scholarly journals Do restrained eaters show increased BMI, food craving and disinhibited eating? A comparison of the Restraint Scale and the Restrained Eating scale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Adams ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Disinhibited Eating ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Suitable Measure

Despite being used interchangeably, different measures of restrained eating have been associated with different dietary behaviours. These differences have impeded replicability across the restraint literature and have made it difficult for researchers to interpret results and use the most appropriate measure for their research. Across a total sample of 1731 participants, this study compared the Restraint Scale (RS), and its subscales, to the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) across several traits related to overeating. The aim was to explore potential differences between these two questionnaires so that we could help to identify the most suitable measure as a prescreening tool for eating-related interventions. Results revealed that although the two measures are highly correlated with one another ( r s = 0.73–0.79), the RS was more strongly associated with external ( r s = −0.07 to 0.11 versus −0.18 to −0.01) and disinhibited eating ( r s = 0.46 versus 0.31), food craving ( r s = 0.12–0.27 versus 0.02–0.13 and 0.22 versus −0.06) and body mass index ( r s = 0.25–0.34 versus −0.13 to 0.15). The results suggest that, compared to the DEBQ, the RS is a more appropriate measure for identifying individuals who struggle the most to control their food intake.

Do differences between individuals who are healthy weight or overweight on self-report measures of disinhibited eating and restrained eating reflect reality or item “bias”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-567
Author(s):  
Kelsie T. Forbush ◽  
Q. Chelsea Song ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
Sara R. Gould ◽  
Danielle A. N. Chapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Disinhibited Eating

scholarly journals Can we change binge eating behaviour by interventions addressing food-related impulsivity? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak İnce ◽  
Johanna Schlatter ◽  
Sebastian Max ◽  
Christian Plewnia ◽  
Stephan Zipfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract Background An extensive amount of research has underlined the potential role of impulsivity in the development and maintenance of binge eating behaviour. Food-related impulsivity has particularly received attention given its close relationship with overeating and binge eating episodes. Besides the available evidence, our understanding regarding the effectiveness of treatment modalities for binge eating targeting impulsivity and related constructs (e.g., food craving, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity) is limited. Thus, this systematic review aimed to investigate whether binge eating behaviour is changeable by interventions that are impulsivity-focused and food-related and whether one of these interventions is superior to the others. Method A search on PubMed and PsycINFO was performed for relevant articles published up to September 2020. Studies delivering food-related impulsivity treatment to individuals suffering from binge eating episodes and including a control condition without this treatment were investigated. Following the search, 15 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were analysed. Results Analyses revealed that available impulsivity-focused approaches can be categorised as psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, computer-assisted cognitive training, and direct neuromodulation interventions. Regarding their effectiveness, it appeared that all of these approaches might be promising to change food-related impulsivity in individuals with binge eating episodes, particularly to decrease binge eating symptoms. However, a superior intervention approach in this early state of evidence could not be determined, although food-related cue exposure, transcranial direct current stimulation, and the combination of several interventions seem fruitful. Conclusion Efforts to treat binge eating behaviour with interventions focusing on food-related impulsivity appear to be promising, particularly concerning binge eating frequency, and also for food craving and inhibitory control. Given limited research and varying methods, it was not possible to conclude whether one impulsivity-focused intervention can be considered superior to others.

scholarly journals Effects of a 2-year healthy eating and physical activity intervention for 3–6-year-olds in communities of high and low socio-economic status: the POP (Prevention of Overweight among Pre-school and school children) project

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1737-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie De Coen ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Carine Vereecken ◽  
Vera Verbestel ◽  
Leen Haerens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Profile Control

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a school-based, 2-year, multi-component intervention on BMI, eating and physical activity behaviour in Flanders, Belgium, targeting children aged 3–6 years in communities of high and low socio-economic status (SES).DesignCluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingThirty-one pre-primary and primary schools in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched (on SES profile) control communities in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsBMI Z-scores at baseline and follow-up were calculated for 1102 children. Questionnaires with sociodemographic data and FFQ were available from 694 of these 1102 children.ResultsNo significant effects were found on BMI Z-scores for the total sample. However, there was a significant decrease in BMI Z-score of 0·11 in the low-SES intervention community compared with the low-SES control community, where the BMI Z-score increased by 0·04 (F = 6·26, P = 0·01). No significant intervention effects could be found for eating behaviour, physical activity or screen-time. There were no significant interaction effects of age and gender of the children on the outcome variables.ConclusionsAlthough no significant effects were found for BMI Z-scores in the total sample, this intervention had a promising effect in the low-SES community of reducing excess weight gain among young children.

An electronic, unsupervised patient-reported Expanded Disability Status Scale for multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852096881
Author(s):  
Andrew R Romeo ◽  
William M Rowles ◽  
Erica S Schleimer ◽  
Patrick Barba ◽  
Wan-Yu Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Participation In Research ◽  
Good Agreement

Background: In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is the criterion standard for assessing disability, but its in-person nature constrains patient participation in research and clinical assessments. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scalable, electronic, unsupervised patient-reported EDSS (ePR-EDSS) that would capture MS-related disability across the spectrum of severity. Methods: We enrolled 136 adult MS patients, split into a preliminary testing Cohort 1 ( n = 50), and a validation Cohort 2 ( n = 86), which was evenly distributed across EDSS groups. Each patient completed an ePR-EDSS either immediately before or after a MS clinician’s Neurostatus EDSS evaluation. Results: In Cohort 2, mean age was 50.6 years (range = 26–80) and median EDSS was 3.5 (interquartile range (IQR) = [1.5, 5.5]). The ePR-EDSS and EDSS agreed within 1-point for 86% of examinations; kappa for agreement within 1-point was 0.85 ( p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the two measures was 0.91 (<0.001). Discussion: The ePR-EDSS was highly correlated with EDSS, with good agreement even at lower EDSS levels. For clinical care, the ePR-EDSS could enable the longitudinal monitoring of a patient’s disability. For research, it provides a valid and rapid measure across the entire spectrum of disability and permits broader participation with fewer in-person assessments.

scholarly journals Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Health: A Global Stocktake

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wagstaff ◽  
Patrick Eozenou ◽  
Marc Smitz
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Summary Measures ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Catastrophic Expenditures ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures by reviewing the various summary measures and the results of multi-country studies using these measures. The paper presents estimates for 146 countries from all World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 international dollars, driven in large part by differences in per capita income and the share of GDP spent on health. The two measures of dispersion or risk—the coefficient of variation and Q90/Q50—are only weakly correlated across countries and not explained by our macroeconomic and health system indicators. Considerable variation emerges in the out-of-pocket health expenditure budget share, which is highly correlated with the incidence of “catastrophic expenditures”. Out-of-pocket expenditures tend to be regressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the poor when expenditures are assessed relative to income, while expenditures tend to be progressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the rich when expenditures are assessed relative to consumption. At the extreme poverty line of $1.90-a-day, most impoverishment due to out-of-pocket expenditures occurs among low-income countries.

scholarly journals Consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks are associated with psychological dimensions of eating behaviour in parents and their 12-year-old children

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 914-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Elfhag ◽  
Sanna Tholin ◽  
Finn Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated associations between consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks and the psychological dimensions of eating in parents and their children. The role of the parent’s characteristics for their children’s food intake was also explored.DesignFood intake patterns were assessed by self-reported consumption of the respective foods. Eating behaviour was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and self-esteem by Harter self-perception scale. The participants were 1441 families (mother, father and their 12-year-old child), and additionally 354 mothers and thirty fathers.ResultsAmong parents, reported intake of fruit and vegetables were associated with restrained eating, higher self-esteem, and higher education and age. Intake of sweets was related to more external and less restrained eating, and for mothers also emotional eating. Parent’s intake of soft drink was foremost related to a younger age, and also weakly associated with psychological characteristics. The food intake of parents was more important for the children’s food intake than any other characteristics. However, children’s intake of sweets showed clear-cut positive associations with external eating.ConclusionsPsychological dimensions of eating behaviour are associated with patterns of food intake, in particular for consumption of sweets, and are most prominent in the parents. The children’s food intake mirrored their parents’ intake. Being sensitive to external food cues may increase unhealthy food consumption in our society, whereas more restrained eating may indicate proneness or intention to healthier food choices among parents. Emotional eating may imply a proneness to consume sweets for comfort, in particular among mothers.

scholarly journals Fat Sensation: Fatty Acid Taste and Olfaction Sensitivity and the Link with Disinhibited Eating Behaviour

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Kindleysides ◽  
Kathryn Beck ◽  
Daniel Walsh ◽  
Lisa Henderson ◽  
Shakeela Jayasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Disinhibited Eating

scholarly journals Associations of individual and family eating patterns during childhood and early adolescence: a multicentre European study of associated eating disorder factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Krug ◽  
Janet Treasure ◽  
Marija Anderluh ◽  
Laura Bellodi ◽  
Elena Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Eat 26

The objective of this study was to examine whether there is an association between individual and family eating patterns during childhood and early adolescence and the likelihood of developing a subsequent eating disorder (ED). A total of 1664 participants took part in the study. The ED cases (n 879) were referred for assessment and treatment to specialized ED units in five different European countries and were compared to a control group of healthy individuals (n 785). Participants completed the Early Eating Environmental Subscale of the Cross-Cultural (Environmental) Questionnaire, a retrospective measure, which has been developed as part of a European multicentre trial in order to detect dimensions associated with ED in different countries. In the control group, also the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-I) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) were used. Five individually Categorical Principal Components Analysis (CatPCA) procedures were adjusted, one for each theoretically expected factor. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the domains with the strongest effects from the CatPCA scores in the total sample were: food used as individualization, and control and rules about food. On the other hand, healthy eating was negatively related to a subsequent ED. When differences between countries were assessed, results indicated that the pattern of associated ED factors did vary between countries. There was very little difference in early eating behaviour on the subtypes of ED. These findings suggest that the fragmentation of meals within the family and an excessive importance given to food by the individual and the family are linked to the later development of an ED.

Relationship between Two Measures of Verbal Relatedness: Preliminary Report

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Bertram Garskof ◽  
George R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Correction For Attenuation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Single Response ◽  
Free Word

Two measures of associative overlap between word pairs, the Mutual Relatedness Index (MR) and the Relatedness Coefficient (RC), computed from group single response free word associations and continued word associations from individual Ss, respectively, were computed from norms obtained from the same Ss for two samples of word pairs. The correlation between MR and RC for the two samples, was .540 and .504. With correction for attenuation, the correlation between MR and RC is .76. MR was highly correlated with direct association ( r = .88) while RC was not ( r = .43). It is tenable that MR and RC do not reflect the same aspects of verbal relatedness even though they are both considered measures of the associative overlap between a pair of words.

scholarly journals Reliability and Convergence of Approach/Avoidance Bias Assessment Tasks in the Food Consumption Domain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Basanovic ◽  
Laura Dondzilo ◽  
Daniel Rudaizky ◽  
Bram Van Bockstaele
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Approach Bias ◽  
Approach Avoidance

Theories of motivation posit that people will more readily approach positive or appetitive stimuli while they are more likely to avoid negative or aversive stimuli. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the relationship between biases in approach and avoidance behaviours for food cues and food craving and consumption behaviour. Two paradigms commonly employed by research to investigate this relationship are the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT) and the Stimulus Response Compatibility Task (SRCT). However, it is yet to be determined whether the measures yielded by these tasks reflect the same processes operating in the food craving and consumption domain. The purpose of the present study will be to address whether the AAT and SRCT paradigms provide internally reliable and convergent measures in their assessment of approach/avoidance bias to healthy and unhealthy food stimuli, and whether measures of approach/avoidance biases to healthy and unhealthy food yielded by the AAT and SRCT paradigms demonstrate comparable associations with individual differences in food craving and eating behaviour. The study will require participants to complete an SRCT, and two task variants of the AAT, and an estimate of participants’ approach bias towards unhealthy food relative to healthy food will be computed from each. Analyses will determine the internal reliability of each of the approach bias scores, the degree to which the approach bias scores show convergent validity, and the degree to which the approach bias scores from each task are concurrently associated with individual differences in food craving and eating behaviour.

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