scholarly journals Reduced Expression of the Tomato Ethylene Receptor Gene LeETR4 Enhances the Hypersensitive Response to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Ciardi ◽  
Denise M. Tieman ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Harry J. Klee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Ethylene Receptor ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Pathogen Response

The hypersensitive response (HR) involves rapid death of cells at the site of pathogen infection and is thought to limit pathogen growth through the plant. Ethylene regulates senescence and developmental programmed cell death, but its role in hypersensitive cell death is less clear. Expression of two ethylene receptor genes, NR and LeETR4, is induced in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Mill) leaves during an HR to Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, with the greatest increase observed in LeETR4. LeETR4 antisense plants previously were shown to exhibit increased sensitivity to ethylene. These plants also exhibit greatly reduced induction of LeETR4 expression during infection and an accelerated HR at inoculum concentrations ranging from 105 to 107 CFU/ml. Increases in ethylene synthesis and pathogenesis-related gene expression are greater and more rapid in infected LeETR4 antisense plants, indicating an enhanced defense response. Populations of avirulent X. campestris pv. vesicatoria decrease more quickly and to a lower level in the transgenic plants, indicating a greater resistance to this pathogen. Because the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene alleviates the enhanced HR phenotype in LeETR4 antisense plants, these changes in pathogen response are a result of increased ethylene sensitivity.

scholarly journals Cloning and Characterization of an ETR1 Homologous Gene from Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. `White Sim') Petals

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 615a-615
Author(s):  
Sven Verlinden ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Ethylene Receptor ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Abundant Transcript

Ethylene plays a key regulatory role in carnation flower senescence. Flower senescence is associated with a significant increase in ethylene production. Continued perception of this ethylene by the flower is necessary to sustain the climacteric rise in ethylene and the expression of senescence related genes associated with senescence. In addition, increased sensitivity by the flower to ethylene during development and senescence has been observed. In order to study the perception of ethylene at the molecular level, an ethylene receptor gene was cloned from carnation petals. The clone, CARETR, shows 68% homology at the nucleic acid level with the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene, ETR1. Northern blot analysis revealed that CARETR is present as a low abundant transcript in petals, styles, and ovaries. Further analysis also showed that CARETR is upregulated during flower senescence. Treatment with the ethylene action inhibitor norbornadiene (NBD) resulted in decreased levels of CARETR transcripts. These data suggest that CARETR plays a role in the increased sensitivity of carnation flowers to ethylene during flower development and is involved in staging the rapid and orchestrated death of the flower.

Inhibition of Rust-induced Hypersensitive Response in Flax Cells by the Microtubule Inhibitor Oryzalin

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issei Kobayashi ◽  
Yuhko Kobayashi ◽  
Adrienne R. Hardham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Incompatible Interaction ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitor ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Interactions between the flax rust fungus Melampsora lini and flax Linum usitatissimum L. are governed by a gene-for-gene relationship which determines pathogen virulence or avirulence and host resistance or susceptibility. The present study demonstrates differential sensitivity of M. lini and flax to the microtubule depolymerising drug, oryzalin, such that microtubule depolymerisation in flax cells but not in fungal cells could be obtained. Normally, in an incompatible interaction, a rapid hypersensitive response about 24 h after inoculation inhibits fungal development and invasion. However, in an incompatible interaction in the presence of oryzalin, the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death was delayed and its frequency reduced. This allowed a normally avirulent race of M. lini to form haustoria in living host mesophyll cells at a rate and efficiency similar to that achieved by a virulent race in a compatible interaction during the first 36 h after inoculation. After that time, the incidence of hypersensitive cell death increased and further development of the pathogen was arrested. The results indicate that microtubules play a role in effecting rapid and efficient hypersensitive response in the race–cultivar specific interaction between flax and the flax rust fungus.

A novel patatin-like protein from cotton plant, GhPat1, is co-expressed with GhLox1 during Xanthomonas campestris-mediated hypersensitive cell death

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Cacas ◽  
Philippe Marmey ◽  
Jean-Luc Montillet ◽  
Majd Sayegh-Alhamdia ◽  
Aida Jalloul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death

Expression of the Hypersensitive Response-assisting Protein in Arabidopsis Results in Harpin-dependent Hypersensitive Cell Death in Response to Erwinia carotovora

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay-Kumar Pandey ◽  
Mang-Jye Ger ◽  
Hsiang-En Huang ◽  
Mei-Kuen Yip ◽  
Jiqing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death

scholarly journals Response to Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria in Tomato Involves Regulation of Ethylene Receptor Gene Expression

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Ciardi ◽  
Denise M. Tieman ◽  
Steven T. Lund ◽  
Jeffrey B. Jones ◽  
Robert E. Stall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Ethylene Receptor ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv.Vesicatoria ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

scholarly journals Nitric oxide Does Not Trigger Early Programmed Cell Death Events but May Contribute to Cell-to-Cell Signaling Governing Progression of the Arabidopsis Hypersensitive Response

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 962-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu Zhang ◽  
Kirk J. Czymmek ◽  
Allan D. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
No Production ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Kinetics Of

Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to play a role in the hypersensitive response (HR). Single- and double-label fluorescence microscopy experiments were conducted using Arabidopsis leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 carrying either avrB or avrRpt2. Kinetics of NO production were followed by measurement of green 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) triazole fluorescence in leaves coinfiltrated with DAF-FM diacetate. Kinetics of hypersensitive cell death were followed by measurement of cytoplasmic red fluorescence following internalization of coinfiltrated propidium iodide through compromised plasma membranes. Neither NO accumulation nor cell death was seen until approximately 3 h postinoculation of Columbia leaves with DC3000·avrB or approximately 5.5 h post-inoculation with DC3000·avrRpt2. Subsequent NO accumulation kinetics closely paralleled HR progression in both Columbia and ndr1-1 mutant plants. These data established that NO accumulation does not happen sufficiently early for NO to be a signaling component controlling HR triggering. NO accumulation did contribute to the HR, as proven by an approximately 1-h delay in cell death kinetics caused by an NO scavenger or an NO synthase inhibitor. NO was first seen as punctate foci at the cell surface. Subsequent NO accumulation patterns were consistent with NO being an intercellular signal that functions in cell-to-cell spread of the HR.

scholarly journals Microtubule Polymerization Functions in Hypersensitive Response and Accumulation of H2O2in Wheat Induced by the Stripe Rust

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xinjie Liu ◽  
Yuanliu Xu ◽  
Qing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitor ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Plant Cytoskeleton

The plant cytoskeleton, including microtubules and microfilaments, is one of the important factors in determining the polarity of cell division and growth, as well as the interaction of plants with invading pathogens. In defense responses of wheat against the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici) infection, hypersensitive response is the most crucial event to prevent the spread of pathogens. In order to reveal the effect of microtubules on the hypersensitive cell death and H2O2accumulation in the interaction of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Suwon 11 with an incompatible race, CYR23, wheat leaves were treated with microtubule inhibitor, oryzalin, before inoculation. The results showed that the frequency of infection sites with hypersensitive response occurrence was significantly reduced, and hypersensitive cell death in wheat leaves was suppressed compared to the control. In addition, the frequency and the incidence of infected cells with H2O2accumulation were also reduced after the treatment with oryzalin. Those results indicated that microtubules are related to hypersensitive response and H2O2accumulation in wheat induced by the stripe rust, and depolymerization of microtubules reduces the resistance of plants to pathogen infection in incompatible interaction, suggesting that microtubules play a potential role in the expression of resistance of wheat against the stripe rust fungus.

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