scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Long-Term Probiotic Application on Experimental Sepsis-Dependent Inflammation Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabiha AYDOGDU ◽  
◽  
Murat KARAMESE ◽  
Ulku ALTOPARLAK ◽  
Selina AKSAK KARAMESE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Protective Effects

scholarly journals The Protective Effects of Long-Term Probiotic Application on Experimental Sepsis-dependent Inflammation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Sabiha AYDOĞDU ◽  
Murat KARAMEŞE ◽  
Ülkü ALTOPARLAK ◽  
Selina AKSAK KARAMEŞE
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Sepsis ◽  
Protective Effects

Hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 4641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Abdel Moneim* ◽  
Sanaa M. Abd El-Twab ◽  
Mohamed B. Ashour ◽  
Ahmed I. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Experimental Type

The goal of diabetes treatment is primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms and secondary to prevent long-term diabetic complications resulting from hyperglycemia. Thus, our present investigation was designed to evaluate the hepato-renal protective effects of gallic acid and p-coumaric acid in nicotinamide/streptozotocin (NA/STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental type 2 diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (65 mg/kg b.wt.), after 15 min of i.p. injection of NA (120 mg/kg b.wt.). Gallic acid and p-coumaric acid were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 20, 40 mg/kg b.wt./day, respectively, for 6 weeks. Body weight, serum glucose, protein profile, liver function enzymes and kidney function indicators was assayed. Treatment with either gallic acid or p-coumaric acid significantly ameliorated the elevated levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and uric acid. Both compounds were also found to restore total protein, albumin, and globulin as well as body weight of diabetic rats to near normal values. It can conclude that both gallic acid and p-coumaric acid have potent hypoglycemic and hepato-renal protective effects in diabetic rats. Therefore, our results suggest promising hypoglycemic agents that can attenuate the progression of diabetic hepatopathy and nephropathy.

scholarly journals Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Production as a Possible Mechanism Underlying Caffeine's Protective Effect against Alzheimer's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wostyn ◽  
Debby Van Dam ◽  
Kurt Audenaert ◽  
Peter Paul De Deyn
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Csf Production

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia among older people, is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Despite major advances in understanding the molecular etiology of the disease, progress in the clinical treatment of AD patients has been extremely limited. Therefore, new and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Accumulating evidence from human and animal studies suggests that the long-term consumption of caffeine, the most commonly used psychoactive drug in the world, may be protective against AD. The mechanisms underlying the suggested beneficial effect of caffeine against AD remain to be elucidated. In recent studies, several potential neuroprotective effects of caffeine have been proposed. Interestingly, a recent study in rats showed that the long-term consumption of caffeine increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, associated with the increased expression of Na+-K+ATPase and increased cerebral blood flow. Compromised function of the choroid plexus and defective CSF production and turnover, with diminished clearance of Aβ, may be one mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of late-onset AD. If reduced CSF turnover is a risk factor for AD, then therapeutic strategies to improve CSF flow are reasonable. In this paper, we hypothesize that long-term caffeine consumption could exert protective effects against AD at least in part by facilitating CSF production, turnover, and clearance. Further, we propose a preclinical experimental design allowing evaluation of this hypothesis.

scholarly journals An Essential Role of Polymeric Adhesives in the Reinforcement of Acidified Paper Relics

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Huiping Xing ◽  
Yajun Zhou ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Starch Paste

Paper acidification causes paper relics to undergo embrittlement and decay, to form dregs, and even to break upon a single touch; therefore, reinforcement and deacidification treatments are essential steps for paper conservation and to retard the deterioration and prolong the life of objects. Polymeric adhesives play an essential role in reinforcement and deacidification treatments, although it is not well studied. In this work, the effect of polymeric adhesives on the conservation process and their protective effects on acidified paper relics were studied. Firstly, three polymeric adhesives, including wheat starch paste, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were selected as research objects. Subsequently, their effects on four popular conservation methods were further discussed, including traditional mounting, hot-melt with silk net, alcohol-soluble cotton mesh, and water-soluble cotton mesh. Additionally, as an example, the reversibility and long-term durability of water-soluble adhesive PVA-217 were assessed. Using a computer measured and controlled folding endurance tester, pendulum tensile strength tester, tear tester, burst tester, FT-IR, video optical contact angle tester, and other instruments, the conservation application of water-soluble adhesives in paper relics was evaluated. This study provides a scientific basis and experimental data for the application of polymeric adhesives in the conservation of paper relics.

scholarly journals Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cigarette Use

Introduction: COVID-19 (or COVID) is a highly virulent viral disease which more frequently presents severe infection in specific populations, such as the elderly, patients with hypertension, patients with respiratory disease, and patients who smoke. The effects vaping (i.e., an electronic cigarette or JUUL device) has on COVID progression remains unclear, because there is an information paucity correlating e-cigarette use and COVID. This review sought to identify links between vape use and COVID severity via literature review. Additionally, because there is more widespread information about cigarette smoking than about vaping, this review sought to illustrate commonalities between smoking and vaping. If smoking and vaping are deemed near-identical practices, then it is possible the effects of smoking on human health and on COVID disease could be comparable in vaping. Methods: Several searches were performed on PubMed with MeSH headings and JSTOR between 17 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. Search results were excluded if they were not trials or controlled clinical trials, if the articles were not about COVID, if the articles were about smoking behaviors or habits, or if the articles were not related to vaping or smoking. Key findings were summarized and tabled based on relevance, substantiability, and applicability to COVID. Results: Multiple sources viewed smoking and vaping as equal risk factors for COVID disease, whereas other sources viewed the two as unique risk factors. Because of this controversy, it is challenging to view the two practices as similar enough to pose equivalent risks for COVID. Both practices pose significant health risks to its users, but these health risks are unique to each practice. Discussion: There are several limitations which exacerbate ambiguity—(1) it is unclear how harmful smoking is for COVID patients, because several publications found smoking may have protective effects; (2) few older patients vape, but yet most severe COVID cases occur in older populations; (3) older patients and impoverished patients show a statistically significant risk for severe COVID disease independent of other factors; (4) vaping is a relatively new practice, and there are few patients who self-report long-term e-cigarette use or long-term adverse effects as a result thereof. Conclusion: Although vaping may present serious health risks, clinically, it is uncertain how significantly vaping affects COVID disease, especially when compared against cigarette smoking. More research is needed on both the effects of vaping on COVID and the likeness of vaping versus smoking.

Maintenance Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT-M)

2012 ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Mark D Miller ◽  
Ellen Frank ◽  
Jessica C Levenson
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 19 covers maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-M), and that while effective psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic acute treatments for depression are well known, the problem of how to prevent relapse and recurrence has been a vexing one. It describes some of the studies designed to test the protective effects of maintenance pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy against relapse and recurrence, how with pharmacotherapy, judging long-term efficacy simply requires monitoring patients on a given dose of medication over time, but how psychotherapeutic interventions raise other issues. It covers IPT-M for late-life mood disorders, personality pathology, optimal frequency of IPT-M, research in this area, and a case example.

scholarly journals Therapeutic and Protective Effects of Liposomal Encapsulation of Astaxanthin in Mice with Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chiuan Wu ◽  
Han Hsiang Huang ◽  
Yi Jhen Wu ◽  
Ioannis Manousakas ◽  
Chin Chang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Repeated Consumption ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Poor Stability

Astaxanthin (Asta) has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and free radical-clearing activities. However, the poor stability and low water solubility of Asta hamper its bioavailability. The objectives of this study were to fabricate Asta-loaded liposomes (Asta-lipo) and investigate the therapeutic effects of Asta-lipo on alcoholic liver fibrosis in mice. The mice were administered with Asta-lipo or liposomes alone prior to a 3-week dose containing 30% alcohol with or without feeding with a second dose of 30% alcohol. The prepared Asta-lipo of 225.0 ± 58.3 nm in diameter, had an encapsulation efficiency of 98%. A slow release profile of 16.2% Asta from Asta-lipo was observed after a 24-h incubation. Restorative actions against alcoholic liver fibrosis were observed after oral administration of Asta-lipo for 4 weeks. Hepatic repair, followed by a second dose of 30% alcohol, suggested that Asta-lipo exerted protective and reparative effects against liver injuries induced by repeated consumption of alcohol. The changes of serum ALT and AST values were principally in consistence with the histopathologic findings. Asta-lipo exerted rapid and direct effects against repeated alcohol-induced liver disease, whereas Asta-lipo given orally could boost recovery from liver injuries obtained due to previous long-term alcohol use. These data demonstrate that Asta-lipo has applicable protective and therapeutic potential to treat alcohol-induced liver diseases.

scholarly journals Laquinimod Supports Remyelination in Non-Supportive Environments

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Nyamoya ◽  
Julia Steinle ◽  
Uta Chrzanowski ◽  
Joel Kaye ◽  
Christoph Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Supportive Environments ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Active Multiple Sclerosis

Inflammatory demyelination, which is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis lesions, leads to acute functional deficits and, in the long term, to progressive axonal degeneration. While remyelination is believed to protect axons, the endogenous-regenerative processes are often incomplete or even completely fail in many multiple sclerosis patients. Although it is currently unknown why remyelination fails, recurrent demyelination of previously demyelinated white matter areas is one contributing factor. In this study, we investigated whether laquinimod, which has demonstrated protective effects in active multiple sclerosis patients, protects against recurrent demyelination. To address this, male mice were intoxicated with cuprizone for up to eight weeks and treated with either a vehicle solution or laquinimod at the beginning of week 5, where remyelination was ongoing. The brains were harvested and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. At the time-point of laquinimod treatment initiation, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells proliferated and maturated despite ongoing demyelination activity. In the following weeks, myelination recovered in the laquinimod- but not vehicle-treated mice, despite continued cuprizone intoxication. Myelin recovery was paralleled by less severe microgliosis and acute axonal injury. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that laquinimod, which has previously been shown to protect against cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte degeneration, exerts protective effects during oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation as well. By this mechanism, laquinimod allows remyelination in non-supportive environments. These results should encourage further clinical studies in progressive multiple sclerosis patients.

The overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in frail older people

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
Hannah Syed
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Older People ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Frail Older People ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control

Intensive treatment with insulin and sulfonylureas in older people with low HbA1c (<53mmol/mol) can increase the risk of hypoglycaemia, morbidity and mortality. Older people, particularly those with frailty and/or comorbidities are less likely to benefit from the long-term protective effects of good glycaemic control and are often at risk of inappropriate polypharmacy. A person-centred holistic approach to diabetes management must be adapted for older people living with diabetes.

scholarly journals Early PQQ supplementation has persistent long‐term protective effects on developmental programming of hepatic lipotoxicity and inflammation in obese mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Jonscher ◽  
Michael S. Stewart ◽  
Alba Alfonso‐Garcia ◽  
Brian C. DeFelice ◽  
Xiaoxin X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Hepatic Lipotoxicity
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