Do differences between individuals who are healthy weight or overweight on self-report measures of disinhibited eating and restrained eating reflect reality or item “bias”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-567
Author(s):  
Kelsie T. Forbush ◽  
Q. Chelsea Song ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
Sara R. Gould ◽  
Danielle A. N. Chapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Disinhibited Eating

scholarly journals Development of a health literacy scale for preconception care: a study of the reproductive age population in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiko Suto ◽  
Haruhiko Mitsunaga ◽  
Yuka Honda ◽  
Eri Maeda ◽  
Erika Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preconception Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Skills

Abstract Background Preconception care aims to improve both maternal and child health in the short as well as long term, along with providing health benefits to adolescents, women, and men, whether or not they plan to become parents. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions for improving preconception health in population-based settings. To accumulate evidence in this field, this study focused on the concept of health literacy, and aimed to develop a self-report health literacy scale in Japanese, focusing on preconception care. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional online survey. Participants were recruited from December 2019 to February 2020 from the registered members of a web-based research company. Participants were Japanese men and women aged 16–49 (n = 2000). A factor analysis was conducted to select both factors and items for health-related behavior and skills (33 initial items were generated), along with an item response theory analysis to examine how the 16 items were related to people’s knowledge of preconception care. Results We developed a 6-factor (including “appropriate medical examinations,” “appropriate diet,” “stress coping,” “healthy weight,” “safe living environment,” and “vaccinations”), 25-item behavior and skills scale, as well as a 13-item knowledge scale, to evaluate participants’ health literacy around preconception care. A shortened version, consisting of 17 items, was also prepared from the 25 items. The reliability coefficients of total scores and each factor of the behavior and skills scale were comparatively high, with weak-to-moderate correlation between behavior and skills and knowledge. Conclusions The new scale will, ideally, provide information on the current state of preconception care health literacy of the general population. In addition, this scale, which consists of both behavioral/skills and knowledge dimensions, should help support the effective implementation of risk assessment programs and interventions aimed at promoting behavioral changes using a population-based approach. Future studies using different question/administration formats for diverse populations, and considering respondents’ opinions on health literacy scales should be effective in improving this scale.

Activity and Obesity of Colombian Immigrants in Canada Who Use a Food Bank

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ng ◽  
Timothy J. Rush ◽  
Meizi He ◽  
Jennifer D. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
University Education ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Canadian Immigrants

The purpose of this study was to provide some preliminary description of the Latin-Canadian community by reporting the socioeconomic status, physical activity, and weight status (i.e., healthy weight, overweight, or obese status) of Colombians newly immigrated to London, Ontario Canada. Face-to-face interviews were conducted on a convenience sample of 77 adult Colombian immigrant food bank users (46.8% men; mean age 39.9 yr., SD = 11.8). Physical activity was gauged using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and self-report Body Mass Index, and sociodemographic data were collected. Of respondents, 47% had a university education, and 97% received social support. 61% met recommended levels of physical activity. Men were more active, being involved in about 130 min. more of exercise per week, and more men were overweight than women (63.9% versus 39.0%, respectively). Of respondents, 73% reported being less active than before coming to Canada. This pilot study indicates that Latin-Canadian immigrants are a vulnerable group in need of acculturational support. Further study is warranted.

The Motivational Effects of Social Contagion on Exercise Participation in Young Female Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M.F. Scarapicchia ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
Ross E. Andersen ◽  
Enrique Garcia Bengoechea
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Social Contagion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Exercise Motivation ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Group A

Young inactive healthy-weight females (n = 42) were randomly assigned to exercise at a self-selected pace on a treadmill beside a confederate who was providing either intrinsic or externally regulated verbal primes. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), percentage of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and exercise continuance were recorded. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire assessing mood pre- and postexercise session and postexercise motivational outcomes. The intrinsic motivation group reported higher RPE values after 8 min of exercise, had higher recorded HR measures at all 5 recorded time points, exercised at a higher %HR max, spent more time in MVPA, and were more likely to continue to exercise than participants in the externally regulated motivation group. A time effect was noted for vigor. Based on these findings, exercise motivation can be “contagious” through verbal primes, suggesting that exercising with or around intrinsically motivated individuals may have beneficial outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Predictors of Physical Activity Change Among College Students in an Obesity Prevention Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Arigo ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Eric Stice
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Over Time

Background:Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is critical for maintaining a healthy weight, although little is known about psychological barriers to maintaining MVPA in at-risk groups. Identifying characteristics associated with poor MVPA maintenance in obesity prevention programs could improve participant outcomes.Methods:Toward this end, we examined predictors of MVPA in an obesity prevention trial for college students at risk for weight gain (n = 333; 72% female, mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2). Participants engaged in 1 of 3 weight control interventions and in 4 assessments over 12-month follow-up (ie, measured height/weight, self-reports of psychosocial characteristics, 4 days of accelerometer wear).Results:Multilevel modeling analyses showed that across conditions, participants decreased total MVPA minutes per week over 12 months (B = –5.48, P < .01). Baseline self-report scores for both impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance regarding engaging in unhealthy behaviors negatively predicted MVPA over time. Participants higher (vs. lower) in baseline impulsiveness (B = –6.89, P = .03) and dissonance (B = –4.10, P = .04) began the study with more MVPA minutes, but showed sharper declines over time.Conclusions:Targeted MVPA-focused intervention for students who show elevated impulsiveness and cognitive dissonance may improve both MVPA and weight control outcomes for these individuals.

scholarly journals Patterns of physical activity parenting practices among parent-adolescent dyads who participated in a cross-sectional internet-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Thomson ◽  
Alicia S. Landry ◽  
Tameka I. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Body Mass Index Category ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Overweight

Abstract Background While research exploring relationships between individual parenting practices and child physical activity (PA) exists, little is known about simultaneous use of practices. Hence, study objectives were to determine patterns of PA parenting practices and their associations with demographic, anthropometric, and PA measures in a large sample of parents and their adolescent children (12–17 years). Methods Dyadic survey data from Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE), a cross-sectional, internet-based study, conducted in 2014 were analyzed using latent class analysis on 5 PA parenting practices – pressuring, guided choice, expectations, facilitation, and modeling. Self-report model covariates included adolescent age and parent and adolescent sex, body mass index category (based on height and weight), legitimacy of parental authority regarding PA (PA-LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Results Based on 1166 parent-adolescent dyads, four latent classes were identified representing a continuum of practice use (high to low) – Complete Influencers (26%), Facilitating-Modeling Influencers (23%), Pressuring-Expecting Influencers (25%), and Indifferent Influencers (27%). Compared to dyads with parent underweight/healthy weight, dyads with parent overweight/obesity had 84% higher odds of belonging to Indifferent Influencers. Compared to dyads with adolescent underweight/healthy weight, dyads with adolescent overweight/obesity had 50 and 46% lower odds of belonging to Facilitating-Modeling and Indifferent Influencers. Odds of belonging to Pressuring-Expecting and Indifferent Influencers were less than 1% lower for every 1 min/day increase in parent MVPA and 2 and 4% lower for every 1 min/day increase in adolescent MVPA. Compared to dyads with high parental and adolescent agreement with PA-LPA, dyads with low agreement had between 3 and 21 times the odds of belonging to Facilitating-Modeling, Pressuring-Expecting, or Indifferent Influencers. Conclusions Findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of PA practices ranging from use of many, use of some, to low use of any practice and these patterns are differentially associated with parent and adolescent PA. When planning PA interventions, a counseling or intervening approach with parents to use combinations of practices, like facilitation and modeling, to positively influence their adolescents’ and possibly their own participation in PA may prove more efficacious than parental pressuring or lack of practice use.

scholarly journals Patterns of Physical Activity Parenting Practices Among Parent-Adolescent Dyads Who Participated in a Cross-Sectional Internet-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Thomson ◽  
Alicia S Landry ◽  
Tameka I Walls
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Body Mass Index Category ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Overweight

Abstract Background While research exploring relationships between individual parenting practices and child physical activity (PA) exists, little is known about simultaneous use of practices. Hence, study objectives were to determine patterns of PA parenting practices and their associations with demographic, anthropometric, and PA measures in a large sample of parents and their adolescent children (12–17 years). Methods Dyadic survey data from Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE), a cross-sectional, internet-based study, conducted in 2014 were analyzed using latent class analysis on five PA parenting practices – pressuring, guided choice, expectations, facilitation, and modeling. Self-report model covariates included adolescent age and parent and adolescent sex, body mass index category (based on height and weight), legitimacy of parental authority regarding PA (PA-LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Results Based on 1166 parent-adolescent dyads, four latent classes were identified representing a continuum of practice use (high to low) – Complete Influencers (26%), Facilitating-Modeling Influencers (23%), Pressuring-Expecting Influencers (25%), and Indifferent Influencers (27%). Compared to dyads with parent underweight/healthy weight, dyads with parent overweight/obesity had 84% higher odds of belonging to Indifferent Influencers. Compared to dyads with adolescent underweight/healthy weight, dyads with adolescent overweight/obesity had 50% and 46% lower odds of belonging to Facilitating-Modeling and Indifferent Influencers. Odds of belonging to Pressuring-Expecting and Indifferent Influencers were less than 1% lower for every 1 minute/day increase in parent MVPA and 2% and 4% lower for every 1 minute/day increase in adolescent MVPA. Compared to dyads with high parental and adolescent agreement with PA-LPA, dyads with low agreement had between 3 and 21 times the odds of belonging to one of the other three classes. Conclusions Findings suggest that parents utilize distinct patterns of PA practices ranging from use of many, use of some, to low use of any practice and these patterns are differentially associated with parent and adolescent PA. When planning PA interventions, a counseling or intervening approach with parents to use combinations of practices, like facilitation and modeling, to positively influence their adolescents’ and possibly their own participation in PA may prove more efficacious than parental pressuring or lack of practice use. Trial registration: Not applicable.

scholarly journals Exercise Program-Related Psychosocial Changes Promote Healthy Weight in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
James J. Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
After School ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Care Protocol

Background: An inappropriately high weight in children is a predictor of health risks. Reliable interventions that are easily disseminated are needed. Objective: Based on findings with adults, exercise-support methods might be leveraged to change behavioral predictors of a healthy body composition in youth. Analyses of changes in theory-based psychological variables’ association with changes in body composition within the context of youth-tailored treatment are required. Method: A 45 minute/day, 4 day/week, social cognitive/self-efficacy theory-based after-school care protocol, Youth Fit 4 Life, was tested in children of a normal (n=54) and overweight/obese (n=32) body composition over a school year. The treatment’s emphasis was on improvements in mood, self-efficacy, and self-regulation related to physical activity. Validated self-report measures of negative mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, and BMI, were administered at baseline, and months 3 and 9. The prediction of BMI change from changes in the psychosocial variables was assessed using multiple regression analyses. Results: Change in BMI and improvements in the aforementioned psychosocial factors were significant over both 3 and 9 months, and did not differ between body composition groups. Analyses indicated that over 3 months, self-regulation change was a significant predictor of BMI change (β=-0.26, SE=0.05, P=0.03), while over 9 months, self-efficacy change significantly predicted BMI change (β=-0.21, SE=0.02, P=0.05). Conclusion: After replications and extensions focused also on eating behaviors, it was suggested that the inexpensive and efficient Youth Fit 4 Life protocol might be scalable across community venues to address childhood overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Older Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese Compared to Those with a Healthy Weight, NHANES 2011–2014 (P01-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Alexandra Cowan ◽  
Anindya Bhadra ◽  
Kevin Dodd ◽  
Johanna Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract Objectives The purpose was to evaluate nutritional status, food security, and related health factors of older adults who were overweight or obese compared to those with a healthy weight. Methods Data from 2969 adults aged ≥60 years from NHANES 2011–2014 were analyzed. Participants were categorized by sex and body weight status as healthy weight (body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25–29.9), or obese (BMI ≥ 30); underweight individuals were excluded. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores and total usual micronutrient intakes from foods and dietary supplements were estimated using two 24-hour dietary recalls and the National Cancer Institute method. Nutritional biomarkers, including serum vitamin D, vitamin B-12, and methylmalonic acid, and cardiometabolic risk factors were also assessed. Results A substantial proportion of older adults (>30%) had intakes below Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for calcium, magnesium, and vitamins C and D even with dietary supplements. Men and women with obesity had a higher prevalence of usual magnesium intakes <EAR compared to those with a healthy weight; among women only, the same was true for calcium, vitamins B-6 and D. Both men and women with obesity had significantly lower HEI-2015 scores than those with a healthy weight. The proportion of those with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 40 nmol/L was higher in women with obesity (12%) than in women with a healthy weight (6%). Men and women who were overweight or obese were more likely to self-report fair/poor health, use ≥5 medications, and have cardiometabolic risk factors, including elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared to individuals with a healthy weight. Women with obesity were more likely to be food-insecure and depressed, while men with obesity were less likely to consume government/community meals, compared to their counterparts. Conclusions Older adults with obesity had higher risk of inadequate intakes for several key micronutrients, lower overall dietary quality, and higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors compared to older adults with a healthy weight. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Older adults with obesity have higher risks of some micronutrient inadequacies and lower overall dietary quality compared to peers with a healthy weight, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), 2011–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2268-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinyoung Jun ◽  
Alexandra E Cowan ◽  
Anindya Bhadra ◽  
Kevin W Dodd ◽  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Women ◽  
National Health ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Health And Nutrition

AbstractObjective:To evaluate total usual intakes and biomarkers of micronutrients, overall dietary quality and related health characteristics of US older adults who were overweight or obese compared with a healthy weight.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Two 24-h dietary recalls, nutritional biomarkers and objective and subjective health characteristic data were analysed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014. We used the National Cancer Institute method to estimate distributions of total usual intakes from foods and dietary supplements for eleven micronutrients of potential concern and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 score.Participants:Older adults aged ≥60 years (n 2969) were categorised by sex and body weight status, using standard BMI categories. Underweight individuals (n 47) were excluded due to small sample size.Results:A greater percentage of obese older adults compared with their healthy-weight counterparts was at risk of inadequate Mg (both sexes), Ca, vitamin B6 and vitamin D (women only) intakes. The proportion of those with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 40 nmol/l was higher in obese (12 %) than in healthy-weight older women (6 %). Mean overall HEI-2015 scores were 8·6 (men) and 7·1 (women) points lower in obese than in healthy-weight older adults. In addition, compared with healthy-weight counterparts, obese older adults were more likely to self-report fair/poor health, use ≥ 5 medications and have limitations in activities of daily living and cardio-metabolic risk factors; and obese older women were more likely to be food-insecure and have depression.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that obesity may coexist with micronutrient inadequacy in older adults, especially among women.

scholarly journals Do restrained eaters show increased BMI, food craving and disinhibited eating? A comparison of the Restraint Scale and the Restrained Eating scale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Adams ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Restrained Eaters ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Disinhibited Eating ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Suitable Measure

Despite being used interchangeably, different measures of restrained eating have been associated with different dietary behaviours. These differences have impeded replicability across the restraint literature and have made it difficult for researchers to interpret results and use the most appropriate measure for their research. Across a total sample of 1731 participants, this study compared the Restraint Scale (RS), and its subscales, to the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) across several traits related to overeating. The aim was to explore potential differences between these two questionnaires so that we could help to identify the most suitable measure as a prescreening tool for eating-related interventions. Results revealed that although the two measures are highly correlated with one another ( r s = 0.73–0.79), the RS was more strongly associated with external ( r s = −0.07 to 0.11 versus −0.18 to −0.01) and disinhibited eating ( r s = 0.46 versus 0.31), food craving ( r s = 0.12–0.27 versus 0.02–0.13 and 0.22 versus −0.06) and body mass index ( r s = 0.25–0.34 versus −0.13 to 0.15). The results suggest that, compared to the DEBQ, the RS is a more appropriate measure for identifying individuals who struggle the most to control their food intake.

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