scholarly journals Discrete and coordinated encoding of punishment contingent on rewarded actions by prefrontal cortex and VTA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchol Park ◽  
Bita Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Spike Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Punishment Contingency ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Free Actions

AbstractActions motivated by a rewarding outcome are often associated with a risk of punishment. Little is known about the neural representation of punishment that is contingent on reward-guided behavior. We modeled this circumstance by using a task where actions were consistently rewarded but probabilistically punished. Spike activity and local field potentials were recorded during this task simultaneously from VTA and mPFC, two reciprocally connected regions implicated in both reward-seeking and aversive behavioral states. At the single unit level, we found that ensembles of VTA and mPFC neurons encode the contingency between action and punishment. At the network level, we found that coherent theta oscillations synchronize the VTA and mPFC in a bottom-up direction, effectively phase-modulating the neuronal spike activity in the two regions during punishment-free actions. This synchrony declined as a function of punishment contingency, suggesting that during reward-seeking actions, risk of punishment diminishes VTA-driven neural synchrony between the two regions.

scholarly journals Risk of punishment influences discrete and coordinated encoding of reward-guided actions by prefrontal cortex and VTA neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchol Park ◽  
Bita Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Free Actions

Actions motivated by rewards are often associated with risk of punishment. Little is known about the neural representation of punishment risk during reward-seeking behavior. We modeled this circumstance in rats by designing a task where actions were consistently rewarded but probabilistically punished. Spike activity and local field potentials were recorded during task performance simultaneously from VTA and mPFC, two reciprocally connected regions implicated in reward-seeking and aversive behaviors. At the single unit level, we found that ensembles of putative dopamine and non-dopamine VTA neurons and mPFC neurons encode the relationship between action and punishment. At the network level, we found that coherent theta oscillations synchronize VTA and mPFC in a bottom-up direction, effectively phase-modulating the neuronal spike activity in the two regions during punishment-free actions. This synchrony declined as a function of punishment probability, suggesting that during reward-seeking actions, risk of punishment diminishes VTA-driven neural synchrony between the two regions.

Effect of Eye Opening on Single-Unit Activity and Local Field Potentials in the Subthalamic Nucleus

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Chockalingam ◽  
Abigail Belasen ◽  
Nita Chen ◽  
Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora ◽  
Youngwon Youn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Eye Opening

scholarly journals INITIAL SURGICAL EXPERIENCE WITH A DENSE CORTICAL MICROARRAY IN EPILEPTIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING CRANIOTOMY FOR SUBDURAL ELECTRODE IMPLANTATION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Waziri ◽  
Catherine A. Schevon ◽  
Joshua Cappell ◽  
Ronald G. Emerson ◽  
Guy M. McKhann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Microelectrode Arrays ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Subdural Electrode

Abstract OBJECTIVE Detailed investigations of cortical physiology require the ability to record brain electrical activity at a submillimeter scale. Standard intracranial electrodes result in significant averaging of potentials generated by large numbers of neurons. In contrast, microelectrode arrays allow for recording of local field potentials and single-unit activity. We describe our initial surgical experience with the NeuroPort microelectrode array (Cyberkinetics Neurotechnology Systems, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) in a series of patients undergoing subdural electrode implantation for epilepsy monitoring. METHODS Seven patients were implanted with and underwent semichronic recording from the NeuroPort array during standard subdural electrode monitoring for epilepsy. The electrode was placed according to company specifications in putative noneloquent epileptogenic cortex. After the monitoring period, microelectrode arrays were removed during explantation of subdural electrodes and resection of epileptogenic tissue. RESULTS Successful implantation of the microelectrode array was achieved in all patients, with minor operative difficulties. Robust and durable local field potentials and single-unit recordings were obtained from all implanted individuals. Implantation times ranged from 3 to 28 days; histological analysis of implanted tissue demonstrated no significant tissue injury or inflammatory response. There were no neurological complications or infections associated with electrode implantation or prolonged monitoring. Two patients developed postresection issues with wound healing at the site of scalp egress, with 1 requiring operative wound revision. CONCLUSION Our experience demonstrates that semichronic microelectroencephalographic recording can be safely and effectively achieved using the NeuroPort microarray. Although significant tissue injury, infection, or cerebrospinal fluid leak was not encountered, the large profile of the connection pedestal resulted in suboptimal wound closure and healing in several patients. We predict that this problem will be easily addressed in second-generation devices.

scholarly journals Allopregnanolone mediates affective switching through modulation of oscillatory states in the basolateral amygdala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Antonoudiou ◽  
Phillip LW Colmers ◽  
Najah L Walton ◽  
Grant L Weiss ◽  
Anne C Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Allosteric Modulators ◽  
Post Partum Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Network States

AbstractBrexanolone (allopregnanolone), was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of post-partum depression, demonstrating long-lasting antidepressant effects. Despite our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurosteroids as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAa receptors, we still do not fully understand how allopregnanolone exerts these persistent antidepressant effects. Here, we demonstrate that allopregnanolone and similar synthetic neuroactive steroid analogs, SGE-516 (tool-compound) and zuranolone (SAGE-217, investigational-compound), are capable of modulating oscillatory states across species, which we propose may contribute to long-lasting changes in behavioral states. We identified a critical role for interneurons in generating oscillations in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and a role for delta-containing GABAaRs in mediating the ability of neurosteroids to modulate network and behavioral states. Actions of allopregnanolone in the BLA is sufficient to alter behavioral states and enhance BLA high-theta oscillations (6-12Hz) through delta-containing GABAa receptors, a mechanism distinct from other GABAa PAMs, such as benzodiazepines. Moreover, treatment with the allopregnanolone analog SGE-516 induces long-lasting protection from chronic stress-induced disruption of network states, which correlates with improved behavioral outcomes. Our findings demonstrate a novel molecular and cellular mechanism mediating the well-established anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of neuroactive steroids.

scholarly journals Dorsomedial prefrontal neural ensembles reflect changes in task utility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake S. Porter ◽  
Kristin L. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neural Ensembles ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Task Representations ◽  
Lifting Task

AbstractWhen performing a physically demanding behavior, sometimes the optimal choice is to quit the behavior rather than persist and waste time and energy. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), consisting of the anterior cingulate cortex and secondary motor area, likely contributes towards such utility assessments. Here, we examined how rodent dmPFC single unit and ensemble level activity corresponded to changes in motivation and quitting in an effortful weight lifting task. Rats carried out two task paradigms: one that became progressively more physically demanding over time and a second fixed effort version. Rats could quit the task at any time. Dorsomedial PFC neurons were highly responsive to each behavioral stage of the task, consisting of rope pulling, reward retrieval, and reward area leaving. Activity was highest early in sessions, commensurate with the highest relative task utility, then decreased until the point of quitting. Neural ensembles showed stable task representations across the entirety of sessions. However, these representations drifted and became more distinct over the course of the session. These results suggest that dmPFC neurons represent behavioral states that are dynamically modified as behaviors lose their utility, culminating in task quitting.

scholarly journals Hippocampal and neocortical oscillations are tuned to behavioral state in freely-behaving macaques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Talakoub ◽  
Patricia Sayegh ◽  
Thilo Womelsdorf ◽  
Wolf Zinke ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Behavioral States

AbstractWireless recordings in macaque neocortex and hippocampus showed stronger theta oscillations during early-stage sleep than during alert volitional movement including walking. In contrast, hippocampal beta and gamma oscillations were prominent during walking and other active behaviors. These relations between hippocampal rhythms and behavioral states in the primate differ markedly from those observed in rodents. Primate neocortex showed similar changes in spectral content across behavioral state as the hippocampus.

scholarly journals The tubular striatum and nucleus accumbens distinctly represent reward-taking and seeking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine N. Wright ◽  
Daniel W Wesson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Single Unit Activity ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Paradigm ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

The ventral striatum regulates motivated behaviors which are essential for survival. The ventral striatum contains both the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is well established to contribute to motivated behavior, and the adjacent tubular striatum (TuS), which is poorly understood in this context. We reasoned that these ventral striatal subregions may be uniquely specialized in their neural representation of goal-directed behavior. To test this, we simultaneously examined TuS and NAc single-unit activity as male mice engaged in a sucrose self-administration task, which included extinction and cue-induced reinstatement sessions. While background levels of activity were comparable between regions, more TuS neurons were recruited upon reward-taking, and among recruited neurons, TuS neurons displayed greater changes in their firing during reward-taking and extinction than those in the NAc. Conversely, NAc neurons displayed greater changes in their firing during cue-reinstated reward-seeking. Interestingly, at least in the context of this behavioral paradigm, TuS neural activity predicted reward-seeking whereas NAc activity did not. Together, by directly comparing their dynamics in several behavioral contexts, this work reveals that the NAc and TuS ventral striatum subregions distinctly represent reward-taking and seeking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document