scholarly journals Ethylene Inhibitors Enhance Shoot Organogenesis of Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Cheon Chae ◽  
Haeng Hoon Kim ◽  
Sang Un Park
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Silver Thiosulphate ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Transformation Protocol ◽  
Shoot Number

Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration inSinningia speciosawere improved using ethylene inhibitors. The leaf explants were cultured on initial shoot regeneration media (MS media with BAP at 2 mg/L + NAA at 0.1 mg/L) supplemented with different concentrations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), and silver thiosulphate (STS). The addition of AVG, CoCl2, and STS significantly improved the regeneration frequency giving higher shoots per explant and longer shoot length. The highest shoot growth was found when STS at 5 mg/L was incorporated with generation medium, performing highest regeneration frequency with highest number of shoots. This treatment (STS at 5 mg/L) produced 40% more shoots per explant compared to control followed by STS at 10 mg/L with increasing 37% more shoots compared to control. In the cases of AVG and CoCl2the highest shoot number per explant was found at 1 mg/L. Treated with AVG and CoCl2at 1 mg/L increased shoot number by 16 and 12%, respectively, compared to control. Ethylene inhibitors could be used as a possible micropropagation and plant transformation protocol inS. speciosafor plant regenerations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Adventitious Shoot Regeneration through Direct and Indirect Organogenesis from Seedling-derived Hypocotyl Segments of Ficus religiosa L.: An Important Medicinal Plant

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Daneshvar
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Frequency ◽  
Indirect Organogenesis ◽  
Ficus Religiosa ◽  
Shoot Number

Ficus religiosa is an important industrial, medicinal, and ornamental plant, so in vitro regeneration is of high paramount in this valuable germplasm. Two efficient protocols were developed for indirect and direct shoot organogenesis through hypocotyl explants. In the first experiment, different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·L−1) in combination with 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (ratio 10:1, respectively) were used for callus formation. Two types of callus were obtained from different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Also, 2,4-D produced yellow-brownish and friable callus (Type I), whereas the green and compact callus (Type II) was achieved in IBA. The highest callus fresh weight (2.43 g) was observed in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.5 mg·L−1 2,4-D plus 0.05 mg·L−1 BAP. In the later experiments, various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), 6-furfuryl amino purine (KN), and BAP (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg·L−1) in combination with IBA (ratio 10:1, respectively) were applied for shoot regeneration (direct and indirect organogenesis). In shoot regeneration from callus, the highest regeneration frequency (86.66%) and shoot number per callus (4.13) were achieved in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L−1 BAP plus 0.15 mg·L−1 IBA from type I calli. However, no regeneration was observed in type II calli. In direct shoot regeneration, the highest regeneration frequency (96.66%) and shoot number (6.26) were obtained in the medium mentioned previously. In root induction experiment, different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and IBA alone or in combination were applied, and MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L−1 IBA along with 0.1 mg·L−1 NAA was the best hormonal balance for root induction. The rooted plantlets’ survival rate was more than 95% in the acclimatization stage. These results demonstrated that the direct regeneration method provides more shoot regeneration frequency and take a less time for shoot organogenesis than the indirect regeneration method. Based on our knowledge, this study is the first report of direct and indirect shoot organogenesis of F. religiosa via hypocotyl from in vitro–grown seedling.

scholarly journals The ameliorative effects of 24-epibrassinolide on shoot organogenesis inhibition occurring under NaCl-stressed conditions in cultures of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Yılmaz-Gokdogan ◽  
Betul Burun
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

AbstractIn this study, possible effects of 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) pretreatment against NaCl stress were investigated usingin vitroshoot organogenesis from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants in M-28 tomato hybrid cultivar. The cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of 10-day sterile seedlings were treated with 1 μM and 2 μM 24-epiBL solutions (prepared with 70% acetone) for 30 seconds and applied explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + NaCl (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mM). It was determined that the regeneration percentage as well as the shoot number/explant, the shoot length and the leaf number/shoot derived from both explants suffered NaCl stress after 30 days. 24-epiBL pretreatment against NaCl stress showed ameliorative effects and hypocotyl explants gave better results than cotyledon explants for these growth parameters. Different stages of shoot organogenesis from hypocotyl explants applied with 24-epiBL under salt stress were observed with scanning electron microscopy. As a result, it was shown that 24-epiBL treatment against NaCl stress may play an effective role in salt tolerance in M-28 tomato hybrid cultivar.

Shoot growth from the bud bank in black oak

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayton F. Wilson ◽  
Matthew J. Kelty
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Stem Segments

The bud bank in black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) trees is composed of four bud types, with the first three occurring on current shoots: (i) large buds in terminal clusters; (ii) large intercluster buds; (iii) small leafless buds; and (iv) preventitious buds on older shoots. Leafless buds may grow and preventitious buds may form epicormic shoots after injuries to large buds. We applied clipping treatments to small trees growing in either shade or light to test for crown recovery of leaf number, leaf area, leaf weight, shoot number, and total shoot length. Removing the terminal bud cluster almost doubled the proportion of intercluster buds that produced shoots and did not affect crown parameters, compared with control trees. Removing all large buds increased epicormic shoot production, but did not affect crown parameters. Removing current shoots reduced only leaf area and leaf number in the shade. The more extreme clipping treatments released primarily 2-year-old preventitious buds, but only a few older buds. Buds of all ages could be forced on isolated stem segments. Mortality of buds from the 1st to 2nd year was more than 90% for buds with leaves and about 50% for leafless buds.

scholarly journals Effects of different cytokinins on the shoot regeneration from apple leaves of 'Royal Gala' and 'M.26'

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dobránszky ◽  
I. Hudák ◽  
K. Magyar-Tábori ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
Zs. Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Different Types

The effects of different types of cytokinins on the shoot regeneration from leaf explants of apple scion 'Royal Gala' and apple rootstock 'M.26' were evaluated. Regeneration media contained either thidiazuron, or 6-benzylaminopurine, or meta-topolin, or zeatin, or kinetin, or their N9-ribosides, respectively, in the concentration range 0.5 to 8.0 mg 1-1. Effects of 'these cytokinins were evaluated on the percentage of regeneration (R%) and that of vitrification (V%) and on the number of regenerated shoots per explant (SN). Organogenetic index (0I) calculated from these data was used for the evaluation of efficacy of cytokinins. The course of shoot organogenesis also was followed using stereomicroscope. Types and concentrations of cytokinins applied in the regeneration media influenced each parameter significantly and the regeneration answer was strongly genotype-dependent. The best regeneration (SN: 11.08, 01: 7.5) was achieved in `Royal Gala' by using TDZ in concentration of 0.5 mg 1-1 (2.271,1M). There was a clear relationship between the effect on the regeneration efficacy and the chemical structure of cytokinins considering classical cytokinins, namely N9-ribosides applied in less concentration than non­ribosides have the same or best regeneration effects except for 6-benzylaminopurine riboside. However, similar relationship could not be detected in the case of 'M.26'. SN was the highest (3.22) using 6.5 mg 1-1 (18.2011M) 6-benzylaminopurine riboside or 8.0 mg 1-1 (21.44 µM) meta-topolin riboside (3.18). SN was not significantly lower (3.12) by using 2.0 mg 1-1 (9.08 1M) TDZ, however, OI was about half as big (0.63 compared to 1.29 or 1.74 with 6-benzylaminopurine riboside or meta-topolin riboside, respectively). 'Royal Gala' had higher organogenetic ability, than `M.26': 3.5-fold higher shoot number per explant and more than 4-fold higher organogenetic index was reached with this cultivar than with 'M.26'. Moreover, the similar developmental stage of shoots could be observed 3-5 days earlier than in 'M.26' and if explants of 'Royal Gala' were further cultured with 3 weeks, SN increased from 11.08 to 24.42 on TDZ-containing regeneration medium, which might suggest higher organogenetic ability, too.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Tunas Beberapa Klon Jati Terseleksi setelah Pemangkasan di Persemaian

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ◽  
Tri Maria Hasnah ◽  
Waris
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Test Trial ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Clonal Test

Kebun pangkas jati dibangun dalam rangka memperbanyak klon-klon terseleksi di plot uji klon jati. Biasanya, kebun pangkas dibangun pada lahan dengan luasan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pertunasan beberapa klon jati pada kebun pangkas jati di tingkat persemaian. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan 10 klon jati yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali dengan 10 tanaman pangkasan dalam setiap ulangan. Klon yang digunakan adalah hasil seleksi uji klon jati di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta.Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perlakuan klon berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter jumlah tunas, panjang tunas, diameter tunas, jumlah ruas dan jumlah daun. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan untuk pertumbuhan tunas pada umur 6 minggu diperoleh rerata jumlah tunas 4,33; panjang tunas 9,09 cm; diameter tunas 5,91 mm; jumlah ruas tunas 2,38, dan jumlah daun 5,09 helai. Persentase hidup tanaman setelah pemangkasan bervariasi antar klon antara 86,67-96,67%. Hasil penaksiran nilai heritabilitas untuk pertumbuhan tunas termasuk kategori sedang sampai tinggi yaitu sebesar 0,41-0,73.The Shoot Growth of Several Selected Clones of Teak after Coppicing in the NurseryAbstractTeak hedge garden was established to multiply several selected clones of teak from clonal test trial. It was usually established on a certain arable land. This study was conducted to determine the ability of various teak clones in the sprouting hedge garden which was established in the nursery. The study was arranged in randomized complete block design with 10 clones, 3 replications, and 10 individual ramet per replication. The tested clones were selected from a teak clonal test in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The results showed that clones significantly affected the shoot growth: number, length, diameter, number of internode and number of leaf. At 6 weeks after hedging, the average of shoot number was 4.3, shoot length of 9.1 cm, shoot diameter of 5.9 mm, the number of internode of 2.4, and the average number of leaves was 5.1. The survival rate of plants after hedging treatment was varied from 86.7 to 96.7 %. Estimated heritability for shoot growth was categorized as moderate to high, varying from 0.41 to 0.73.

scholarly journals Increasing In Vitro Shoot Elongation and Proliferation of ‘G.30’ and ‘G.41’ Apple by Chilling Explants and Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Geng ◽  
Renae Moran ◽  
Michael Day ◽  
William Halteman ◽  
Donglin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Collection Date

These studies were conducted to determine the most effective methods for increasing shoot elongation during the initial proliferation stage of micropropagation in two dwarfing apple, Malus ×domestica (Borkh.), rootstock cultivars. Several experiments were conducted to compare explant collection date, exposure to chilling (5 ± 1 °C) temperatures, and varying concentrations of plant growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Microshoot growth of ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) was very low and unaffected by chilling duration from 0 to 8 weeks or by gibberellic acid (GA3) concentration from 0 to 1.0 mg·L−1, but was improved by an additional subculture which increased shoot length from 1 to 15 mm. In ‘Geneva 30’ (‘G.30’), shoot elongation was most affected by date, chilling explants, and by optimizing cytokinin concentration and type. Explant collection date in April increased shoot growth compared with August or November. Microshoot growth of ‘G.30’ was increased by chilling nodal explants for 4 and 6 weeks when explants were collected in August and November, but not in April. Eight weeks chilling was detrimental for explants collected in April, and generally had little or no effect with August and November. The cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) increased shoot number to a greater extent than thidiazuron (TDZ) or zeatin (ZT), and was also more effective for increasing shoot elongation with concentrations of 0 to 2.0 mg·L−1. In ‘G.30’, GA3 increased shoot growth at the optimum concentration of BA, but not with lower concentrations. ‘G.30’ microshoots were fewer and shorter with 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) at concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mg·L−1. Chemical names: N-phenyl-N’-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)urea (TDZ), 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino)purine (ZT).

scholarly journals Planting Angle and Meristem Management Influence Sweet Cherry Canopy Development in the “Upright Fruiting Offshoots” Training System

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Law ◽  
Gregory A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Training System ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO) is a novel high-density training system for sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) that produces fruit on multiple vertical leaders (“offshoots”) arising from a cordon-like trunk. The promotion of sufficient upright shoot number and uniform shoot distribution during establishment are key to development of this training system. Trunk angle, meristem management (selective bud retention and removal), and cordon height at establishment were evaluated for influence on shoot number, shoot distribution, total shoot length, and early fruiting potential. At planting, trunk angles of 45° or 60° from the horizontal resulted in increased shoot growth compared with 30°, and also increased shoot distribution when bud selection was not imposed. A cordon height of 45 cm increased total shoot length by 20% compared with a 60-cm cordon height. Bud selection (retaining buds for optimal upright shoot distribution and removing all others) improved canopy development by reducing the number of shoots in the terminal third of the cordon and increasing the number of shoots in the basal and middle thirds compared with no bud selection. Bud selection reduced fruiting potential in the 2nd and 3rd years compared with unmanaged treatments, but subsequently surpassed those treatments in projected annual yield in Year 4 and cumulative yield in Year 5. Bud selection increased total and average shoot length, and improved distribution while moderating early crop load potential. Planting angle, cordon height, and bud selection significantly impact canopy establishment of UFO trees by affecting shoot number, length, and distribution.

scholarly journals Can Ethylene Inhibitors Enhance the Success of Olive Somatic Embryogenesis?

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajmal Bashir ◽  
Cristian Silvestri ◽  
Amelia Salimonti ◽  
Eddo Rugini ◽  
Valerio Cristofori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Zygotic Embryos ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitors ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Stimulatory Action

An efficient in vitro morphogenesis, specifically through somatic embryogenesis, is considered to be a crucial step for the application of modern biotechnological tools for genetic improvement in olive (Olea europaea L.). The effects of different ethylene inhibitors, i.e., cobalt chloride (CoCl2), salicylic acid (SA), and silver nitrate (AgNO3), were reported in the cyclic somatic embryogenesis of olive. Embryogenic callus derived from the olive immature zygotic embryos of the cultivar Leccino, was transferred to the expression ECO medium, supplemented with the ethylene inhibitors at 20 and 40 µM concentrations. Among these, the maximum number of somatic embryos (18.6) was obtained in media containing silver nitrate (40 µM), followed by cobalt chloride (12.2 somatic embryos @ 40 µM) and salicylic acid (40 µM), which produced 8.5 somatic embryos. These compounds interfered on callus traits: white friable embryogenic calli were formed in a medium supplemented with 40 µM cobalt chloride and salicylic acid; in addition, a yellow-compact embryogenic callus appeared at 20 µM of all the tested ethylene inhibitors. The resulting stimulatory action of silver nitrate among all the tested ethylene inhibitors on somatic embryogenesis, clearly demonstrates that our approach can efficiently contribute to the improvement of the current SE protocols for olive.

Growth and Development of Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvenseL.)

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Shoot Growth Rate ◽  
Rhizome System

The growth and development of field horsetail (Equisetum arvenseL. # EQUAR) was measured outdoors using potted plants grown from one-node rhizome fragments. Shoot growth rate increased slowly after planting in March, accelerating to a maximum during July with maximas for shoot height during August and shoot number in September. Rhizome system growth rates initially followed a similar pattern to that of the shoots achieving a maximum during July. Dry matter accumulated in the rhizomes until October and declined thereafter throughout the winter. Tubers initiated during August grew in size and number until November, well beyond the period of active shoot growth and onset of senescence. The characteristics of the growth and development of field horsetail are discussed in relation to achieving weed control via cultural and herbicide treatments.

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