scholarly journals George William Gray CBE MRIA FRSE. 4 September 1926 — 12 May 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 187-211
Author(s):  
John W. Goodby ◽  
Peter Raynes
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Liquid Crystal Displays ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Flat Panel Displays ◽  
Electronic Displays ◽  
Societal Changes

George Gray was a renowned British materials chemist, internationally distinguished for his research into liquid crystals and their applications in flat-panel displays. His seminal invention of the liquid-crystalline cyanobiphenyls underpinned the creation of the modern electronic displays industry, which began with digital watches and has continued through to smart and three-dimensional televisions. There are now more liquid crystal displays in the world than people, and these devices have engendered societal changes through social networking on the Internet. His ability to design, synthesize and utilize self-organizing materials across the various disciplines of science showed that he was a supreme molecular engineer. For his contributions to soft-matter and related advanced technologies he was made a Commander of the British Empire, Kyoto Prize laureate, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy.

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

scholarly journals Advances in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resins for High Thermal Conductivity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Younggi Hong ◽  
Munju Goh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Random Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Insulator ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Epoxy ◽  
Thermally Conductive ◽  
Substantial Interest

Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most famous thermoset materials. In general, because EP has a three-dimensional random network, it possesses thermal properties similar to those of a typical heat insulator. Recently, there has been substantial interest in controlling the network structure of EP to create new functionalities. Indeed, the modified EP, represented as liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE), is considered promising for producing novel functionalities, which cannot be obtained from conventional EPs, by replacing the random network structure with an oriented one. In this paper, we review the current progress in the field of LCEs and their application to highly thermally conductive composite materials.

scholarly journals Programming the shape-shifting of flat soft matter: from self-rolling/self-twisting materials to self-folding origami

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janbaz ◽  
R. Hedayati ◽  
A. A. Zadpoor
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Surface Features

Rational programming of the shape-shifting behavior of flat materials (possibly decorated with complex surface features) to create complex three-dimensional structures.

Modelling of form in thermotropic polymers

1994 ◽  
Vol 348 (1686) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Singularity ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Elasticity Equations ◽  
Lower Total Energy ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Crystalline Microstructure

A lattice model of liquid crystalline microstructure has been developed. It provides the basis for the three-dimensional solution of the Frank elasticity equations for given boundary conditions while, in addition, providing a mechanistic representation of the development of texture as the microstructure relaxes with time. It is also able to represent disclination motion and the processes associated with their interaction. In particular, it has been used to study (s = ± 1/2) disclination loops, both those described by a single rotation vector, 17, and those in which 17 has a constant angular relationship with the loop line and are equivalent to a point singularity at a distance much larger than the loop radius. The application of the model to disclinations of unit strength, which are unstable both energetically and topologically, has shown that the decomposition into two 1/2 strength lines of lower total energy occurs much more readily than topological escape in the third dimension. The implication for structures observed in capillary tubes is discussed. The influence on microstructure of a splay constant much higher than that of twist or bend is explored in the context of main-chain liquid crystalline polymers, in particular, the stabilization of tangential +1 lines under such conditions is predicted in accord with observed microstructural features.

Three-dimensional printing with sacrificial materials for soft matter manufacturing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (08) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. O’Bryan ◽  
Tapomoy Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sean R. Niemi ◽  
Sidhika Balachandar ◽  
Nicholas Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Sacrificial Materials ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Abstract

Molyneux problem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Glenney
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Cube Corner ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
The Look

The Molyneux problem asks whether a newly sighted person might immediately identify shapes previously known only to touch, like cubes and spheres, by sight alone. Over three centuries ago, the designer, William Molyneux, a Fellow of the Royal Society living in Ireland, conveyed the problem in a series of letters to John Locke. Locke soon published the problem and Molyneux’s own ‘not’ answer, in the second edition of his famous work, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Molyneux reasoned that the newly sighted person would fail for having no way to know that the newly seen shapes were like the felt shapes; the feel of the cube corner would not at all be like the look of the cube corner. Many philosophers have agreed with Molyneux’s ‘not’, arguing either that each sense produces concepts unique to it or that new sensory experiences, like those of newly sighted people, are too primitive for identifying three-dimensional shapes. Additionally, early experiments on subjects who have had cataracts surgically removed seem to confirm Molyneux’s supposition, as the newly sighted do not immediately identify shapes known to them by touch. More recent empirical experiments on cataract surgery subjects, newborns, and with technological innovations like sensory substitution devices, suggest support for a ‘yes’ answer to the question, inspiring philosophical and psychological accounts of perception that explain how the newly sighted might succeed in recognizing three-dimensional spatial features by sight.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Generalized Dynamics of Soft-Matter Quasicrystals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tian-You Fan ◽  
Zhi-Yi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Governing Equations

The three-dimensional generalized dynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals was investigated, in which the governing equations of the dynamics are derived for observed 12-fold symmetry quasicrystals and possibly observed 8- and 10-fold symmetry ones in soft matter. The solving methods, possible solutions for some initial- and boundary-value problems of the equations, and possible applications are discussed as well.

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