Genetic diversity of sorghum accessions resistant to greenbugs as assessed with AFLP markers

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Q Wu ◽  
Yinghua Huang ◽  
C G Tauer ◽  
David R Porter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
High Level

Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is the fifth most important cereal crop grown worldwide and the fourth in the United States. Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major insect pest of sorghum with several biotypes reported to date. Greenbug biotype I is currently the most prevalent and most virulent on sorghum plants. Breeding for resistance is an effective way to control greenbug damage. A successful breeding program relies in part upon a clear understanding of breeding materials. However, the genetic diversity and relatedness among the greenbug biotype I resistant accessions collected from different geographic origins have not been well characterized, although a rich germplasm collection is available. In this study, 26 sorghum accessions from 12 countries were evaluated for both resistance to greenbug biotype I and genetic diversity using fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Twenty-six AFLP primer combinations produced 819 polymorphic fragments indicating a relatively high level of polymorphism among the accessions. Genetic similarity coefficients among the sorghum accessions ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. Cluster analysis indicated that there were two major groups based on polymorphic bands. This study has led to the identification of new genetic sources of sorghum with substantial genetic variation and distinct groupings of resistant accessions that have the potential for use in the development of durable greenbug resistant sorghum.Key words: Sorghum bicolor, Schizaphis graminum, AFLP marker, genetic diversity.

Within-field spatial distribution of Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) larvae in Montana wheat fields

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Nansen ◽  
David K. Weaver ◽  
Sharlene E. Sing ◽  
Justin B. Runyon ◽  
Wendell L. Morrill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Cephus Cinctus ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, is a major insect pest in dryland wheat (Triticum L. spp.; Poaceae) fields in the northern Great Plains of the United States and in southern regions of the prairie provinces of Canada. Field infestations by this pest commonly show a distinct “edge effect”, with infestation levels highest at the field edge and declining inwards. In this study, we characterized the edge effect of C. cinctus infested wheat fields in Montana at four locations in two separate years. "Infestation level" refers to the average proportion of wheat stems infested with C. cinctus in samples collected in a given wheat field. The gradual decrease in C. cinctus infestation towards the centre of wheat fields is referred to as the “infestation slope”, and it was presented as a proportion of infestation level at field edges. We showed that (i) for most of the fields bordering grassland or fallow wheat, a simple exponential decline curve provided a significant fit to the infestation slope; (ii) the infestation slopes in different fields and in different directions within fields were similar and appeared to be independent of the overall infestation level; and (iii) the relationship between infestation level and the proportion of samples infested followed an asymptotic curve, which indicates a high level of dispersal of ovipositing C. cinctus females. The general perception has been that the edge effect of C. cinctus infestation is a result of ovipositing C. cinctus females being both weak flyers and short-lived, but our results do not fully corroborate this perception. Currently, the only reliable way to detect C. cinctus infestations is to dissect individual stems and look for developing instars. However, this type of sampling is extremely time consuming and labor intensive and therefore impractical for wheat growers. Increasing the understanding of the spatial patterns in C. cinctus infestations is a first step towards development of an optimal sampling plan for this important field pest. Thus, the results presented are relevant for researchers involved in sampling designs and integrated pest management procedures for field pests. We discuss behavioral and evolutionary factors that may contribute to the edge effect of C. cinctus infestations.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Among Ophiosphaerella agrostis Strains Causing Dead Spot in Creeping Bentgrass

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kaminski ◽  
Peter H. Dernoeden ◽  
Sue Mischke ◽  
Nichole R. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Asexual State

Dead spot (Ophiosphaerella agrostis) is a relatively new disease of young creeping bentgrass and hybrid bermudagrass putting greens in the United States. Little is known about the biology or genetic diversity of the pathogen. O. agrostis is unusual in that it produces prodigious numbers of pseudothecia in the field throughout the summer months and has no known asexual state. A total of 77 O. agrostis isolates were collected from 21 different bentgrass putting greens and one hybrid bermudagrass green in 11 states. DNA fingerprint analysis revealed that 78 out of 97 markers were polymorphic (80.4%), providing 57 unique profiles. Genetic variation of O. agrostis was diverse, and isolates separated into three distinct clades with ≥69% similarity. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that the geographic origins of the isolates and the ability to produce pseudothecia were the best indicators for genetic similarity among O. agrostis isolates. Colony color varied among the isolates, but generally was similar for isolates residing within two clades (B and C). Colony color of isolates within clade A appeared to be a mixture of the colony colors exhibited by clades B and C. Isolates examined within each clade generally had varying levels of pseudothecia production and varying colony colors when grown on PDA. Although O. agrostis is a homothallic species, it is unclear if outcrossing among strains occurs.

Genetic diversity in the USDA Limnanthes germplasm collection assessed by simple sequence repeats

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Donnelly ◽  
Maria M. Jenderek ◽  
James P. Prince ◽  
Patrick A. Reeves ◽  
Allan Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
Simple Sequence

The genus Limnanthes (Limnanthaceae), also known as meadowfoam, has attracted attention for industrial use due to the unique characteristics of its seed oil. Samples from wild populations showed variability in agronomically important traits involved in seed oil yield, warranting the establishment and continued development of a germplasm collection. The level of genetic diversity within the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System (USDA-ARS-NPGS) Limnanthes collection was evaluated using 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers across 62 accessions representing 7 species. Parsimony analysis separated the accessions into two main groups consistent with the traditional taxonomic sections Inflexae and Reflexae, but there was little resolution within groups. These two groups were confirmed using neighbour-joining analysis and principal coordinate analysis. SSR marker variation suggests that the Limnanthes germplasm collection is genetically diverse and the accessions within the species likely contain novel alleles, and therefore the collection contributes to the conservation of the wild Limnanthes gene pool.

Geographic Origins and Genetic Diversity of Air-Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) in Florida

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Croxton ◽  
Michael A. Andreu ◽  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
William A. Overholt ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Geographic Origins

AbstractIn Florida, air-potato is an invasive weed with high management priority, which may soon be targeted using classical biological control. This yam was introduced during the early 20th century by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from areas throughout its extensive range. Our objectives were to characterize the genetic diversity of the invasive population in Florida and to identify the source regions of introduction. Authorities have often asserted the African provenance of the species in Florida, but our analyses, conducted using chloroplast markers, indicate that Florida air-potato is more similar to specimens examined from China than to those from Africa. Low intraspecific genetic diversity in Florida indicates that the invasive population was the result of at least two introductions becoming established in Florida.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Peach (Prunus persica L. Batch) Revealed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers and Compared to Inbreeding Coefficients

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1012-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L. Warburton ◽  
Fredrick A. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

Previous studies of peach germplasm using pedigree information and isozyme polymorphism data have shown limited diversity in the U.S. gene pool. To further investigate the genetic diversity among peach cultivars grown in different regions of the United States, 94 RAPD markers were used to estimate the genetic distances among 136 cultivars. Of the 12 clusters formed in a dendrogram, the 90 U.S. cultivars and breeding lines and most of those from Europe and Latin America grouped to only three clusters, while the 23 peach entries from India, Pakistan, Russia, Okinawa, and China, as well as the almond cultivar used as an outgroup, were distributed among the other nine clusters. Therefore, the genetic diversity within temperate U.S. peach germplasm is quite limited, and to expand the variability, additional germplasm should be obtained, especially from Asia. Comparison of genetic similarity based on inbreeding coefficients with similarity coefficients based on the RAPD data produced a correlation of 0.395, which is comparable to values in similar investigations in other crops. Thus, similar conclusions can be drawn from these two sources of information. RAPD data are useful particularly when pedigree information is incomplete, there has been substantial selection within breeding populations, and a high proportion of alleles are identical in state but not by descent.

Analysis of genetic diversity in a sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) germplasm collection using DNA amplification fingerprinting

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 938-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohao He ◽  
C. S. Prakash ◽  
R. L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Taq Polymerase ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Vinyl Polymer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

A DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) approach was employed to develop individual-specific profiles and analyze genetic relationships among 73 plant introductions of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) including unadapted lines from around the world and a few selected U.S.A. cultivars. Reliable and informative fingerprint profiles were obtained employing single octamer primers and Stoffel fragment Taq polymerase in the polymerase chain reaction, polyacrylamide-based vinyl polymer for electrophoresis, and silver staining to visualize the DNA. Using seven highly informative octamer primers, individual-specific DAF profiles were obtained for all accessions tested. The degree of polymorphism in the sweetpotato collection was very large, indicating a high level of genetic variability. Several accessions clustered together based on their geographic source. Most U.S.A. cultivars formed a separate cluster in the phenogram, while accessions from Papua New Guinea exhibited the highest genetic diversity. The wild species I. triloba and tetraploid I. batatas formed a group distinct from the cultivated sweetpotato. DAF appears to be useful in sweetpotato germplasm characterization and may be employed to identify duplicate accessions or for creation of core subsets. DAF data may also be useful for facilitating the selection of parents for a breeding program to ensure a broad genetic base.Key words: DNA fingerprinting, DNA markers, germplasm, genetic diversity, RAPD markers.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes Using Rapd Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839
Author(s):  
Sumita Zinzala ◽  
Bharat K. Davda ◽  
K. G. Modha ◽  
Ritesh K. Patel ◽  
Vipul Baldaniya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Average Linkage ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Genetic diversity among 24 genotypes of sorghum was studied by using 20 random primers. The total number of amplified PCR bands was 591 of which 495 (83.75%) were polymorphic displaying PIC values ranging from 0.27 to 0.69 with an average of 0.52. Similarity coefficients among the genotypes were ranged from 0.33 to 0.89. The similarity coefficient was used to construct a UPGMA based dendrogram using average linkage between groups. The analysis illustrates considerable potential of RAPD markers for estimating genetic diversity among 24 genotypes of sorghum.

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Relationships Among Caladium Cultivars and Species Using Molecular Markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanao Deng ◽  
Fahrettin Goktepe ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh ◽  
Jinguo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Jaccard Similarity ◽  
Target Region ◽  
System A ◽  
High Level

Caladium (Caladium ×hortulanum Birdsey) is an important aroid widely used in the ornamental plant industry. Concerns have been raised about possible loss of genetic diversity due to a drastic decline in the number of cultivars in the last century. This study assessed genetic diversity and relationships among caladium cultivars and species accessions. Forty-five major cultivars and 14 species accessions were analyzed based on 297 DNA fragments produced by the target-region amplification polymorphism marker system. A low level of diversity (44.4% polymorphism) was exhibited in cultivars, while a high level of diversity (96.8% polymorphism) was present among seven accessions of Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent., Caladium marmoratum Mathieu, Caladium picturatum C. Koch, and Caladium schomburgkii Schott. A small percentage (7.6%) of DNA fragments was present in cultivars but absent in the seven species accessions, while a high percentage (32.2%) of DNA fragments was present in the seven species accessions but absent in cultivars. Cultivars shared a higher level of similarity at the molecular level with an average Jaccard coefficient at 0.802, formed a large group in cluster analysis, and concentrated in the scatter plot from a principal-coordinate analysis. Two accessions of C. bicolor and C. schomburgkii were very similar to cultivars with Jaccard similarity coefficients from 0.531 to 0.771, while the rest of the species accessions had small similarity coefficients with cultivars (0.060 to 0.386). Caladium steudnirifolium Engler and Caladium lindenii (André) Madison were very dissimilar to C. bicolor, C. marmoratum, C. picturatum, and C. schomburgkii, with Jaccard similarity coefficients from 0.149 to 0.237 (C. steudnirifolium) and from 0.060 to 0.118 (C. lindenii). There is a limited amount of molecular diversity in caladium cultivars, but the great repertoire of unique genes in species accessions could be used to enhance the diversity in future cultivars and reduce potential genetic vulnerability.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Genus Mentha Collected From Azad Jammu And Kashmir, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fozia Abasi ◽  
Israr Ahmad ◽  
Sami Ullah khan ◽  
Khawaja Shafique Ahmad ◽  
Aneela Ulfat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTMints are perennial aromatic herbs used both for medicinal and aromatic purposes. Flora of Pakistan has reported six species of genus Mentha. Taxonomy of genus Mentha is more complex and confusing due to inter specific hybridization. The present research is the first documented report from Pakistan for the purpose to dissect Mentha specimens using molecular tools. A total of 17 SCoT and SSR markers used to dissect genetic diversity among 41 Mentha specimens. The results revealed substantial variation among Mentha specimens. The molecular data analyzed through NTSYS and Power marker software’s. Dendrogram constructed on the base of similarity coefficients generated using weighted pair group method of arithmetic means (UPGMA) recorded high level of polymorphism. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) for molecular markers recorded in the range of 5-8. Mean genetic distance (GD) was estimated in the range from 0.35% to 100%. The minimum and maximum GD recorded in one combination each as P2-P4 and M41-P10. The present study was explored the efficiency of SCoT and SSR markers for evaluating the genetic diversity of medicinal plants. The present research was concluded that both morphological and molecular dendrogram determined considerable level of diversity among Mentha species. Furthermore, specific primers and DNA chloroplast technology could be needed for further molecular analysis to refine the data more up to varietal level.

scholarly journals Assessment genetic diversity of einkorn genotypes (Triticum monococcum L.) by gliadin electrophoresis

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Gergana Nikolova DESHEVA ◽  
Bozhidar KYOSEV ◽  
Manol DESHEV
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Gliadin Patterns ◽  
High Level

<p>The genetic diversity of gliadins in twenty two einkorn accessions preserved under long-term seed storage condition in the National gene bank of Bulgaria were evaluated, using acid polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (Acid-PAGE). In total, 64 polymorphic bands and 22 gliadin patterns were identified. Thirty four different mobility bands and 21 gliadin patterns were identified in the ω-gliadin zone, 12 bands and 16 patterns were noted in the γ-gliadins, 17 patterns and 12 mobility bands were found for β-gliadins and six bands with five different α -gliadin patterns were determined. The genetic diversity index (H) was the highest for ω-gliadins (0.950), followed by β-gliadins (0.924) and γ- (0.914), respectively and the lowest value was detected in α-gliadin patterns (0.120). Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method and Nei and Li similarity coefficients classified all the genotypes into 3 main groups. No relationships between genetic diversity, geographic origin and the genotypes were observed. The results of cluster analysis justify the high level of genetic variation among investigated einkorn accessions.</p>

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