Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs: Implications for the human diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sahlin ◽  
J. D. House
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Enhancing the vitamin content of meat and eggs provides an opportunity to increase the levels of key nutrients-especially those deemed to be at marginal or insufficient levels-in the human diet for optimal health and well-being. In general, enhancement efforts have focussed on developing feeding strategies to achieve optimal vitamin levels in meat and eggs. The definition of an optimal strategy is influenced by factors such as: (1) the efficiency of vitamin transfer into the final product, (2) the impact on animal performance or health, (3) the impact on the quality characteristics of the final product and (4) economic considerations. Vitamins are an extremely diverse class of nutrients in terms of their chemical and physical properties. Each vitamin differs with respect to stability during processing, susceptibility to bioconversion within the intestinal tract, digestibility, transport and storage in tissues. It follows that the development of vitamin-enriched meat and eggs will be highly dependent on the interaction of multiple factors. Ultimately, the success of such strategies must be judged against the contributions that the enriched products make to the human diet in terms of vitamin intake and consumer acceptance of the products. Key words: Meat, eggs, vitamin enhancement, bioavailability, dietary reference intakes

Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter looks at the purpose and history of the development of good clinical practice (GCP). The international conference on harmonisation (ICH) GCP is the international quality standard for conducting clinical research to ensure the rights and well-being of patients are protected and the resulting data are valid. The cornerstone of ethics in research stems from the Declaration of Helsinki and the chapter looks at the changes in the Declaration and the impact on clinical trials. The development of the ICH process is described and the E, S, Q and M guidelines are discussed, The efficacy guidelines affect the practical aspects of trials and the efficacy guideline number 6 (E6) is on GCP. The content of the E6 guidelines is reviewed including the responsibilities of ethics committees, investigator and sponsor. Documentation requirements including the Protocol and Investigator Brochure as well as all the other documents are outlined. The guidelines are written to be interpreted and companies and institutions have to document their interpretation using standard operating procedures (SOPs). Although ICH GCP is regarded as the world-wide standard it sits alongside countries' legislation. In Europe CTIMPs have to follow the EU Directives and Regulation. Non pharmaceutical/non interventional healthcare research has no legal requirements to adhere to ICH GCP and is carried out under different research governance frameworks (RGF), however they all have their principles based on ICH GCP. The chapter also discusses the definition of an IMP and the decisions and processes that have to be followed when conducting non CTIMP studies.

scholarly journals Higher Hemoglobin Levels Are Associated With Better Physical Performance Among Older Adults Without Anemia: A Longitudinal Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligiana Pires Corona ◽  
Flavia Cristina Drummond Andrade ◽  
Tiago Silva Alexandre ◽  
Tábatta Renata Pereira Brito ◽  
Daniella Pires Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality among older adults, and it is associated with decreased physical performance. But the role of hemoglobin in the absence of anemia remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of hemoglobin levels on physical performance in Brazilian older adults without anemia. Methods The study is longitudinal in that it relies on two waves of the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE; Health, Well-being, and Aging) study: 2010 and 2015–2016. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the hemoglobin concentrations on the Short Physical Performance Battery-SPPB over time among the 1,020 who had complete data and did not have anemia in 2010. In the follow-up, there were 562 without anemia. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results In analyses adjusted for age, education, grip strength, comorbidities, and body mass index, hemoglobin levels were positively associated with physical performance scores among older women (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) and men (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) without anemia. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that higher hemoglobin levels were associated with better physical performance among older men and women without anemia. This finding is important because, in clinical practice, most health professionals focus on the World Health Organization definition of anemia. Our study suggests the importance of hemoglobin levels among older adults, even those without anemia.

scholarly journals Measuring What Matters—A Holistic Approach to Measuring Well-Being in Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori McPherson ◽  
Siladitya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Capability Approach ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Narrow Definition ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Endometriosis is a common condition which affects women in a number of ways and impairs their ability to live a full and meaningful life. Evaluative research has traditionally taken its cue from a medical approach which has forced women to choose one area of functioning as their primary concern, and tended to use a narrow definition of treatment success which ignores general well-being. While recent trials have included quality of life (QOL) measures as outcomes, these have not been able to capture the totality of the impact of the disease and its treatment on a woman's capability to do what she might want to do and be who she might want to be. A capability approach might overcome this barrier, but the available tools will need to be refined and validated in women with endometriosis before this can be integrated within everyday clinical and research practice.

scholarly journals Family dissolution and children’s social well-being at school: a historic cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Lund Laursen ◽  
Kathrine Bang Madsen ◽  
Carsten Obel ◽  
Lena Hohwü
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
Family Dissolution ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic Cohort

Abstract Background Family dissolution has become more common and one third of the child population in most Western countries now experience family dissolution. Studies show that children from dissolved families have lower levels of social well-being than children from intact families, but only few studies have examined the impact on social well-being specifically in the school setting. We investigated the association between family dissolution and children’s social well-being at school, including the possible influence of the child’s age at the time of the family dissolution. Methods We defined a historic cohort study of 219,226 children and adolescents aged 9–16 years and combined demographic registry data of family structure with questionnaire data on social well-being based on the Danish National Well-being Questionnaire completed in 2015. The definition of social well-being was constructed on the children’s perception of sense of belonging in the school setting, in the class and the school community, as well as perceptions on safety, loneliness and bullying. We examined low social well-being according to family dissolution and used multiple logistic regression analyses to adjust for parental educational level, ethnicity and siblings and further stratified for gender and age. Results A total of 5% of the children had a low social well-being at school. Among the 31% who lived in dissolved families, we found more children with a low level of social well-being at school (adjusted OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.36;1.47) than those in intact families; especially among those who at the time of family dissolution were in the preschool age (1.55, 95% CI 1.47;1.64). Conclusion Children from dissolved families had higher odds for low social well-being at school compared with children from intact families, especially those who experienced family dissolution in the preschool age. The school may be an important setting for identifying and providing help and support in children experiencing family dissolution.

scholarly journals Considering the Differential Impact of Three Facets of Organizational Health Climate on Employees’ Well-Being

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zandra M. Zweber ◽  
Robert A. Henning ◽  
Vicki J. Magley ◽  
Pouran Faghri
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

One potential way that healthy organizations can impact employee health is by promoting a climate for health within the organization. Using a definition of health climate that includes support for health from multiple levels within the organization, this study examines whether all three facets of health climate—the workgroup, supervisor, and organization—work together to contribute to employee well-being. Two samples are used in this study to examine health climate at the individual level and group level in order to provide a clearer picture of the impact of the three health climate facets.k-means cluster analysis was used on each sample to determine groups of individuals based on their levels of the three health climate facets. A discriminant function analysis was then run on each sample to determine if clusters differed on a function of employee well-being variables. Results provide evidence that having strength in all three of the facets is the most beneficial in terms of employee well-being at work. Findings from this study suggest that organizations must consider how health is treated within workgroups, how supervisors support employee health, and what the organization does to support employee health when promoting employee health.

scholarly journals Trauma-informed care: recognizing and resisting re-traumatization in health care

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000815
Author(s):  
Samara Grossman ◽  
Zara Cooper ◽  
Heather Buxton ◽  
Sarah Hendrickson ◽  
Annie Lewis-O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

Trauma is often viewed as an individual or interpersonal issue. This paper expands the definition of trauma to include the impact collective and structural elements on health and well-being. The need for a trauma-informed response is demonstrated, with instruction as to how to implement this type of care in order to resist re-traumatization. Three examples from healthcare settings across the nation are provided, to demonstrate the ways in which organizations are bringing forward this patient-centered, trauma-informed approach to care.

Individual differences in Macaques' responses to stressors based on social and physiological factors: implications for primate welfare and research outcomes

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. Boccia ◽  
Mark L. Laudenslager ◽  
Martin L. Reite
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Distinct Individual ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Primates are used extensively in a variety of research settings. Federal regulations in the US mandate that caretakers provide for the 'psychological well-being of laboratory primates'. One of the difficulties in implementing this law has been both in the definition of psychological well-being and in the need to deal with each primate species and, in some cases, age or sex class, uniquely. Non-human primates exhibit distinct individual differences in their behavioural and physiological responses to experimental challenges and caretaking procedures. We have been investigating what factors can predict some of these individual differences, and have found that factors both intrinsic and extrinsic are significant. Extrinsic factors found to predict individual differences in response to stressors include the nature and prior experience with the challenge, the presence of familiar peers and availability of social support. Intrinsic factors include cognitive interpretations of the challenge and temperamental differences in reactivity. These studies highlight the importance of understanding the context and individual psychology of macaques in order to provide laboratory environments conducive to their welfare, and in order to understand the impact experimental and caretaking procedures are likely to have on the health and welfare of our subjects.

scholarly journals The Impact of Spirituality and Spiritually-Oriented Therapeutic Interventions on Schizophrenia Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Özge Erduran-Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Spiritual Counseling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Counseling Practices

Schizophrenia, with its various aspects that are as yet as unexplainable and which causes those suffering from it to move away from relationships and reality, is a severe psychiatric disorder that usually deteriorates thinking and behavior from an early age. A general definition of schizophrenia has been mentioned for the purpose of this study without describing the types of schizophrenia in detail. The main axis of the study is what role spirituality may have in increasing schizophrenic patients’ well-being, which is the last step in the model for their medical treatment. A lack of deterioration in patients’ consciousness and short-term memory is very important in order for them to be able to understand the therapeutic practices; the study discusses spiritual counseling practices that can be studied with schizophrenic patients who have no problems in these areas. The study evaluates the concept of insight in schizophrenia patients from different perspectives and includes spiritual counseling practices that can be done with schizophrenia patients possessing high levels of insight. The study continues by examining which individual spiritual counseling practices are possible for patients with schizophrenia and presents the example of group counseling over spiritual counseling practices for patients with schizophrenia as well as which counseling practices can be done for schizophrenic patients and their families. The main aim of this study is to present to clinicians, psychologists, and psychological counselors working in the field a general review of the literature on studies that have examined the relationship between schizophrenia and spirituality and to give them ideas into how to integrate spiritual counseling practices into the process while working with schizophrenia patients and their relatives.

scholarly journals Roma, Adequate Housing, and the Home

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cittadini
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Supportive Environment ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This article presents a critical discourse analysis of the European Union’s documents released between 2008 and 2016 on the Right to Housing and on the inclusion of the Romani minority. The objective is to analyze the definition of adequate housing and its impact on the representation of the Roma and on the consequent housing strategies. The article highlights how a restrictive interpretation of the term “adequate housing”, understood exclusively as a series of physical parameters, associates the Roma with “inadequate” and “substandard” accommodation. This interpretation supports the persistent representation of the Roma as a vulnerable homogeneous group, “Other” from “mainstream society”, informing paternalistic policies that prevent the meaningful participation of Romani individuals in decisionmaking. Furthermore, it fails to acknowledge the immaterial factors affecting the subjective understanding of the house and its relation with the identity of the individual, hindering the empowering potential of home-making practices. Following this analysis, the article claims the necessity of recognizing the impact of affective and immaterial factors such as the creation of a socially supportive environment and the possibility of personalizing the domestic space, in the development of housing policies aimed at supporting the identity and well-being of the individual.

scholarly journals Field evidence for microplastic interactions in marine benthic invertebrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Vecchi ◽  
Jessica Bianchi ◽  
Massimiliano Scalici ◽  
Fabrizio Fabroni ◽  
Paolo Tomassetti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Marine Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMicroplastics represent an important issue of concern for marine ecosystems worldwide, and closed seas, such as the Mediterranean, are among the most affected by this increasing threat. These pollutants accumulate in large quantities in benthic environments causing detrimental effects on diverse biocenoses. The main focus of this study is on the ‘polychaetes-microplastics’ interactions, particularly on two species of benthic polychaetes with different ecology and feeding strategies: the sessile and filter feeder Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin, 1791) and the vagile carnivorous Hermodice carunculata (Pallas, 1766). Since not standardized protocols are proposed in literature to date, we compared efficiencies of diverse common procedures suitable for digesting organic matter of polychaetes. After the definition of an efficient digestion protocol for microplastics extraction for both polychaetes, our results showed high microplastics ingestion in both species. Microplastics were found in 42% of individuals of S. spallanzanii, with a mean of 1 (± 1.62) microplastics per individual, in almost all individuals of H. carunculata (93%), with a mean of 3.35 (± 2.60). These significant differences emerged between S. spallanzanii and H. carunculata, is probably due to the diverse feeding strategies. The susceptibility to this pollutant makes these species good bioindicators of the impact of microplastics on biota.

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