scholarly journals Antarctic killer whales make rapid, round-trip movements to subtropical waters: evidence for physiological maintenance migrations?

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Durban ◽  
R. L. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Type B ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Periodic Maintenance ◽  
Physiological Constraint ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Prolonged Feeding

Killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) are important predators in high latitudes, where their ecological impact is mediated through their movements. We used satellite telemetry to provide the first evidence of migration for killer whales, characterized by fast (more than 12 km h −1 , 6.5 knots) and direct movements away from Antarctic waters by six of 12 type B killer whales tagged when foraging near the Antarctic Peninsula, including all tags transmitting for more than three weeks. Tags on five of these whales revealed consistent movements to subtropical waters (30–37° S) off Uruguay and Brazil, in surface water temperatures ranging from −1.9°C to 24.2°C; one 109 day track documented a non-stop round trip of almost 9400 km (5075 nmi) in just 42 days. Although whales travelled slower in the warmest waters, there was no obvious interruption in swim speed or direction to indicate calving or prolonged feeding. Furthermore, these movements were aseasonal, initiating over 80 days between February and April; one whale returned to within 40 km of the tagging site at the onset of the austral winter in June. We suggest that these movements may represent periodic maintenance migrations, with warmer waters allowing skin regeneration without the high cost of heat loss: a physiological constraint that may also affect other whales.

scholarly journals A decade of photo‐identification reveals contrasting abundance and trends of Type B killer whales in the coastal waters of the Antarctic Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Fearnbach ◽  
John W. Durban ◽  
David K. Ellifrit ◽  
Alyssa Paredes ◽  
Leigh S. Hickmott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Type B ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
The Antarctic

Diatom Fouling of the Little Picked Whales in the Antarctic Waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Zinchenko ◽  
V. P. Gerasimyuk
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic

Observations on moulting in Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba Dana)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
P Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Euphausia Superba ◽  
Dunaliella Tertiolecta ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba

Live E. superba were transported from Antarctic waters to a tropical laboratory where observations at the temperature of -0.5�C (0 to - 1.0�C), were made of intermoult period of specimens fed a mixture of microalgae (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) or artificial pet fish food or starved. Mean intermoult period was 26.4-27.1 days for fed specimens and 29.6 days for starved specimens, with no relation to the size of specimens. The moult accounted for a loss of 2.63-4.35% of animal dry weight, which is equivalent to 1.1-1.8% of animal nitrogen or 1.4-2.3% of animal carbon. The contribution of moults to detritus in the Antarctic Ocean was estimated as 0.11 g C m-2 per year.

scholarly journals Sea State Monitoring by Ship Motion Measurements Onboard a Research Ship in the Antarctic Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Silvia Pennino ◽  
Antonio Angrisano ◽  
Vincenzo Della Corte ◽  
Giampaolo Ferraioli ◽  
Salvatore Gaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Ship Motion ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Research Ship ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic

A parametric wave spectrum resembling procedure is applied to detect the sea state parameters, namely the wave peak period and significant wave height, based on the measurement and analysis of the heave and pitch motions of a vessel in a seaway, recorded by a smartphone located onboard the ship. The measurement system makes it possible to determine the heave and pitch acceleration spectra of the reference ship in the encounter frequency domain and, subsequently, the absolute sea spectra once the ship motion transfer functions are provided. The measurements have been carried out onboard the research ship “Laura Bassi”, during the oceanographic campaign in the Antarctic Ocean carried out in January and February 2020. The resembled sea spectra are compared with the weather forecast data, provided by the global-WAM (GWAM) model, in order to validate the sea spectrum resembling procedure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of The Seasonal Sea Ice of East Antarctica and Comparisons with Satellite Observations

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Jacka ◽  
I. Allison ◽  
R. Thwaites ◽  
J.C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
The Antarctic

A cruise to Antarctic waters from late October to mid December 1985 provided the opportunity to study characteristics of the seasonal sea ice from a time close to that of maximum extent through early spring decay. The area covered by the observations extends from the northern ice limit to the Antarctic coast between long. 50 °E and 80 E. Shipboard observations included ice extent, type and thickness, and snow depth. Ice cores were drilled at several sites, providing data on salinity and structure.The observations verify the highly dynamic and divergent nature of the Antarctic seasonal sea-ice 2one. Floe size and thickness varied greatly at all locations, although generally increasing from north to south. A high percentage of the total ice mass exhibited a frazil crystal structure, indicative of the existence of open water in the vicinity.The ground based observations are compared with observations from satellite sensors. The remote sensing data include the visual channel imagery from NOAA 6, NOAA 9, and Meteor 11. Comparisons are made with the operational ice charts produced (mainly from satellite data) by the Joint Ice Center, and with the analyses available by facsimile from Molodezhnaya.

High-Frequency Modulated Signals Recorded Off the Antarctic Peninsula Area: Are Killer Whales Emitting Them?

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
M. V. Reyes Reyes ◽  
S. Baumann-Pickering ◽  
A. Simonis ◽  
M. L. Melcón ◽  
J. Trickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Modulated Signals ◽  
The Antarctic

Stratigraphy of Antarctic late Cenozoic pectinid-bearing deposits

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Jonkers
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Antarctic Waters ◽  
The Antarctic

Antarctic late Cenozoic pectinid-bearing sedimentary strata are chiefly confined to localities in the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the McMurdo Sound area, and Marine Plain, East Antarctica. Ages of these deposits range from Oligocene to Holocene. Chlamys-like scallops, which are absent from today's Southern Ocean, thrived in Antarctic waters during both glacial and interglacial episodes, but disappeared during the Late Pliocene. Their extinction is believed to result from the combined effects of increased carbonate solubility, habitat loss and limitations in food availability, associated with major cooling.

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