scholarly journals Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long‐term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Jonscher ◽  
Michael S. Stewart ◽  
Alba Alfonso‐Garcia ◽  
Brian C. DeFelice ◽  
Xiaoxin X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hepatic Lipotoxicity

Hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Abdel Moneim* ◽  
Sanaa M. Abd El-Twab ◽  
Mohamed B. Ashour ◽  
Ahmed I. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Experimental Type

The goal of diabetes treatment is primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms and secondary to prevent long-term diabetic complications resulting from hyperglycemia. Thus, our present investigation was designed to evaluate the hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.wt.), after 15 min of i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg b.wt.). Gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 20, 40 mg/kg b.wt./day, respectively, for 6 weeks. Body weight, serum glucose, protein profile, liver function enzymes and kidney function indicators was assayed. Treatment with either gallic acid or p-coumaric acid significantly ameliorated the elevated levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and uric acid. Both compounds were also found to restore total protein, albumin, and globulin as well as body weight of diabetic rats to near normal values. It can conclude that both gallic acid and p-coumaric acid have potent hypoglycemic and hepato-renal protective effects in diabetic rats. Therefore, our results suggest promising hypoglycemic agents that can attenuate the progression of diabetic hepatopathy and nephropathy.

scholarly journals Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Production as a Possible Mechanism Underlying Caffeine's Protective Effect against Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wostyn ◽  
Debby Van Dam ◽  
Kurt Audenaert ◽  
Peter Paul De Deyn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Csf Production

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia among older people, is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Despite major advances in understanding the molecular etiology of the disease, progress in the clinical treatment of AD patients has been extremely limited. Therefore, new and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Accumulating evidence from human and animal studies suggests that the long-term consumption of caffeine, the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world, may be protective against AD. The mechanisms underlying the suggested beneficial effect of caffeine against AD remain to be elucidated. In recent studies, several potential neuroprotective effects of caffeine have been proposed. Interestingly, a recent study in rats showed that the long-term consumption of caffeine increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, associated with the increased expression of Na+-K+ATPase and increased cerebral blood flow. Compromised function of the choroid plexus and defective CSF production and turnover, with diminished clearance of Aβ, may be one mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of late-onset AD. If reduced CSF turnover is a risk factor for AD, then therapeutic strategies to improve CSF flow are reasonable. In this paper, we hypothesize that long-term caffeine consumption could exert protective effects against AD at least in part by facilitating CSF production, turnover, and clearance. Further, we propose a preclinical experimental design allowing evaluation of this hypothesis.

scholarly journals An Essential Role of Polymeric Adhesives in the Reinforcement of Acidified Paper Relics

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Huiping Xing ◽  
Yajun Zhou ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Starch Paste

Paper acidification causes paper relics to undergo embrittlement and decay, to form dregs, and even to break upon a single touch; therefore, reinforcement and deacidification treatments are essential steps for paper conservation and to retard the deterioration and prolong the life of objects. Polymeric adhesives play an essential role in reinforcement and deacidification treatments, although it is not well studied. In this work, the effect of polymeric adhesives on the conservation process and their protective effects on acidified paper relics were studied. Firstly, three polymeric adhesives, including wheat starch paste, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were selected as research objects. Subsequently, their effects on four popular conservation methods were further discussed, including traditional mounting, hot-melt with silk net, alcohol-soluble cotton mesh, and water-soluble cotton mesh. Additionally, as an example, the reversibility and long-term durability of water-soluble adhesive PVA-217 were assessed. Using a computer measured and controlled folding endurance tester, pendulum tensile strength tester, tear tester, burst tester, FT-IR, video optical contact angle tester, and other instruments, the conservation application of water-soluble adhesives in paper relics was evaluated. This study provides a scientific basis and experimental data for the application of polymeric adhesives in the conservation of paper relics.

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Long-Term Probiotic Application on Experimental Sepsis-Dependent Inflammation Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabiha AYDOGDU ◽  
◽  
Murat KARAMESE ◽  
Ulku ALTOPARLAK ◽  
Selina AKSAK KARAMESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Protective Effects

scholarly journals Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cigarette Use

Introduction: COVID-19 (or COVID) is a highly virulent viral disease which more frequently presents severe infection in specific populations, such as the elderly, patients with hypertension, patients with respiratory disease, and patients who smoke. The effects vaping (i.e., an electronic cigarette or JUUL device) has on COVID progression remains unclear, because there is an information paucity correlating e-cigarette use and COVID. This review sought to identify links between vape use and COVID severity via literature review. Additionally, because there is more widespread information about cigarette smoking than about vaping, this review sought to illustrate commonalities between smoking and vaping. If smoking and vaping are deemed near-identical practices, then it is possible the effects of smoking on human health and on COVID disease could be comparable in vaping. Methods: Several searches were performed on PubMed with MeSH headings and JSTOR between 17 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. Search results were excluded if they were not trials or controlled clinical trials, if the articles were not about COVID, if the articles were about smoking behaviors or habits, or if the articles were not related to vaping or smoking. Key findings were summarized and tabled based on relevance, substantiability, and applicability to COVID. Results: Multiple sources viewed smoking and vaping as equal risk factors for COVID disease, whereas other sources viewed the two as unique risk factors. Because of this controversy, it is challenging to view the two practices as similar enough to pose equivalent risks for COVID. Both practices pose significant health risks to its users, but these health risks are unique to each practice. Discussion: There are several limitations which exacerbate ambiguity—(1) it is unclear how harmful smoking is for COVID patients, because several publications found smoking may have protective effects; (2) few older patients vape, but yet most severe COVID cases occur in older populations; (3) older patients and impoverished patients show a statistically significant risk for severe COVID disease independent of other factors; (4) vaping is a relatively new practice, and there are few patients who self-report long-term e-cigarette use or long-term adverse effects as a result thereof. Conclusion: Although vaping may present serious health risks, clinically, it is uncertain how significantly vaping affects COVID disease, especially when compared against cigarette smoking. More research is needed on both the effects of vaping on COVID and the likeness of vaping versus smoking.

Maintenance Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-M)

2012 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Mark D Miller ◽  
Ellen Frank ◽  
Jessica C Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 19 covers maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-M), and that while effective psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic acute treatments for depression are well known, the problem of how to prevent relapse and recurrence has been a vexing one. It describes some of the studies designed to test the protective effects of maintenance pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy against relapse and recurrence, how with pharmacotherapy, judging long-term efficacy simply requires monitoring patients on a given dose of medication over time, but how psychotherapeutic interventions raise other issues. It covers IPT-M for late-life mood disorders, personality pathology, optimal frequency of IPT-M, research in this area, and a case example.

scholarly journals FOXO activity adaptation safeguards the hematopoietic stem cell compartment in hyperglycemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 5512-5526
Author(s):  
Vinothini Govindarajah ◽  
Jung-Mi Lee ◽  
Michael Solomon ◽  
Bryan Goddard ◽  
Ramesh Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Metabolic Stresses

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activity is tightly controlled to ensure the integrity of the hematopoietic system during the organism’s lifetime. How the HSC compartment maintains its long-term fitness in conditions of chronic stresses associated with systemic metabolic disorders is poorly understood. In this study, we show that obesity functionally affects the long-term function of the most immature engrafting HSC subpopulation. We link this altered regenerative activity to the oxidative stress and the aberrant constitutive activation of the AKT signaling pathway that characterized the obese environment. In contrast, we found minor disruptions of the HSC function in obese mice at steady state, suggesting that active mechanisms could protect the HSC compartment from its disturbed environment. Consistent with this idea, we found that FOXO proteins in HSCs isolated from obese mice become insensitive to their normal upstream regulators such as AKT, even during intense oxidative stress. We established that hyperglycemia, a key condition associated with obesity, is directly responsible for the alteration of the AKT-FOXO axis in HSCs and their abnormal oxidative stress response. As a consequence, we observed that HSCs isolated from a hyperglycemic environment display enhanced resistance to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Altogether, these results indicate that chronic metabolic stresses associated with obesity and/or hyperglycemia affect the wiring of the HSCs and modify their oxidative stress response. These data suggest that the uncoupling of FOXO from its environmental regulators could be a key adaptive strategy that promotes the survival of the HSC compartment in obesity.

Potentiation by candesartan of protective effects of pioglitazone against type 2 diabetic cardiovascular and renal complications in obese mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Fukuda ◽  
Taishi Nakamura ◽  
Keiichiro Kataoka ◽  
Hisato Nako ◽  
Yoshiko Tokutomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Renal Complications ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Long-term health consequences of early-life exposure to substance abuse: an epigenetic perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Vaiserman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maternal Substance Abuse ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of the nutritional or other environmental stimuli during critical periods of development in the long-term programming of organ systems and homeostatic pathways of the organism. The adverse influences early in development and particularly during intrauterine life have been shown to programme the risks for adverse health outcomes in adult life. The mechanisms underlying developmental programming remain still unclear. However, increasing evidence has been accumulated indicating the important role of epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs in the developmental programming of late-onset pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2 diabetes. The maternal substance abuse during pregnancy, including smoking, drinking and psychoactive drug intake, is one of the important factors determining the process of developmental programming in modern human beings. The impact of prenatal drug/substance exposure on infant and early childhood development is currently in the main focus. The long-term programming effects of such exposures on aging and associated pathologies, however, have been reported only rarely. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of recent research findings which indicate that maternal substance abuse during pregnancy and/or neonatal period can programme not only a child's health status, but also can cause long-term or even life-long health outcomes via mechanisms of epigenetic memory.

scholarly journals Deletion of glycerol channel aquaporin-9 (Aqp9 ) impairs long-term blood glucose control in C57BL/6 leptin receptor-deficient (db/db ) obese mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. e12538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spegel ◽  
Aakash Chawade ◽  
Søren Nielsen ◽  
Per Kjellbom ◽  
Michael Rützler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Aquaporin 9
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