scholarly journals Breeding for Highly Fertile Isolates of Nectria haematococca MPVI that are Highly Virulent on Pea and In Planta Selection for Virulent Recombinants

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna L. Funnell ◽  
Patty S. Matthews ◽  
Hans D. VanEtten
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Nectria Haematococca ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Highly Virulent

The heterothallic ascomycete Nectria haematococca mating population VI (anamorph Fusarium solani) is a broad host range pathogen. Field isolates of this fungus that are pathogenic on pea tend to be female sterile, of low fertility, and the same mating type (MAT-1), whereas female fertile isolates of either mating type that are highly fertile tend to be nonpathogenic on this plant. To facilitate genetic analysis of traits that may be important in the ability of N. haematococca to parasitize peas, a breeding project was undertaken to produce hermaphroditic isolates of each mating type that are highly fertile and highly virulent on peas. Although the association of high virulence on peas with female sterility and the MAT-1 mating type was not completely broken, isolates with high fertility and high virulence on peas were bred within two generations. Highly virulent progeny were also isolated by an alternative method in which pea plants were inoculated with a mixture of ascospores from a cross between two moderately virulent parents. Whereas all ascospores isolated without selection in planta had lower virulence than the parents, many isolates recovered from diseased tissue were more virulent than the parental isolates. Some of the recovered isolates were shown by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to be genetic recombinants of the parents, demonstrating that the pea tissue selected virulent recombinants. All highly virulent isolates tested had the ability to detoxify the pea phytoalexin pisatin, again showing a link between this trait and pathogenicity on the pea.

ON-FARM FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS FOR NORTHLAND

1986 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
J.S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
On Farm

Agroforests and woodlots offer Northland hill country farmers investment and diversification opportunities. Agroforests have less effect on the "whole farm" financial position than woodlots, especially where a progressive planting regime is adopted and where no further borrowing is required. Establishment and tending costs for agro-forests are lower, and returns come much sooner. The proven opportunity for continued grazing under trees established in this manner, apart from a short post-planting period, further enhances the agroforesty option. Even where there is reluctance on a farmer's part to plant trees on high fertility land, the expected financial returns from agroforests on low and medium fertility land will increase the overall long-term profitability and flexibility of the whole farming operation. Woodlots may be more appropriate on low fertility areas where weed reversion is likely. Joint ventures may be worth considering where farm finances are a limited factor. Keywords: On-farm forestry development, Northland hill country, agroforestry, woodlots, diversification, joint ventures, progressive planting regimes, grazing availability.

Comparing infertility-related stress in high fertility and low fertility countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 100653
Author(s):  
Emily A. Groene ◽  
Cyrialis Mutabuzi ◽  
Dickson Chinunje ◽  
Ester Matson Shango ◽  
Shalini Kulasingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Related Stress

scholarly journals Sexually Fertile Magnaporthe grisea Rice Pathogens in Thailand

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonsak Mekwatanakarn ◽  
Wichai Kositratana ◽  
Tawatchai Phromraksa ◽  
R. S. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Rice Pathogens ◽  
Central Thailand

Sexual fertility and mating type distribution of Magnaporthe grisea field isolates collected in Thailand were analyzed from sites previously found to harbor diverse populations of the pathogen. Three hundred forty-one single conidium isolates of M. grisea collected from five sites in north, northeast, and central Thailand were evaluated for in vitro sexual fertility and mating type by pairing with strains of known mating type. Most isolates (67%) were infertile when crossed with the hermaphrodite tester strains; but fertile isolates of each mating type that yielded viable ascospores were detected in all sites from the northeastern and northern regions. MAT1-2 predominated over MAT1-1 in bioassay mating type. Male fertility (female sterility) predominated in fertile MAT1-1 (50 to 75%) and MAT1-2 (50 to 85%) isolates from all locations in Thailand; however, hermaphroditic and/or female fertile isolates were also detected in all but one site. Fertility, as determined by perithecia density, was low (<10 perithecia cm-2) for most isolates, although a few produced in excess of 20 perithecia cm-2.

scholarly journals SUATU PENDEKATAN ANALISIS MULTIVARIAT TENTANG TINGKAT KELAHIRAN PADA BEBERAPA KELOMPOK DAN ETNIS WANITA PERNAH KAWIN DI IRIAN JAYA

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter J. Soumokil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Lower Fertility

It has been argued by many demographers that socio economic development with its associated fundamental changes in the role of women and the value of children is the dominant factor in the transition from high to low fertility. Research in less developed countries has found lower fertility levels in urban population compared to rural population. It was therefore assumed that the modernizing role of urbanlife helped bring about a decline infertility levels.This study in Irian Jaya, however, convincingly shows that fertility of urban women in Irian Jaya is higher than that of rural women. This differential infertility in favour of urban women in Irian Jaya appears to be real and not a result of underreporting of total live births in rural areas.The reasons for lower fertility in the rural areas in IrianJaya remain unknown, and more research is therefore needed. However, this study strongly suggests that the traditional system of swidden agricultyure in Irian Jaya, which places a highvalue on the labour input of women, may play a major role in constraining fertility in rural area of this province. On the other hand, high fertility in urban areas takes place because urbanwomen have their first birth earlier thanwomen inthe rural areas.

NEW DUPLICATION-GENERATING INVERSIONS IN NEUROSPORA

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Turner ◽  
Cecile W. Taylor ◽  
David D. Perkins ◽  
Dorothy Newmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Complementary Product ◽  
Single Crossing ◽  
Group I ◽  
Distinctive Morphology ◽  
Phenotype Characteristic ◽  
Break Points

Inversion In(ILR)NM176 has one break point at the extreme right end of linkage group I and the other distal to mating type in the left arm. In crosses of Inversion × Normal the products of single crossing over within the inversion are complementary duplication-deficiency classes. One crossover product is viable, with a large segment of IL duplicated and the dispensable right tip presumably deficient. This class has low fertility and distinctive morphology. The complementary product has a large deficiency which results in a pair of white, inviable ascospores. Single exchanges within the heterozygous inversion thus produce asci with 6 Black: 2 White spores; four-strand double exchanges produce 4 B:4 W; and non-exchanges produce asci with 8 B:0 W. Approximate mapping of break points was accomplished by three-point crosses. Precise placement of the left break point between ser-3 and un(55701t), just left of mating type, is based on coverage of markers by the heterozygous duplication. No crossover has been obtained between mating type and the break point, despite extensive efforts. In(ILR)NM176 differs from the inversion In(ILR)H4250 described by Newmeyer and Taylor (1967) in one main respect: the mating type locus is included in the inverted segment of NM176. Consequently, when duplications are generated, the progeny are unisexual and do not have the unstable inhibited phenotype characteristic of H4250 duplication progeny, which are heterozygous for the mating type alleles A and a. Three other inversions which originated independently of In(ILR)NM176 resemble it closely and have similar or identical break points.

scholarly journals Changes in Bull Semen Metabolome in Relation to Cryopreservation and Fertility

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Valentina Longobardi ◽  
Michal A. Kosior ◽  
Nunzia Pagano ◽  
Gerardo Fatone ◽  
Alessia Staropoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Semen cryopreservation determines several sperm damages, including the loss of fertility-associated proteins. The purpose of the study was to compare the metabolite contents in bovine sperm and seminal plasma before and after cryopreservation, and between high- and low-fertility bulls in vitro. Forty-eight ejaculates, collected from eight bulls (six per bull), were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Cryopreservation resulted in an over-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine (0:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) in seminal plasma. In addition, higher levels of glycine betaine and pyro-l-glutaminyl-l-glutamine were observed in cryopreserved compared to fresh spermatozoa. The fresh seminal plasma of high-fertility bulls showed an over-expression of l-acetylcarnitine, glycerol tripropanoate, 2,3-diacetoxypropyl stearate and glycerophosphocholine, and an under-expression of lysophosphatidylcholine and butyrylcarnitine, compared to low-fertility bulls. Higher levels of glycerophosphocholine and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) were recorded in fresh spermatozoa from high-fertility bulls. In high-fertility bulls, a greater content of glycerophosphocholine and lower levels of butyrylcarnitine, glycine betaine and l-carnitine were found in cryopreserved seminal plasma, and lower levels of glycine betaine were detected in cryopreserved spermatozoa. In conclusion, cryopreservation affects bovine semen metabolome at both plasmatic and cellular compartments, and metabolic profile differs between high- and low-fertility bulls.

scholarly journals Novel Multiplex and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for Rapid Species and Mating-Type Identification of Oculimacula acuformis and O. yallundae (Causal Agents of Cereal Eyespot), and Application for Detection of Ascospore Dispersal and in planta Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. King ◽  
Gavin J. Eyres ◽  
Jon West ◽  
Clara Siraf ◽  
Pavel Matusinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Oculimacula Acuformis

Eyespot, caused by the related fungal pathogens Oculimacula acuformis (OA) and O. yallundae (OY), is an important cereal stem-base disease in temperate parts of the world. Both species are dispersed mainly by splash-dispersed conidia but are also known to undergo sexual reproduction yielding apothecia containing ascospores. Field diagnosis of eyespot can be challenging with other pathogens causing similar symptoms, which complicates eyespot management strategies. Differences between OA and OY (e.g. host pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity) require that both be targeted for effective disease management. Here, we develop and apply two molecular methods for species-specific and mating-type (MAT1-1 or MAT1-2) discrimination of OA and OY isolates. First, a multiplex PCR-based diagnostic assay targeting the MAT idiomorph region was developed allowing simultaneous determination of both species and mating type. This multiplex-PCR assay was successfully applied to type a global collection of isolates. Second, the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting beta-tubulin sequences is described, which allow fast (<9 min) species-specific discrimination of global OA and OY isolates. The LAMP assay can detect very small amounts of target DNA (1 pg) and was successfully applied in planta. In addition, mating-type specific LAMP assays were also developed for rapid (<12 min) genotyping of OA and OY isolates. Finally, the multiplex PCR-based diagnostic was applied, in conjunction with spore trapping in field experiments, to provide evidence of the wind dispersal of ascospores from a diseased crop. The results indicate an important role of the sexual cycle in the dispersal of eyespot.

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