scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Ophiosphaerella agrostis Strains Causing Dead Spot in Creeping Bentgrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kaminski ◽  
Peter H. Dernoeden ◽  
Sue Mischke ◽  
Nichole R. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Asexual State

Dead spot (Ophiosphaerella agrostis) is a relatively new disease of young creeping bentgrass and hybrid bermudagrass putting greens in the United States. Little is known about the biology or genetic diversity of the pathogen. O. agrostis is unusual in that it produces prodigious numbers of pseudothecia in the field throughout the summer months and has no known asexual state. A total of 77 O. agrostis isolates were collected from 21 different bentgrass putting greens and one hybrid bermudagrass green in 11 states. DNA fingerprint analysis revealed that 78 out of 97 markers were polymorphic (80.4%), providing 57 unique profiles. Genetic variation of O. agrostis was diverse, and isolates separated into three distinct clades with ≥69% similarity. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the geographic origins of the isolates and the ability to produce pseudothecia were the best indicators for genetic similarity among O. agrostis isolates. Colony color varied among the isolates, but generally was similar for isolates residing within two clades (B and C). Colony color of isolates within clade A appeared to be a mixture of the colony colors exhibited by clades B and C. Isolates examined within each clade generally had varying levels of pseudothecia production and varying colony colors when grown on PDA. Although O. agrostis is a homothallic species, it is unclear if outcrossing among strains occurs.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Isolates from Turfgrasses from Various Regions in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1269-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Viji ◽  
W. Uddin ◽  
N. R. O'Neill ◽  
S. Mischke ◽  
J. A. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Major Group ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Geographical Regions

Sixty-seven isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, causing dollar spot disease in creeping bentgrass, annual bluegrass, Bermudagrass, and perennial ryegrass turf, collected from 23 golf courses in various geographical regions of the United States and Canada between 1972 and 2001, were characterized by vegetative compatibility, genetic diversity, and pathogenicity. Eleven vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs A to K) were identified among the isolates tested in this study, and five of them (VCGs G to K) were new. VCG B was the most predominant group, typifying 33 isolates (51%) tested. S. homoeocarpa isolates collected from golf courses in Pennsylvania belonged to seven VCGs (A, B, E, F, G, I, and K), whereas three groups were observed in those collected from New York (B, E, and G) and New Jersey (E, H, and I). Two isolates, one each from Pennsylvania and Canada, were incompatible when paired with the tester isolates in all possible combinations, and did not fall into any known VCG. An isolate collected from Canada was compatible with tester isolates from two VCGs (C and D). Genetic analyses using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) showed the presence of two genetically distinct groups, designated as major group and the minor group. The major group included 36 isolates collected from various golf courses in the United States and Canada. Two isolates collected from bermudagrass in Florida formed a separate cluster, the minor group. Isolates that belonged to the major group were further divided into two subgroups (1 and 2). Subgroup 1 consisted of all the isolates that belonged to VCGs A, E, G, H, and I. Three of the four isolates that belonged to VCG K also were clustered with isolates of subgroup 1. Subgroup 2 consisted of all the isolates from VCG B, and one each from VCGs F and K. Pathogenicity assays on Penncross creeping bentgrass showed significant differences (P = 0.05) in virulence among the isolates. Overall, a relationship between virulence and VCGs was observed, in which certain virulence groups corresponded to specific VCGs; however, such a relationship was not observed between virulence and AFLPs. Close similarity among isolates of S. homoeocarpa collected from different locations in the United States and Canada suggests that isolates of the same genotype could be involved in outbreaks of dollar spot epidemics at multiple locations.

scholarly journals Root Weight, Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content, and Shoot Density of High-density Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sweeney ◽  
Karl Danneberger ◽  
Daijun Wang ◽  
Michael McBride
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Limited information is available on the performance under temperate conditions in the United States of recently released cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) with high shoot density for use on golf course putting greens. Fifteen cultivars were established in Aug. 1996 on a greens mix with high sand content to compare their seasonal weights and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) contents. The cultivars were maintained at 3.1 mm height of cut. Shoot density counts were taken during Apr., July, and Oct. 1998. Root weights and nonstructural carbohydrate levels were assessed monthly from June 1997 through Nov. 1998. A cultivar group contrast between the high shoot density cultivars (`Penn A1', `Penn A2', `Penn A4', `Penn G1', `Penn G2', and `Penn G6') and the standard cultivars (`Penncross', `Crenshaw', `Southshore', `DF-1', `Procup', `Lopez', `SR1020', and `Providence') revealed that the former averaged 342.9 and 216.1 more shoots/dm2 on two of the three sampling dates. Root dry weights did not vary significantly (P ≤ 0.05) among the cultivars. Performing a contrast between new high shoot density cultivars and standard cultivars revealed greater root dry weight in the former during Mar. and May 1998. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in TNC were observed on two of the 18 sampling dates, but no trends were evident.

scholarly journals Dollar Spot Suppression on Creeping Bentgrass in Response to Repeated Foliar Nitrogen Applications

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PDIS-05-20-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Townsend ◽  
Michael D. Millican ◽  
Damon Smith ◽  
Ed Nangle ◽  
Kurt Hockemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
The Impact

Dollar spot is caused by the fungus Clarireedia spp. and is the most economically important disease of golf course turfgrass in temperate regions of the United States. Previous research has demonstrated that nitrogen (N) fertilization may reduce dollar spot severity, but the results have been inconsistent, and the impact of N as part of repeated foliar fertilization applications to golf course putting greens remains unclear. Two independent trials were replicated in Madison, Wisconsin and Glenview, Illinois in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons. The objective of the first trial was to evaluate the effect of four different N rates applied as urea (4.9, 9.8, 19.4, and 29.3 kg N/ha applied every 2 weeks) on dollar spot severity, and the objective of the second trial was to evaluate the effect of three N sources (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate applied every 2 weeks) on dollar spot severity. Results from the N rate trial at both locations indicated that only the highest (29.3 kg N/ha) rate consistently reduced dollar spot severity relative to the nontreated control. Nitrogen source had minimal and inconsistent impacts on dollar spot severity based on location and year. Although these results show that meaningful reductions in dollar spot severity can be achieved by manipulating N fertilizer application rates, the rate of N needed for disease suppression may be impractical for most superintendents to apply and result in undesirable nontarget impacts.

Genetic diversity of sorghum accessions resistant to greenbugs as assessed with AFLP markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Q Wu ◽  
Yinghua Huang ◽  
C G Tauer ◽  
David R Porter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
High Level

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is the fifth most important cereal crop grown worldwide and the fourth in the United States. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major insect pest of sorghum with several biotypes reported to date. Greenbug biotype I is currently the most prevalent and most virulent on sorghum plants. Breeding for resistance is an effective way to control greenbug damage. A successful breeding program relies in part upon a clear understanding of breeding materials. However, the genetic diversity and relatedness among the greenbug biotype I resistant accessions collected from different geographic origins have not been well characterized, although a rich germplasm collection is available. In this study, 26 sorghum accessions from 12 countries were evaluated for both resistance to greenbug biotype I and genetic diversity using fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-six AFLP primer combinations produced 819 polymorphic fragments indicating a relatively high level of polymorphism among the accessions. Genetic similarity coefficients among the sorghum accessions ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Cluster analysis indicated that there were two major groups based on polymorphic bands. This study has led to the identification of new genetic sources of sorghum with substantial genetic variation and distinct groupings of resistant accessions that have the potential for use in the development of durable greenbug resistant sorghum.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Schizaphis graminum, AFLP marker, genetic diversity.

Geographic Origins and Genetic Diversity of Air-Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in Florida

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Croxton ◽  
Michael A. Andreu ◽  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
William A. Overholt ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Geographic Origins

AbstractIn Florida, air-potato is an invasive weed with high management priority, which may soon be targeted using classical biological control. This yam was introduced during the early 20th century by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from areas throughout its extensive range. Our objectives were to characterize the genetic diversity of the invasive population in Florida and to identify the source regions of introduction. Authorities have often asserted the African provenance of the species in Florida, but our analyses, conducted using chloroplast markers, indicate that Florida air-potato is more similar to specimens examined from China than to those from Africa. Low intraspecific genetic diversity in Florida indicates that the invasive population was the result of at least two introductions becoming established in Florida.

scholarly journals Identification of Some Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars in Saudi Arabia Using RAPD Fingerprints

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. AI-Moshileh ◽  
M.I. Motawei ◽  
A. AI-Wasel ◽  
T. Abdel-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Rapd Fingerprints ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison

The suitability of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints as genetic markers in date palms was tested. Five date palm cultivars (Barbi, Nabtet Ali. Rothanah, Ajwa, and Sokkari) from Saudi well- known dates were subject to DNA fingerprint analysis. From 20 primers tested, only 12 were selected as reproducible, giving 64 bands. The RAPD profiles obtained were successfully used to differentiate the genotypes. Based on the pair-wise comparison of amplification products, the genetic similarity was estimated. The five date palm cultivars showed variation at the DNA level. The genetic similarity among all date palm cultivars ranged from 70 to 85%. Sokkary was quite distant from Haiti and Ajwa cultivats. A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA analysis. On the basis of this analysis, the populations were clustered into two clusters: cluster l contained Barhi and Ajwa cultivars, and cluster II contained Nabtet Ali, Rothanah and Sokkari cultivars. Therefore, the polymorphism detected and its reproducibility suggest that RAPD markers are reliable for identification of Saudi date palm cultivars.  

scholarly journals First Report of Waitea circinata var. circinata Causing Brown Ring Patch on Poa trivialis in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1687-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Chen ◽  
G. W. Douhan ◽  
F. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Waitea Circinata

Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) is a C3 (cool-season) turfgrass used on golf course putting greens. It is often used to overseed C4 (warm-season) turf for fall through early-summer use. In March 2007, at maximium daytime air temperatures of approximately 30 to 35°C, irregular, thin, yellow rings approximately 10 to 20 cm in diameter were reported on P. trivialis in putting greens from two golf courses in the Coachella Valley of southern California. Affected plants had a blight of the leaves and stems and a rot of the crown, with initial symptoms being a yellowing of the tissue followed by the development of a dark, water-soaked appearance of the whole plant. Plants turned reddish brown as the water-soaked tissue dessicated. A Rhizoctonia-like fungus was found to be colonizing the leaves, stems, and upper roots and thatch. Three isolates were obtained from the diseased turf samples. All were identified as Waitea circinata var. circinata based on colony morphology (2) and rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences (1). The sequences of the three isolates were more than 99% similar to those of W. circinata var. circinata deposited in the NCBI database (1,2). To confirm pathogenicity, each isolate was inoculated onto 4-week-old P. trivialis (2 mg of seed per cm2) grown in 10-cm-diameter pots containing steam-sterilized UC-mix at 28°C. Five 8-mm-diameter plugs of each isolate were taken from 7-day-old cultures grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and placed in direct contact with the bases of the stems. The pots were then incubated in a moist chamber at 28°C. Five noncolonized PDA plugs were used as a negative control. Three pots were used for each of the three isolates and the check treatment. For all isolates, chlorosis of leaf and stems were observed 5 days after inoculation and the tissue appeared water soaked after 7 days with the production of abundant aerial mycelia being observed. All plants, except the negative controls, died after 10 days. W. circinata var. circinata was reisolated from symptomatic tissue from the inoculated plants. W. circinata var. circinata was previously reported as the causal agent of brown ring patch on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in Japan (2) and as a pathogen of annual bluegrass (P. annua) in the United States (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of W. circinata var. circinata infecting P. trivialis in California. References: (1) K. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (2) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization, and Distribution of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae Associated with Creeping Bentgrass Etiolation and Decline

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1736-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Giordano ◽  
Arielle M. Chaves ◽  
Nathaniel A. Mitkowski ◽  
Joseph M. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Significant Disease

Bacterial etiolation and decline caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae is an emerging disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) in and around the transition zone, a unique area of turfgrass culture between cool and warm regions of the United States. It is suspected that the disease has been present for many years, although diagnosis of the first occurrence was not reported until 2010. Solicitation of samples from golf courses in 2010 and 2011 was undertaken to investigate the prevalence and dissemination of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae on creeping bentgrass. At least 21 isolates from 13 states associated with these outbreaks on golf courses were confirmed as A. avenae subsp. avenae by pathogenicity assays and 16S rDNA sequence analysis at two independent locations. Pathogenicity testing of bacterial isolates from creeping bentgrass samples exhibiting heavy bacterial streaming confirmed A. avenae subsp. avenae as the only bacterium to cause significant disease symptoms and turfgrass decline. Host range inoculations revealed isolates of A. avenae subsp. avenae to be pathogenic on all Agrostis stolonifera cultivars tested, with slight but significant differences in disease severity on particular cultivars. Other turfgrass hosts tested were only mildly susceptible to Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae infection. This study initiated research on A. avenae subsp. avenae pathogenicity causing a previously uncharacterized disease of creeping bentgrass putting greens in the United States.

scholarly journals Regional Population Diversity of Pyricularia grisea in Arkansas and the Influence of Host Selection

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Q. Xia ◽  
J. C. Correll ◽  
F. N. Lee ◽  
W. J. Ross ◽  
D. D. Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Regional Population

MGR586 DNA fingerprinting has been widely used to characterize population diversity of the rice blast pathogen, Pyricularia grisea. However, the frequency and distribution of particular haplotypes (individuals) within MGR-delimited lineages has not been examined in the United States. MGR586 DNA fingerprinting, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs), and virulence phenotyping were used to examine genetic diversity of P. grisea in Arkansas. A total of 470 monoconidial isolates were recovered from eight rice cultivars in 18 commercial fields in nine counties in Arkansas. All isolates were examined for nuclear DNA RFLPs with the MGR586 DNA fingerprint probe, and both the MGR lineage (isolates with >80% similarity) and the haplotype frequencies were determined. Four distinct MGR586 DNA fingerprint lineages (designated A, B, C, and D) were identified among the 470 field isolates. All four lineages were found in 9 of the 18 locations. Three lineages were found in four locations, two lineages in three locations, and only a single lineage was found at two locations. In all, 10, 19, 16, and 13 haplotypes (isolates which had MGR586 DNA fingerprints which differed by 1 to 20%) were identified within lineages A, B, C, and D, respectively, among the 470 isolates examined. Within each lineage, a single haplotype (clone) predominated, representing 51 to 71% of the isolates collected for each of the four lineages. Overall, 60% of the 470 isolates belonged to one of only four haplotypes (A1, B1, C1, and D1) and these four predominant haplotypes were recovered from between 7 and 14 of the 18 locations sampled, indicating a widespread distribution of these four clones. These data indicate an exceptionally low level of genetic diversity in the regional rice blast pathogen population in Arkansas relative to several other populations of P. grisea examined from tropical environments. In addition, no mtDNA RFLPs were detected among representative haplotypes within each of the lineages, indicating a single mtDNA haplotype was present in the population. Examination of virulence indicated that two races predominated in the regional collection. All 30 isolates in lineages A and C tested had an IB-49 virulence phenotype. Out of 30 isolates in lineages B and D, 29 had an IC-17 virulence phenotype. One isolate in lineage B, isolated from a highly susceptible cultivar (L201), had an IG-1 virulence phenotype. The frequencies of the four lineages varied among the locations sampled and may have been due, in part, to the cultivar from which isolates were recovered. A single lineage was recovered from two cultivars, Mars and Millie. Although only a single field of each of these cultivars was sampled, the data indicate that certain cultivars grown in Arkansas may serve as a “bottleneck”, selecting out specific lineages in the regional population. To test this hypothesis, an additional 283 isolates were recovered from replicated plots of cvs. M204 and Mars located within commercial rice fields at two locations during two seasons. All four MGR586 lineages were recovered from each location. However, there was a strong bias for lineage B on cv. M204 (79% of all isolates) and a strong bias for lineage A on cv. Mars (95% of all isolates), indicating some cultivars were effective in excluding certain lineages.

scholarly journals A New Disease of Agrostis palustris Incited by an Undescribed Species of Ophiosphaerella

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Dernoeden ◽  
N. R. O'Neill ◽  
M. P. S. Câmara ◽  
Y. Feng
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Single Spore Isolate ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Colony Color

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris; syn. Agrostis stolonifera) is widely used on golf course putting greens. In September and October 1998, samples of diseased creeping bentgrass were received from golf courses in Maryland, Virginia, and Ohio. Disease symptoms developed in August or September 1998, and appeared initially as 1.0- to 2.0-cm-diameter, reddish brown spots that enlarged to about 8.0 cm in diameter. Leaves of plants in the center of diseased patches were tan and those on the periphery were reddish brown. Dark, ectotrophic hyphae were not observed on roots. Numerous pseudothecia were embedded in necrotic leaf and stolon tissues. A fungus was isolated from leaves, stems, and roots, and single-spore isolates were obtained from pseudothecia. Colonies of all isolates were identical in appearance and were initially rose-quartz to pinkish brown, developing a gray color as they aged. Inoculum was prepared by placing mycelium from a single-spore isolate on an autoclaved medium consisting of 50% tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) seed, and 50% wheat (Triticum aestivum) bran (vol/vol) and grown at 28°C for 8 days. Putter and Crenshaw creeping bentgrass seedlings were grown for 14 days in 12 cm2 pots containing an autoclaved topdressing mix with a mechanical analysis of 95% sand, 1% silt, and 4% clay. The inoculum (200 mg) was mixed into the upper 5 mm of the sandy soil. Pots were placed in plastic bags and incubated during the daytime on a windowsill bench (20 to 24°C), and were maintained at 25°C at night in a darkened growth chamber. After 7 days, 2.0-cm-diameter patches of blighted leaves were observed on both cultivars in nearly all pots, and pseudothecia were found on the inoculum or on blighted foliage in some pots after 20 days. Blighted leaves were covered with a pale pinkish white mycelium and newly infected leaves at the periphery of the dead spot were a pale reddish brown. Most plants were dead 20 days after inoculation. The fungus was reisolated from blighted leaves of both cultivars and all isolates produced colonies identical in appearance and growth rate to those produced by the single-spore isolate. Pseudothecia produced in vivo were sectioned with a freezing microtome and examined microscopically. Bitunicate asci were observed and contained light-brown, 6- to 15-septate, filiform ascospores that were usually spirally twisted in the ascus and measured 70 to 150 × 2.0 to 2.5 μm. Characteristics of the pseudothecia and the ascospores fit those of the genus Ophiosphaerella Speg. (1). Based on morphometric studies of 12 collections from three different states, this fungus can be distinguished from O. graminicola by the lack of periphyses and fewer septa in ascospores (i.e., 12 to 20 septa in O. graminicola). It was distinguished from O. herpotricha by characteristics of the pseudothecia neck, ascospores, and colony color. Because of these differences, we suggest that this fungus represents a new species attacking creeping bentgrass, which will be described after further morphometric and molecular analyses. Reference: (1) J. Walker. Mycotaxon 11:1, 1980.

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