Suitability of water treatment chemicals in the remediation of produced water: a data-driven approach

There exist numerous counts of research works on produced water. We got to know about them because they made it to publishing probably by indicating a positive or promising result. Contrarily, there exist a hundred times unpublished, unreported works on produced water; works rejected based on not yielding desirable results or not being innovative enough. We might have encountered undesirable results but to what depths and time have we committed to mining out intricate details. The world is thinking and demanding sustainability. Is it sustainable for the future of water treatment, the ease and pace at which we transition to the next chemical or treatment option? In this data-centred approach, three common chemicals, aluminium sulphate, ferrous ammonium sulphate and calcium chloride, were used to treat produced water. The collected data (both initial and final analysis) were inferentially analysed. The first statistical analysis was the testing of 2 hypotheses using the Analysis of Variance test. This was done to reveal to compare the dependence of produced water properties on two categorical variables (sample type and treatment chemicals). The second was the test for relevance: correlation and regression analyses. The laboratory experimental analysis revealed that aluminium sulphate was most suitable for the alteration of physical effluent characteristics; ferrous ammonium sulphate for salinity concerns and calcium chloride for a particular heavy metal’s stability. The overall effluent characteristics indicated a greater dependency on ‘sample type’ than ‘treatment chemicals’. Certain produced water properties relationships were highlighted and quantified for instance iron(II) and chloride ion concentrations were dependent on total solids and indicated a significance F of 0.01.

Sequential Batch Reactor for Bio Degradation of Organic Wastewater: A Review

Wastewater treatment is challengeable in today’s scenario, as it contains many types and varying physical and chemical pollutants which enormously effect the environment and its living beings. The current review elaborates treatment of various organic effluents using sequential batch reactor (SBR). Reactor operating conditions like anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic in single or mixed forms have been covered in the review. Literatures say that SBR can be used to treat many organic, industrial and municipal wastewater (MWW) successfully. Strict effluent characteristics from government force the individuals to treat the effluent to such extent so that it can match the discharge norms of wastewater.

A Review on Rotating Biological Contactors

Rotating biological contactors (RBC) is a wastewater treatment process that provides a both acceptable effluent quality and organic removal efficiency at a comparatively very low costs. It is highly attractive due to simplicity of operation, low sludge production, small foot-print, low maintenance, and low operational cost. Complete nitrification/denitrification can be achieved by varying the disk submergence level and operating the process under both anaerobic/anoxic conditions in a single unit. In this review, pros and cons of RBC are discussed in detail along with the factors affecting its performances. Organic and hydraulic loading and hydraulic retention time are the main parameters followed by additional parameters such as rotational speed, media, disk submergence, dissolved oxygen level, influent and effluent characteristics, and step-feeding in affecting the performance of an RBC system. RBC has shown promising results for the removal of biodegradable matter, nitrogen and phosphorous removal. The approaches for hybridization of biological processes to improve their overall performance are also review. Such success story is assess so explore possibility of developing RBC based hybrid processes. Hybrid RBC can be form from in-combination with other processes for minimizing energy requirements and maximizing the efficiency of the system.

Study on Application of Membrane Technology in Treatment of Effluent from Dyeing Industries in Erode, TamilNadu

The textile dyeing industry is one of the hazardous polluting industries which uses water as the major source for their production and substantially the generation of wastewater leads to be a huge burden in treatment. The existing treatment methods adopted in most of the dyeing industries are said to be very old and its efficiency of removal is very less and at the same time it does not meet the standards for trade effluent discharge as prescribed by the regulatory boards. The study carried out on the application of Activated Carbon Filter (ACF) outlet in three stages of Reverse Osmosis results in reduction of 52% and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is reduced to 226 ppm under the operation time of 10 hours. Significance reduction in pH, BOD, COD, TSS and Sulphates. The results say that the new technology of applying Nano-filtration and ultra-filtration will increase the efficiency of treatment. The effluent characteristics with the help this technology satisfy the standards.

Anaerobic treatment of food waste in pilot scale

For this work, a pilot scale anaerobic digester was used to assess the treatability of food waste from a canteen. The digester was operated for 720 days, and its efficiency in removing organic matter and suspended solids as well as producing biogas were assessed. At the beginning of operation, the digester failed and alkalinity buffering was required until stabilization. A maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solids removal efficiency of 71% and 87% were, respectively, found for the organic loading rate of 0.59 kg COD m−3 d−1. The maximum gas production rate and specific gas production were 0.4 m3 m−3 d−1 and 0.76 m3 (kg TVS)−1, respectively, with a methane average of 60% in the biogas composition. Although achieving satisfactory levels of pollutant removal, the effluent characteristics particularly for COD and ammonia nitrogen indicated that recirculation is the best option to use effluent.