scholarly journals Feeding and thermal conditioning enhance coral temperature tolerance in juvenile Pocillopora acuta

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 210644
Author(s):  
Ariana S. Huffmyer ◽  
Colton J. Johnson ◽  
Ashleigh M. Epps ◽  
Judith D. Lemus ◽  
Ruth D. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Energetic Reserves

Scleractinian corals form the foundation of coral reefs by acquiring autotrophic nutrition from photosynthetic endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) and use feeding to obtain additional nutrition, especially when the symbiosis is compromised (i.e. bleaching). Juvenile corals are vulnerable to stress due to low energetic reserves and high demand for growth, which is compounded when additional stressors occur. Therefore, conditions that favour energy acquisition and storage may enhance survival under stressful conditions. To investigate the influence of feeding on thermal tolerance, we exposed Pocillopora acuta juveniles to temperature (ambient, 27.4°C versus cool, 25.9°C) and feeding treatments (fed versus unfed) for 30 days post-settlement and monitored growth and physiology, followed by tracking survival under thermal stress. Feeding increased growth and resulted in thicker tissues and elevated symbiont fluorescence. Under high-temperature stress (31–60 days post-settlement; ca 30.1°C), corals that were fed and previously exposed to cool temperature had 33% higher survival than other treatment groups. These corals demonstrated reduced symbiont fluorescence, which may have provided protective effects under thermal stress. These results highlight that the impacts of feeding on coral physiology and stress tolerance are dependent on temperature and as oceans continue to warm, early life stages may experience shifts in feeding strategies to survive.

Effects of probiotics-encapsulated live feed on growth and survival of juvenile Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) after differential exposure to pathogenic bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dey ◽  
K Ghosh ◽  
N Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Differential Exposure

Growth and survival of Clarias batrachus juveniles (10-day old) fed probiotic Bacillus cereus (KR809412) encapsulated live feed (chironomid larvae) have been evaluated after differential exposure to the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 1739). Catfish juveniles were stocked at a density of 30 fish per tank in five experimental groups (T1-T5) along with a control group in triplicate and fed twice @ 5% of body weight day-1 for four weeks. Groups T1 and T2 were fed probiotic-encapsulated (PR) or pathogen-inoculated (PGN) live feed respectively, for initial three weeks. During this period groups T3 (PGN-PR-PR), T4 (PR-PGN-PR), and T5 (PR-PR-PGN) were differentially exposed to the pathogen. Live feed without probiotic and pathogen was offered to the control group throughout the experimental period and all other treatment groups (T1-T5) during the 4th week. Continuous exposure to probiotics in group T1 resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) specific growth rate (SGR, % d-1) and survivability than other groups, whereas, pathogen exposed and probiotic deprived group (T2) noticed with the lowest SGR and the highest mortality. Among other treatment groups (T3, T4 and T5), group T4 resulted in improved SGR and survivability. The coefficient (r value) of 0.867 along with regression slope suggested a positive correlation (0.01 levels) between RNA: DNA and SGR. The study might suggest protective effects of probiotic B. cereus in pathogen exposed C. batrachus juveniles.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 105-113 (2018)

Effect of 60Co γ-Irradiation on Physicochemical Properties of Adlay During Storage Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guolin Li ◽  
Xiuyan Zheng ◽  
Daomei Huang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Fanbo Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstractγ-Irradiation is applied to many agricultural products as a method for quality control. This study investigated the influence of γ-irradiation on physicochemical properties of adlay. Adlay samples were treated with 0 to 4.0 kGy 60Co γ-irradiation and subsequently stored at cool temperature (8 to 10 °C). Hardness of all treatment groups showed no marked changes at 0 kGy but exhibited variations at 2.0 and 4.0 kGy. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was the most sensitive to irradiation among 11 fatty-acid compositions. Saturated fatty-acid (SFA) content was increased, whereas unsaturated fatty acid was reduced by dose augmentation. Types of volatile compound increased from 15 to 21, and the major compound n-hexanol was increased by 80.41 % after 4-kGy irradiation. Odor changes caused by doses of irradiation were more remarkable than those caused by 12 months of storage. Hence, we conclude that 1.0 kGy irradiation barely affects physicochemical properties during storage; it could be an alternative way to control quality of adlay during storage.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Tropical Fruit Processing Coproducts on Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains during Freeze-Drying and Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroliny Mesquita Araújo ◽  
Karoliny Brito Sampaio ◽  
Francisca Nayara Dantas Duarte Menezes ◽  
Erika Tayse da Cruz Almeida ◽  
Marcos dos Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
And Storage

This study evaluated the protective effects of coproducts from agroindustrial processing of the tropical fruits acerola (Malpighia glabra L., ACE), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L., CAS), and guava (Psidium guayaba L., GUA) on the probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei L-10, Lactobacillus casei L-26, and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-05 during freeze-drying and storage. The occurrence of damage to membrane integrity, membrane potential, and efflux activity of Lactobacillus cells after freeze-drying was evaluated by flow cytometry, and viable counts were measured immediately after freeze-drying and during 90 days of storage under refrigerated or room temperature conditions. Probiotic strains freeze-dried without substrate had the overall highest count reductions (0.5 ± 0.1 to 2.9 ± 0.3 log cycles) after freeze-drying. Probiotics freeze-dried with fruit processing coproducts had small cell subpopulations with damaged efflux activity and membrane potential. Average counts of probiotics freeze-dried with ACE, CAS, or GUA after 90 days of storage under refrigerated or room temperature were in the range of 4.2 ± 0.1 to 5.3 ± 0.2 and 2.6 ± 0.3 to 4.9 ± 0.2 log CFU/g, respectively, which were higher than those observed for strains freeze-dried without substrate. The greatest protective effects on freeze-dried probiotics were overall presented by ACE. These results revealed that ACE, CAS, and GUA can exert protective effects and increase the stability of probiotic lactobacilli during freeze-drying and storage, in addition to supporting a possible added-value destination for these agroindustrial coproducts as vehicles for probiotics and for the development of novel functional foods.

scholarly journals Natural variations of SLG1 confer high-temperature tolerance in indica rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Shujun Ou ◽  
Ruci Wang ◽  
Yueming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract With global warming and climate change, breeding crop plants tolerant to high-temperature stress is of immense significance. tRNA 2-thiolation is a highly conserved form of tRNA modification among living organisms. Here, we report the identification of SLG1 (Slender Guy 1), which encodes the cytosolic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2 (RCTU2) in rice. SLG1 plays a key role in the response of rice plants to high-temperature stress at both seedling and reproductive stages. Dysfunction of SLG1 results in plants with thermosensitive phenotype, while overexpression of SLG1 enhances the tolerance of plants to high temperature. SLG1 is differentiated between the two Asian cultivated rice subspecies, indica and japonica, and the variations at both promoter and coding regions lead to an increased level of thiolated tRNA and enhanced thermotolerance of indica rice varieties. Our results demonstrate that the allelic differentiation of SLG1 confers indica rice to high-temperature tolerance, and tRNA thiolation pathway might be a potential target in the next generation rice breeding for the warming globe.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Fermented Papaya Extracts on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia Induced by Estrogen and Progestin in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqiang You ◽  
Junying Sun ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Zhiqin Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A

Fermented papaya extracts (FPEs) are obtained by fermentation of papaya by Aspergillus oryzae and yeasts. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of FPEs on mammary gland hyperplasia induced by estrogen and progestogen. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including a control group, an FPE-alone group, a model group, and three FPE treatment groups (each receiving 30, 15, or 5 ml/kg FPEs). Severe mammary gland hyperplasia was induced upon estradiol benzoate and progestin administration. FPEs could improve the pathological features of the animal model and reduce estrogen levels in the serum. Analysis of oxidant indices revealed that FPEs could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the mammary glands and serum of the animal models, and decrease the proportion of cells positive for the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-oxo-dG in the mammary glands. Additionally, estradiol benzoate and progestin altered the levels of serum biochemical compounds such as aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and alanine transaminase (ALT), as well as hepatic oxidant indices such as SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). These indices reverted to normal levels upon oral administration of a high dose of FPEs. Taken together, our results indicate that FPEs can protect the mammary glands and other visceral organs from oxidative damage.

Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs: Implications for the human diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sahlin ◽  
J. D. House
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs provides an opportunity to increase the levels of key nutrients-especially those deemed to be at marginal or insufficient levels-in the human diet for optimal health and well-being. In general, enhancement efforts have focussed on developing feeding strategies to achieve optimal vitamin levels in meat and eggs. The definition of an optimal strategy is influenced by factors such as: (1) the efficiency of vitamin transfer into the final product, (2) the impact on animal performance or health, (3) the impact on the quality characteristics of the final product and (4) economic considerations. Vitamins are an extremely diverse class of nutrients in terms of their chemical and physical properties. Each vitamin differs with respect to stability during processing, susceptibility to bioconversion within the intestinal tract, digestibility, transport and storage in tissues. It follows that the development of vitamin-enriched meat and eggs will be highly dependent on the interaction of multiple factors. Ultimately, the success of such strategies must be judged against the contributions that the enriched products make to the human diet in terms of vitamin intake and consumer acceptance of the products. Key words: Meat, eggs, vitamin enhancement, bioavailability, dietary reference intakes

scholarly journals Salep Kullanımının Fermente Türk Sucuğu Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
İsmail Gök ◽  
Birol Kılıç ◽  
Cem Okan Özer
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Tbars Values ◽  
And Storage ◽  
All Treatment

The aim of this study, the effect of addition to salep at different concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) into sucuk on physicochemical, textural and sensorial properties were investigated at d fermentation and storage periods (5., 10., 20. ve 30. days). The results indicated that TBARS values gradually increased during fermentation and storage periods in all treatment groups. However, addition of 10% salep decreased TBARS values compared to control group at the end of fermentation and storage period. pH values of sucuks were decreased with addition of salep. Higher L* values were observed in sucuk with 10% salep at the end of the fermentation and storage period. Increasing levels of salep in sucuk formulation caused an increase in hardness and ash values, a decrease in moisture values in sucuk. The results of this study indicated that salep may be used in sucuk manufacture by the meat industry to improve shelf-life and quality parameters of the product.

scholarly journals Regional environmental conditions determine tolerance to future warming of a marine macroalgae forests

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Verdura ◽  
Sonia de Caralt ◽  
Jorge Santamaria ◽  
Alba Vergés ◽  
Luisa Mangialajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract: In the Mediterranean Sea, many species of Cystoseira, which are important habitat-forming species on shallow rocky bottoms, have gone missing from many coastal areas, impairing essential ecosystem services. Cystoseira crinita forests thrive in very shallow waters from sheltered environments and are currently regressing in several European shores. In the actual scenario of ocean warming it is essential to determine the vulnerability of these populations to thermal stress in order to design future conservation actions. Since the response of this macroalgae to thermal stress may be site-specific, here we compared the thermal tolerance of populations dwelling in the coldest and warmest areas of the Mediterranean Sea. We show that C. crinita populations from warmer areas (Eastern Mediterranean) had a temperature tolerance threshold 2ºC higher than Northwestern Mediterranean populations. There is a strong correlation between the observed differential phenotypic responses and the local temperature regimes experienced by each population. This is the first evidence for the role of thermal history in shaping the thermotolerance responses marine habitat-forming macroalgae under contrasting temperature environments. Financial support from EU2020 (R+I) under grant agreement No 689518 (MERCES) and MINECO (CGL2016-76341-R).

scholarly journals Characterization and protective effects of lytic bacteriophage pAh6.2TG against a pathogenic multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thanh Dien ◽  
Le Buu Ky ◽  
Bui The Huy ◽  
Muhammad Fadhlullah Mursalim ◽  
Pattanapon Kayansamruaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Phage Treatment

Bacteriophage is considered an alternative to antibiotics and environmentally friendly approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture. Here, we reported isolation, morphology and genomic characterizations of a newly isolated lytic bacteriophage, designated pAh6.2TG. Host range and stability of pAh6.2TG in different environmental conditions, and protective efficacy against a pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile tilapia were subsequently evaluated. The results showed that pAh6.2TG is a member of the family Myoviridae which has genome size of 51,780 bp, encoding 65 putative open reading frames (ORFs), and is most closely related to Aeromonas phage PVN02 (99.33% nucleotide identity). The pAh6.2TG was highly specific to A. hydrophila and infected 83.3% tested strains of MDR A. hydrophila (10 out of 12) with relative stability at pH 7 ­ 9, temperature 0 ­ 40 C and salinity 0 ­ 40 ppt. In experimental challenge, pAh6.2TG treatments significantly improved survivability of Nile tilapia exposed to a lethal dose of the pathogenic MDR A. hydrophila, with relative percent survival (RPS) of 73.3% and 50% for phage multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1.0 and 0.1, respectively. Significant reduction of bacterial counts in rearing water at 3 h (6.7 ± 0.5 to 18.1 ± 6.98 folds) and in fish liver at 48 h post-treatment (2.7 ± 0.24 to 34.08 ± 26.4 folds) was observed in phage treatment groups while opposite pattern for bacterial counts was observed in untreated control. Interestingly, the surviving fish provoked specific antibody (IgM) against the challenged A. hydrophila. These results might explain the higher survival in phage treatment groups. In summary, the findings suggested that the lytic bacteriophage pAh6.2TG is an effective alternative to antibiotics to control MDR A. hydrophila in tilapia and possibly other freshwater fish.

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