scholarly journals Improving turnaround time of molecular diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a hospital in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Rabaan ◽  
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background There have been 2562 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 27 countries, with a case fatality rate of 34.5%. Data on the turnaround time (TAT) are lacking. We report TAT for MERS-CoV samples over time. Methods This is a monocentric study and the TAT for the reporting of 2664 MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were calculated in hours from the time of the receipt of respiratory samples to the reporting of the results. Results The mean TAT±standard deviation was significantly lower in 2018 compared with previous years (19.25±13.8). The percentage of samples processed within 24 h increased from 42.3% to 73.8% in 2015 and 2018, respectively (p<0.0001). The mean TAT was 19.2 h in 2018 and was significantly lower than previous years. Conclusions The TAT for the MERS-CoV results decreased during the study period. Timely reporting of MERS-CoV PCR results may aid in further enhancing infection control measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

scholarly journals Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Nigeria, 2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel KW Chu ◽  
Jamiu O Oladipo ◽  
Ranawaka APM Perera ◽  
Sulaiman A Kuranga ◽  
Samuel MS Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Evidence of current and past Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in dromedary camels slaughtered at an abattoir in Kano, Nigeria in January 2015, was sought by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and serology. MERS-CoV RNA was detected in 14 (11%) of 132 nasal swabs and antibody in 126 (96%) of 131 serum samples. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that the viruses in Nigeria are genetically distinct from those reported in the Arabian peninsula.

scholarly journals Multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic assay is an effective method to detect carbapenemases without risk of OXA-48-like cross reactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kon ◽  
Shirin Abramov ◽  
Sammy Frenk ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Ohad Shalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of the main carbapenemases of interest in clinical microbiology laboratories.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Recovered from Hospital Environment in Jos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
GE Kim ◽  
MO Okolo ◽  
UC Essien ◽  
UE Umeh ◽  
CC Iheukwumere
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fusariums pecies are opportunistic fungi that play an important role in nosocomial infection. The reservoir of Fusarium species in the hospital is not well understood in our environment. Therefore, the present study sought to identify the reservoir of Fusarium species in hospital environment. Three hundred and sixty (360) samples were collected from the environment of two tertiary health care facilities A and B. The sample consists of water (120), soil (120) and plants (120) which were sourced from hospital environments. Cultures of these samples were performed and polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm Fusarium species. The most predominant specie was Fusarium oxysporum Hospital A:(57.3%) and Hospital B:(64.4%). Most of the Fusarium isolates (76.7%) were recovered from soil samples, followed by water (45.0%) and the least were from plants (30.8%). In conclusion the present study has demonstrated that hospital environment is a reservoir for Fusarium species. However, identification of such reservoir would further enhance effective infection control measures.

scholarly journals Prolonged (6-Month) Shedding of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus RNA in the Sputum of a Lymphoma Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pyoeng Gyun Choe ◽  
Wan Beom Park ◽  
Su-Jin Choi ◽  
Chang Kyung Kang ◽  
Yongil Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Lymphoma Patient ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Replication Competent Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract During the 2015 Korea Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak, a lymphoma patient developed MERS pneumonia. His pneumonia improved by 45 days after illness onset, but the polymerase chain reaction tests remained (+) for 6 months. However, replication-competent virus was detected by 60 days after illness onset.

Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak Due toSerratia marcescensin a Maternity Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Berthelot ◽  
Florence Grattard ◽  
Colette Amerger ◽  
Marie-Claude Frery ◽  
Frédéric Lucht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Delivery Rooms

AbstractObjectives:To investigate an outbreak ofSerratia marcescensin a maternity hospital (November 1994 to May 1995).Design:Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data and prospective study of systematic bacteriological samples from patients and environment, with genotyping of strains by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.Setting:A private maternity hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.Results:In the neonatal unit, 1 newborn developed a bacteremia, and 36 were colonized in stools with Smarcescens.As the colonization of some newborns was shown to occur only a few hours after delivery, the inquiry was extended to other maternity wards, where 8 babies and 4 mothers were found to be colonized. Environmental sampling led to the isolation of Smarcescensfrom a bottle of enteral feed additive in the neonatal unit and from the transducers of two internal tocographs in the delivery rooms. The genotyping of 27 strains showed two different profiles: a major epidemic profile shared by 22 strains (18 from babies of the neonatal unit, 2 from babies of other units, and 2 from breast milk) and another profile shared by 5 strains (2 from transducers of internal tocographs, 2 from babies, and 1 from a mother). The strain isolated from lipid enteral feeding was not available for typing. Although this source of contamination was removed soon from the neonatal unit, the outbreak stopped only when infection control measures were reinforced in the delivery rooms, including the nonreuse of internal tocographs.Conclusions:In delivery rooms, the quality of hygiene needs to be as high as in surgery rooms to prevent nosocomial colonization or infection of neonates at birth.

scholarly journals Detection of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Genome in an Air Sample Originating from a Camel Barn Owned by an Infected Patient

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam I. Azhar ◽  
Anwar M. Hashem ◽  
Sherif A. El-Kafrawy ◽  
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽  
Asad S. Aburizaiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Air Sample ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Animal Exposure ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel betacoronavirus that has been circulating in the Arabian Peninsula since 2012 and causing severe respiratory infections in humans. While bats were suggested to be involved in human MERS-CoV infections, a direct link between bats and MERS-CoV is uncertain. On the other hand, serological and virological data suggest dromedary camels as the potential animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV. Recently, we isolated MERS-CoV from a camel and its infected owner and provided evidence for the direct transmission of MERS-CoV from the infected camel to the patient. Here, we extend this work and show that identical MERS-CoV RNA fragments were detected in an air sample collected from the same barn that sheltered the infected camel in our previous study. These data indicate that the virus was circulating in this farm concurrently with its detection in the camel and in the patient, which warrants further investigations for the possible airborne transmission of MERS-CoV. IMPORTANCE This work clearly highlights the importance of continuous surveillance and infection control measures to control the global public threat of MERS-CoV. While current MERS-CoV transmission appears to be limited, we advise minimal contact with camels, especially for immunocompromised individuals, and the use of appropriate health, safety, and infection prevention and control measures when dealing with infected patients. Also, detailed clinical histories of any MERS-CoV cases with epidemiological and laboratory investigations carried out for any animal exposure must be considered to identify any animal source.

scholarly journals PNEUMONIA : EPIDEMIOLOGI, FAKTOR RISIKO PADA BALITA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
WURI RATNA HIDAYANI
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization

Kasus pneumonia misterius yang belum diketahui etiologinya dilaporkan pada akhir Desember 2019 di Tiongkok. Terjadi lonjakan kasus dalam waktu relative singkat pasien pneumonia berjumlah 44 pasien dan terus meningkat menjadi ribuan kasus. Kasus ini kemudian diidentifikasikan ke dalam kasus Novel Corona Virus Diseases 19 (COVID 19) (Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia, 2020). Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan bahwa hasil diagnosis tes Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) negative dengan tanda klinis infeksi COVID 19 di Kazakhstan dikelompokkan ke dalam perhitungan total COVID 19, pernyataan ini disiarkan sejak tanggal 1 Agustus 2020 dengan laporan adanya kasus pneumonia dengan gejala klinis COVID 19 sebanyak 13.121 kasus dengan kematian sebanyak 152 kematian sehingga Case Fatality Rate (CFR) sebesar 1,16% (Xinshua, 2020). Pada Tahun 2015 di dunia kasus pneumonia mencapai 920.000 jiwa setiap tahunnya dengan arti bahwa ada 2 balita meninggal setiap menitnya. Menurut WHO (2017) menyatakan bahwa terdapat 25.481 kematian karena pernafasan akut atau 17% dari seluruh kematian dunia dan Indonesia merupakan peringkat 7 dunia pada kasus pneumonia (Newswire, 2019).

scholarly journals Spread, Circulation, and Evolution of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Cotten ◽  
Simon J. Watson ◽  
Alimuddin I. Zumla ◽  
Hatem Q. Makhdoom ◽  
Anne L. Palser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Infection Control Measures

ABSTRACT The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first documented in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 2012 and, to date, has been identified in 180 cases with 43% mortality. In this study, we have determined the MERS-CoV evolutionary rate, documented genetic variants of the virus and their distribution throughout the Arabian peninsula, and identified the genome positions under positive selection, important features for monitoring adaptation of MERS-CoV to human transmission and for identifying the source of infections. Respiratory samples from confirmed KSA MERS cases from May to September 2013 were subjected to whole-genome deep sequencing, and 32 complete or partial sequences (20 were ≥99% complete, 7 were 50 to 94% complete, and 5 were 27 to 50% complete) were obtained, bringing the total available MERS-CoV genomic sequences to 65. An evolutionary rate of 1.12 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year (95% credible interval [95% CI], 8.76 × 10−4; 1.37 × 10−3) was estimated, bringing the time to most recent common ancestor to March 2012 (95% CI, December 2011; June 2012). Only one MERS-CoV codon, spike 1020, located in a domain required for cell entry, is under strong positive selection. Four KSA MERS-CoV phylogenetic clades were found, with 3 clades apparently no longer contributing to current cases. The size of the population infected with MERS-CoV showed a gradual increase to June 2013, followed by a decline, possibly due to increased surveillance and infection control measures combined with a basic reproduction number (R 0) for the virus that is less than 1. IMPORTANCE MERS-CoV adaptation toward higher rates of sustained human-to-human transmission appears not to have occurred yet. While MERS-CoV transmission currently appears weak, careful monitoring of changes in MERS-CoV genomes and of the MERS epidemic should be maintained. The observation of phylogenetically related MERS-CoV in geographically diverse locations must be taken into account in efforts to identify the animal source and transmission of the virus.

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