scholarly journals Hippocampal and neocortical oscillations are tuned to behavioral state in freely-behaving macaques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Talakoub ◽  
Patricia Sayegh ◽  
Thilo Womelsdorf ◽  
Wolf Zinke ◽  
Pascal Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Spectral Content ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Behavioral States

AbstractWireless recordings in macaque neocortex and hippocampus showed stronger theta oscillations during early-stage sleep than during alert volitional movement including walking. In contrast, hippocampal beta and gamma oscillations were prominent during walking and other active behaviors. These relations between hippocampal rhythms and behavioral states in the primate differ markedly from those observed in rodents. Primate neocortex showed similar changes in spectral content across behavioral state as the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Allopregnanolone mediates affective switching through modulation of oscillatory states in the basolateral amygdala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Antonoudiou ◽  
Phillip LW Colmers ◽  
Najah L Walton ◽  
Grant L Weiss ◽  
Anne C Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Allosteric Modulators ◽  
Post Partum Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Network States

AbstractBrexanolone (allopregnanolone), was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of post-partum depression, demonstrating long-lasting antidepressant effects. Despite our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurosteroids as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAa receptors, we still do not fully understand how allopregnanolone exerts these persistent antidepressant effects. Here, we demonstrate that allopregnanolone and similar synthetic neuroactive steroid analogs, SGE-516 (tool-compound) and zuranolone (SAGE-217, investigational-compound), are capable of modulating oscillatory states across species, which we propose may contribute to long-lasting changes in behavioral states. We identified a critical role for interneurons in generating oscillations in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and a role for delta-containing GABAaRs in mediating the ability of neurosteroids to modulate network and behavioral states. Actions of allopregnanolone in the BLA is sufficient to alter behavioral states and enhance BLA high-theta oscillations (6-12Hz) through delta-containing GABAa receptors, a mechanism distinct from other GABAa PAMs, such as benzodiazepines. Moreover, treatment with the allopregnanolone analog SGE-516 induces long-lasting protection from chronic stress-induced disruption of network states, which correlates with improved behavioral outcomes. Our findings demonstrate a novel molecular and cellular mechanism mediating the well-established anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of neuroactive steroids.

scholarly journals Altered GABAA,slow Inhibition and Network Oscillations in Mice Lacking the GABAA Receptor β3 Subunit

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 3643-3655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hentschke ◽  
Claudia Benkwitz ◽  
Matthew I. Banks ◽  
Mark G. Perkins ◽  
Gregg E. Homanics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Gabaergic Inhibition ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hippocampal Network

Phasic GABAergic inhibition in hippocampus and neocortex falls into two kinetically distinct categories, GABAA,fast and GABAA,slow. In hippocampal area CA1, GABAA,fast is generally believed to underlie gamma oscillations, whereas the contribution of GABAA,slow to hippocampal rhythms has been speculative. Hypothesizing that GABAA receptors containing the β3 subunit contribute to GABAA,slow inhibition and that slow inhibitory synapses control excitability as well as contribute to network rhythms, we investigated the consequences of this subunit's absence on synaptic inhibition and network function. In pyramidal neurons of GABAA receptor β3 subunit-deficient (β3−/−) mice, spontaneous GABAA,slow inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were much less frequent, and evoked GABAA,slow currents were much smaller than in wild-type mice. Fittingly, long-lasting recurrent inhibition of population spikes was less powerful in the mutant, indicating that receptors containing β3 subunits contribute substantially to GABAA,slow currents in pyramidal neurons. By contrast, slow inhibitory control of GABAA,fast-producing interneurons was unaffected in β3−/− mice. In vivo hippocampal network activity was markedly different in the two genotypes. In β3−/− mice, epileptiform activity was observed, and theta oscillations were weaker, slower, less regular and less well coordinated across laminae compared with wild-type mice, whereas gamma oscillations were weaker and faster. The amplitude modulation of gamma oscillations at theta frequency (“nesting”) was preserved but was less well coordinated with theta oscillations. With the caveat that seizure-induced changes in inhibitory circuits might have contributed to the changes observed in the mutant animals, our results point to a strong contribution of β3 subunits to slow GABAergic inhibition onto pyramidal neurons but not onto GABAA,fast -producing interneurons and support different roles for these slow inhibitory synapses in the generation and coordination of hippocampal network rhythms.

scholarly journals Movement signaling in ventral pallidum and dopaminergic midbrain is gated by behavioral state in singing birds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruidong Chen ◽  
Vikram Gadagkar ◽  
Andrea C. Roeser ◽  
Pavel A. Puzerey ◽  
Jesse H. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Ventral Pallidum ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Ventral Tegmental ◽  
Behavioral Conditions

AbstractMovement-related neuronal discharge in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and ventral pallidum (VP) is inconsistently observed across studies. One possibility is that some neurons are movement-related and others are not. Another possibility is that the precise behavioral conditions matter - that a single neuron can be movement related under certain behavioral states but not others. We recorded single VTA and VP neurons in birds transitioning between singing and non-singing states, while monitoring body movement with microdrive-mounted accelerometers. Many VP and VTA neurons exhibited body movement-locked activity exclusively when the bird was not singing. During singing, VP and VTA neurons could switch off their tuning to body movement and become instead precisely time-locked to specific song syllables. These changes in neuronal tuning occurred rapidly at state boundaries. Our findings show that movement-related activity in limbic circuits can be gated by behavioral context.

scholarly journals Behavioral state tunes mouse vision to ethological features through pupil dilation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Franke ◽  
Konstantin F. Willeke ◽  
Kayla Ponder ◽  
Mario Galdamez ◽  
Taliah Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Neural Network Modeling ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Upper Visual Field ◽  
Behavioral States

Across animal species, sensory processing dynamically adapts to behavioral context. In the mammalian visual system, sensory neural responses and behavioral performance increase during an active behavioral state characterized by locomotion activity and pupil dilation, whereas preferred stimuli of individual neurons typically remain unchanged. Here, we address how behavioral states modulate stimulus selectivity in the context of colored natural scenes using a combination of large-scale population imaging, behavior, pharmacology, and deep neural network modeling. In visual cortex of awake mice, we identified a consistent shift of individual neuron color preferences towards ultraviolet stimuli during active behavioral periods that was particularly pronounced in the upper visual field. We found that the spectral shift in neural tuning is mediated by pupil dilation, resulting in a dynamic switch from rod- to cone-driven visual responses for constant ambient light levels. We further showed that this shift selectively enhances the discriminability of ultraviolet objects and facilitates the detection of ethological stimuli, such as aerial predators against the ultraviolet background of the twilight sky. Our results suggest a novel functional role for pupil dilation during active behavioral states as a bottom-up mechanism that, together with top-down neuromodulatory mechanisms, dynamically tunes visual representations to different behavioral demands.

scholarly journals Shared rhythmic subcortical GABAergic input to the entorhinal cortex and presubiculum

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim James Viney ◽  
Minas Salib ◽  
Abhilasha Joshi ◽  
Gunes Unal ◽  
Naomi Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Medial Septum ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Synchrony ◽  
Theta Frequency ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Gabaergic Modulation

Rhythmic theta frequency (~5–12 Hz) oscillations coordinate neuronal synchrony and higher frequency oscillations across the cortex. Spatial navigation and context-dependent episodic memories are represented in several interconnected regions including the hippocampal and entorhinal cortices, but the cellular mechanisms for their dynamic coupling remain to be defined. Using monosynaptically-restricted retrograde viral tracing in mice, we identified a subcortical GABAergic input from the medial septum that terminated in the entorhinal cortex, with collaterals innervating the dorsal presubiculum. Extracellularly recording and labeling GABAergic entorhinal-projecting neurons in awake behaving mice show that these subcortical neurons, named orchid cells, fire in long rhythmic bursts during immobility and locomotion. Orchid cells discharge near the peak of hippocampal and entorhinal theta oscillations, couple to entorhinal gamma oscillations, and target subpopulations of extra-hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. Thus, orchid cells are a specialized source of rhythmic subcortical GABAergic modulation of ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ cortico-cortical circuits involved in mnemonic functions.

scholarly journals Altered temporal correlations in parietal alpha and prefrontal theta oscillations in early-stage Alzheimer disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1614-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Montez ◽  
S.-S. Poil ◽  
B. F. Jones ◽  
I. Manshanden ◽  
J. P. A. Verbunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Temporal Correlations

scholarly journals Defining and distinguishing infant behavioral states using acoustic cry analysis: is colic painful?

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna J. Parga ◽  
Sharon Lewin ◽  
Juanita Lewis ◽  
Diana Montoya-Williams ◽  
Abeer Alwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile App ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Acoustic Intensity ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Infant Cry ◽  
Pain Ratings ◽  
Average Pain ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Abstract Background To characterize acoustic features of an infant’s cry and use machine learning to provide an objective measurement of behavioral state in a cry-translator. To apply the cry-translation algorithm to colic hypothesizing that these cries sound painful. Methods Assessment of 1000 cries in a mobile app (ChatterBabyTM). Training a cry-translation algorithm by evaluating >6000 acoustic features to predict whether infant cry was due to a pain (vaccinations, ear-piercings), fussy, or hunger states. Using the algorithm to predict the behavioral state of infants with reported colic. Results The cry-translation algorithm was 90.7% accurate for identifying pain cries, and achieved 71.5% accuracy in discriminating cries from fussiness, hunger, or pain. The ChatterBaby cry-translation algorithm overwhelmingly predicted that colic cries were most likely from pain, compared to fussy and hungry states. Colic cries had average pain ratings of 73%, significantly greater than the pain measurements found in fussiness and hunger (p < 0.001, 2-sample t test). Colic cries outranked pain cries by measures of acoustic intensity, including energy, length of voiced periods, and fundamental frequency/pitch, while fussy and hungry cries showed reduced intensity measures compared to pain and colic. Conclusions Acoustic features of cries are consistent across a diverse infant population and can be utilized as objective markers of pain, hunger, and fussiness. The ChatterBaby algorithm detected significant acoustic similarities between colic and painful cries, suggesting that they may share a neuronal pathway.

scholarly journals Connecting the Dots: Behavioral State Resource Selection in Wild Pigs in the Southeast United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Clontz ◽  
Kim M. Pepin ◽  
Kurt C. VerCauteren ◽  
James C. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Bottomland Hardwoods ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Background Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are behavioral generalists that have the potential to alter ecosystems across broad spatial scales. Elucidating the correlation between wild pig behavior and landscape attributes can aid in the advancement of management strategies for controlling populations. Methods Using GPS data from 49 wild pigs in the southeastern U.S., we used movement characteristics to distinguish and define behaviors and explore the connection between these behaviors and resource selection for both females and males between two distinct seasons based on forage availability. We extracted three biologically relevant behaviors of wild pigs from our movement data using hidden Markov models, which we inferred to represent resting, foraging, and traveling behavioral states. We then used multi-scale resource selection functions to quantify resource selection at the population and home-range scales for each behavioral state. Results Females demonstrated a crepuscular movement pattern in the high-forage season and a variable pattern in the low-forage season, with increased traveling and foraging activity during the daytime and evening hours, while males consistently demonstrated a nocturnal pattern across both seasons. At the population scale, wild pigs selected for forest vegetation types (i.e., upland pines, upland hardwoods, bottomland hardwoods) in both the low- and high-forage seasons, likely reflecting their ubiquitous establishment throughout the landscape. At the home-range scale, wild pigs selected for bottomland hardwoods and dense canopy cover in all behavioral states. In addition, males demonstrated selection for a variety of vegetation types while foraging in the low-forage season compared to the high-forage season and demonstrated an increased use of linear anthropogenic features (e.g., roads) across seasons while traveling. Conclusions Our results demonstrate male and female pigs exhibit clear differences in movement behavior. Further, although wild pigs can establish populations and home ranges in an array of landscapes and habitat types, there are key resources associated with common behaviors they select consistently at a fine scale that can be targeted in conservation and management programs across their invasive range.

scholarly journals Optogenetic dissection of descending behavioral control inDrosophila

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cande ◽  
Gordon J. Berman ◽  
Shigehiro Namiki ◽  
Jirui Qiu ◽  
Wyatt Korff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Descending Neurons ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviors ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn most animals, the brain makes behavioral decisions that are transmitted by descending neurons to the nerve cord circuitry that produces behaviors. In insects, only a few descending neurons have been associated with specific behaviors. To explore how these neurons control an insect’s movements, we developed a novel method to systematically assay the behavioral effects of activating individual neurons on freely behaving terrestrialD. melanogaster. We calculated a two-dimensional representation of the entire behavior space explored by these flies and associated descending neurons with specific behaviors by identifying regions of this space that were visited with increased frequency during optogenetic activation. Applying this approach across a population of descending neurons, we found, that (1) activation of most of the descending neurons drove stereotyped behaviors, (2) in many cases multiple descending neurons activated similar behaviors, and (3) optogenetically-activated behaviors were often dependent on the behavioral state prior to activation.

scholarly journals Different theta frameworks coexist in the hippocampus and are coordinated during memory-guided exploration and novelty detection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor J. Lopez-Madrona ◽  
Elena Pérez-Montoyo ◽  
Efrén Álvarez-Salvado ◽  
David Moratal ◽  
Oscar Herreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Molecular Layer ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Lower Phase ◽  
Guided Exploration ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Freely Behaving

SummaryHippocampal firing is organized in theta sequences controlled by internal memory-related processing and by external sensory cues. How these computations are segregated or integrated, depending on the cognitive needs, is not fully understood. Although theta activity in the hippocampus is most commonly studied as a unique coherent oscillation, it is the result of a complex interaction between different rhythm generators. Here we investigated the coordination between theta generators as a possible mechanism to couple or decouple internally and externally driven computations. We separated and quantified three different theta current generators from the hippocampus of freely behaving rats, one originating in CA3 with current sinks in CA1 str. radiatum and two with current sinks in CA1 str. lacunosum-moleculare and dentate molecular layer, mainly driven by entorhinal cortex (EC) layers 3 and 2, respectively. These theta generators followed non fully coherent dynamics and presented epochs of higher and lower phase coupling, suggesting a flexible interaction between them. Selective optogenetic inhibition in CA3 depressed the str. radiatum generator without affecting the EC-driven theta oscillations, indicating that theta rhythm generators can be modulated independently. In addition, band-specific gamma interactions with theta oscillations selectively occurred with the corresponding pathway-specific theta current generator, supporting the existence of different theta-gamma coding frameworks to organize neuronal firing in the hippocampus. Importantly, we found that epochs of highly synchronized theta rhythmicity across generators preferentially occurred during memory-guided exploration and mismatch novelty detection in familiar environments, two conditions in which internally generated memory representations need to be coordinated with the incoming sensory information about external cues. We propose a mechanism for segregating and integrating hippocampal computations based on the coexistence of different theta-gamma frameworks that flexibly couple or decouple accommodating the cognitive needs.

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