samendra P. Sherchan ◽  
Shalina Shahin ◽  
Jeenal Patel ◽  
Lauren M. Ward ◽  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wastewater Samples

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in primary influent (n = 42), secondary effluent (n = 24) and tertiary treated effluent (n = 34) collected from six wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A–F) in Virginia (WWTP A), Florida (WWTPs B, C, and D), and Georgia (WWTPs E and F) in the United States during April–July 2020. Of the 100 wastewater samples analyzed, eight (19%) untreated wastewater samples collected from the primary influents contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. SARS-CoV-2 RNA were detected in influent wastewater samples collected from WWTP A (Virginia), WWTPs E and F (Georgia) and WWTP D (Florida). Secondary and tertiary effluent samples were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA indicating the treatment processes in these WWTPs potentially removed SARS-CoV-2 RNA during the secondary and tertiary treatment processes. However, further studies are needed to understand the log removal values (LRVs) and transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 RNA through analyzing wastewater samples from a wider range of WWTPs.

Impact of a wastewater treatment plant on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts occurring in a surface water

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Carraro ◽  
E. Fea ◽  
S. Salva ◽  
G. Gilli
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receiving Water ◽  
Giardia Cysts

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) on the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in the receiving water. All MWTP effluent samples were Giardia and Cryptosporidium contaminated, although low mean values were found for both parasites (0.21±0.06 oocysts/L; 1.39±0.51 cysts/L). Otherwise, in the raw sewage a greater concentration was detected (4.5±0.3 oocysts/L; 53.6±6.8 cysts/L). The major occurrence of Giardia over Cryptosporidium, both in the influent and in the effluent of the MWTP, is probably related to the human sewage contribution to the wastewater. Data on protozoa contamination of the receiving water body demonstrated similar concentrations in the samples collected before (0.21±0.07 oocysts/L; 1.31±0.38 cysts/L) and after (0.17±0.09 oocysts/L and 1.01±1.05 cysts/L) the plant effluent discharge. The results of this study suggest that the MWTP has no impact related to Giardia and Cryptosporidium river water contamination, and underline the need for investigation into the effectiveness of these protozoa removal by less technologically advanced MWTPs which are the most widespread and could probably show a lower ability to reduce protozoa.

scholarly journals Ecohydrological modelling of water discharge and nitrate loads in a mesoscale lowland catchment, Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. D. Lam ◽  
B. Schmalz ◽  
N. Fohrer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Validation Period ◽  
Calibration Period ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The aims of this study are to identify the capacities of applying an ecohydrological model for simulating flow and to assess the impact of point and non-point source pollution on nitrate loads in a complex lowland catchment, which has special hydrological characteristics in comparison with those of other catchments. The study area Kielstau catchment has a size of approximately 50 km2 and is located in the North German lowlands. The water quality is not only influenced by the predominating agricultural land use in the catchment as cropland and pasture, but also by six municipal wastewater treatment plants. Ecohydrological models like the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) are useful tools for simulating nutrient loads in river catchments. Diffuse entries from the agriculture resulting from fertilizers as well as punctual entries from the wastewater treatment plants are implemented in the model set-up. The results of this study show good agreement between simulated and measured daily discharges with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and a correlation coefficient of 0.76 and 0.88 for the calibration period (November 1998 to October 2004); 0.75 and 0.92 for the validation period (November 2004 to December 2007). The model efficiency for daily nitrate loads is 0.64 and 0.5 for the calibration period (June 2005 to May 2007) and the validation period (June 2007 to December 2007), respectively. The study revealed that SWAT performed satisfactorily in simulating daily flow and nitrate loads at the lowland catchment in Northern Germany.

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