Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak Due toSerratia marcescensin a Maternity Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Berthelot ◽  
Florence Grattard ◽  
Colette Amerger ◽  
Marie-Claude Frery ◽  
Frédéric Lucht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Delivery Rooms

AbstractObjectives:To investigate an outbreak ofSerratia marcescensin a maternity hospital (November 1994 to May 1995).Design:Retrospective analysis of epidemiological data and prospective study of systematic bacteriological samples from patients and environment, with genotyping of strains by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.Setting:A private maternity hospital, Saint-Etienne, France.Results:In the neonatal unit, 1 newborn developed a bacteremia, and 36 were colonized in stools with Smarcescens.As the colonization of some newborns was shown to occur only a few hours after delivery, the inquiry was extended to other maternity wards, where 8 babies and 4 mothers were found to be colonized. Environmental sampling led to the isolation of Smarcescensfrom a bottle of enteral feed additive in the neonatal unit and from the transducers of two internal tocographs in the delivery rooms. The genotyping of 27 strains showed two different profiles: a major epidemic profile shared by 22 strains (18 from babies of the neonatal unit, 2 from babies of other units, and 2 from breast milk) and another profile shared by 5 strains (2 from transducers of internal tocographs, 2 from babies, and 1 from a mother). The strain isolated from lipid enteral feeding was not available for typing. Although this source of contamination was removed soon from the neonatal unit, the outbreak stopped only when infection control measures were reinforced in the delivery rooms, including the nonreuse of internal tocographs.Conclusions:In delivery rooms, the quality of hygiene needs to be as high as in surgery rooms to prevent nosocomial colonization or infection of neonates at birth.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Personnel at a Health Care System in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110110
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Aun Raza ◽  
Ayesha Iftikhar ◽  
Aamir Khan ◽  
Shahzaib Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Health care personnel (HCP) are at high risk for coronavirus disease-2019 acquisition. Serum antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) indicate past infection. Our institution offered SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing to HCP. We surveyed HCP with positive test results to explore past exposure to SARS-CoV-2, details of symptoms during the preceding 6 months, and a history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing. A total of 2162 HCP underwent antibody testing. Eight hundred fifty-seven (39.6%) employees tested positive and, of these, 820 (95.7%) participated in the survey. When adjusted for age, males had higher odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies compared with females (OR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.37-2.05; P = .00) and clinical staff had higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity compared with nonclinical staff (OR = 1.273; 95% CI = 1.06-1.53; P = .01). Implementation of effective infection control measures is essential to protect HCP from coronavirus disease-2019.

scholarly journals Multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic assay is an effective method to detect carbapenemases without risk of OXA-48-like cross reactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kon ◽  
Shirin Abramov ◽  
Sammy Frenk ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Ohad Shalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of the main carbapenemases of interest in clinical microbiology laboratories.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Fusarium Species Recovered from Hospital Environment in Jos, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
GE Kim ◽  
MO Okolo ◽  
UC Essien ◽  
UE Umeh ◽  
CC Iheukwumere
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Fusariums pecies are opportunistic fungi that play an important role in nosocomial infection. The reservoir of Fusarium species in the hospital is not well understood in our environment. Therefore, the present study sought to identify the reservoir of Fusarium species in hospital environment. Three hundred and sixty (360) samples were collected from the environment of two tertiary health care facilities A and B. The sample consists of water (120), soil (120) and plants (120) which were sourced from hospital environments. Cultures of these samples were performed and polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm Fusarium species. The most predominant specie was Fusarium oxysporum Hospital A:(57.3%) and Hospital B:(64.4%). Most of the Fusarium isolates (76.7%) were recovered from soil samples, followed by water (45.0%) and the least were from plants (30.8%). In conclusion the present study has demonstrated that hospital environment is a reservoir for Fusarium species. However, identification of such reservoir would further enhance effective infection control measures.

scholarly journals Improving turnaround time of molecular diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a hospital in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A Rabaan ◽  
Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background There have been 2562 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 27 countries, with a case fatality rate of 34.5%. Data on the turnaround time (TAT) are lacking. We report TAT for MERS-CoV samples over time. Methods This is a monocentric study and the TAT for the reporting of 2664 MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were calculated in hours from the time of the receipt of respiratory samples to the reporting of the results. Results The mean TAT±standard deviation was significantly lower in 2018 compared with previous years (19.25±13.8). The percentage of samples processed within 24 h increased from 42.3% to 73.8% in 2015 and 2018, respectively (p<0.0001). The mean TAT was 19.2 h in 2018 and was significantly lower than previous years. Conclusions The TAT for the MERS-CoV results decreased during the study period. Timely reporting of MERS-CoV PCR results may aid in further enhancing infection control measures.

scholarly journals Multiplex Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Is an Effective Method to Detect Carbapenemases Without Risk of OXA-48-like Cross Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadas Kon ◽  
Shirin Abramov ◽  
Sammy Frenk ◽  
David Schwartz ◽  
Ohad Shalom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background: It is essential to detect carriers of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in order to implement infection control measures. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the NG-Test® CARBA 5 (CARBA 5) assay for detection of five carbapenemases and to assess the cross reactivity of other OXA-type carbapenemases with the OXA-48-like specific antibodies. Methods: A total of 197 Enterobacterales isolates were tested. To evaluate the cross reactivity, 73 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, harboring OXA-type variants, were tested. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) served as gold standard for carbapenemase identification. Results: Excellent agreement was found between PCR and CARBA 5, for all but one isolate. The single false positive result (a blaSME positive S. marcescens isolate) was incorrectly positive for blaOXA-48 by CARBA 5. No cross reactivity was observed. The sensitivity and specificity were 100.0% and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The CARBA 5 assay is highly sensitive and specific and is recommended as a tool for the detection of five carbapenemases.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR INHIBITOR FREE NUCLEIC ACIDS FROM POLYPHENOL RICH LEAVES OF MUSA SPP

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.NANDHA KUMAR ◽  
K. SOURIANATHA SUNDARAM ◽  
D. SUDHAKAR ◽  
K.K. KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Excessive presence of polysaccharides, polyphenol and secondary metabolites in banana plant affects the quality of DNA and it leads to difficult in isolating good quality of DNA. An optimized modified CTAB protocol for the isolation of high quality and quantity of DNA obtained from banana leaf tissues has been developed. In this protocol a slight increased salt (NaCl) concentration (2.0M) was used in the extraction buffer. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Octanol were used for the removal of polyphenols and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors. Proteins like various enzymes were degraded by Proteinase K and removed by centrifugation from plant extract during the isolation process resulting in pure genomic DNA, ready to use in downstream applications including PCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), ligation, restriction and sequencing. This protocol yielded a high molecular weight DNA isolated from polyphenols rich leaves of Musa spp which was free from contamination and colour. The average yields of total DNA from leaf ranged from 917.4 to 1860.9 ng/ìL. This modified CTAB protocol reported here is less time consuming 4-5h, reproducible and can be used for a broad spectrum of plant species which have polyphenol and polysaccharide compounds.

Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Direct Detection of Brucella spp. in Milk and Cheese

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. TANTILLO ◽  
A. DI PINTO ◽  
A. VERGARA ◽  
C. BUONAVOGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Chain Reaction Test

A polymerase chain reaction test was developed to detect Brucella spp. directly in milk and cheese and optimized using primers for the BSCP-31 gene. A total of 46 cheese samples produced with sheep and goats milk were assayed, and Brucella spp. was detected in 46% of them, especially in cheese made from sheep milk. This method is of remarkable epidemiologic interest because it is an indirect test indicating the sanitary quality of milk used in dairy industries. The method showed good sensitivity and specificity. It is faster and less expensive than the conventional bacteriological assays.

scholarly journals USE OF THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ASYMPTOMATIC Leishmania INFECTION IN A VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS-ENDEMIC AREA

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Almeida Silva ◽  
Héctor Dardo Romero ◽  
Aline Fagundes ◽  
Nédia Nehme ◽  
Otávio Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The diagnosis of asymptomatic infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi has become more important over recent years. Expansion of visceral leishmaniasis might be associated with other routes of transmission such as transfusion, congenital or even vector transmission, and subjects with asymptomatic infection are potential reservoirs. Moreover, the identification of infection may contribute to the management of patients with immunosuppressive conditions (HIV, transplants, use of immunomodulators) and to the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures. In this study, 149 subjects living in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area were evaluated clinically and submitted to genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serological testing, and the Montenegro skin test. Forty-nine (32.9%) of the subjects had a positive PCR result and none of them developed the disease within a follow-up period of three years. No association was observed between the results of PCR, serological and skin tests. A positive PCR result in subjects from the endemic area did not indicate a risk of progression to visceral leishmaniasis and was not associated with a positive result in the serological tests.

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