scholarly journals Aging-Related Hypometabolism in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Cognitively Intact, Amyloid-Negative Seniors at Rest Mediates the Relationship between Age and Executive Function but Not Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José V Pardo ◽  
Shantal M Nyabwari ◽  
Joel T Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) shows the most aging-related brain metabolic dysfunction that correlates with decreasing executive processing in otherwise healthy, cognitively intact volunteers. Here, data from ADNI are used to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in cognitive aging, that is, age-related decline in cognitive performance in the absence of known neurodegenerative disease. Amyloid-negative volunteers showed statistically significant mediation of ACC metabolism in the relationship between age and verbal fluency. A nonlinguistic task of executive function, Trails B, showed also negative correlation between performance and age, albeit weaker, but was not significant in the mediation analysis. Recall of story items, minimizing attentional demands compared with learning of word lists, did not correlate with age. ADNI subjects selected for low vascular risks also showed correlation between age and declining ACC metabolism. In the whole-brain amyloid-negative subset, ACC amyloid was not correlated with age. As expected, the metabolism in an arbitrary region such as motor cortex that was not expected to decline with cognitive aging showed no correlation with age or ACC metabolism suggesting regional specificity. These findings motivate the search for the pathophysiology of aging-related ACC dysfunction to prevent, diagnose, and treat the decline in executive function associated with cognitive aging.

scholarly journals Aging-related hypometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates the relationship between age vs. executive function but not vs. memory in cognitively intact elders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
José V. Pardo ◽  
Shantal M. Nyabwari ◽  
Joel T. Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTElucidating the pathophysiology of cognitive decline during aging in those without overt neurodegeneration is a prerequisite to improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cognitive aging. We showed previously the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are centers for aging-related metabolic dysfunction that correlate with age-associated cognitive decline in healthy volunteers. Here, we examine using the extensive and well-characterized ADNI dataset the hypothesis that ACC metabolism in healthy seniors functions as a mediator in the relationship between age and executive function. In agreement with our previous findings, highly significant correlations arose between age and metabolism; metabolism and fluency; and age and fluency. These observations motivated a mediation model in which ACC metabolism mediates the relationship between age and fluency score. Significance of the indirect effect was examined by Sobel testing and bootstrapping. In these cognitively intact seniors with “typical aging,” there was neither a correlation between age and memory scores nor between ACC metabolism and memory scores. The metabolism in a control region, the primary motor cortex, showed no correlation with age or ACC metabolism. These findings motivate further research into aging-related ACC dysfunction to prevent, diagnose, and treat the decline in executive function associated with aging in the absence of known neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe pathophysiology of aging-related cognitive decline remains unclear but the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a major component of the anterior human attention system, shows decreasing metabolism that correlates with declining executive function despite otherwise intact cognition. Here, the relationships between ACC metabolism, age, executive function, and memory were examined using the large, public, ADNI database. Earlier findings were confirmed. In addition, ACC metabolism was found a mediator between age and executive function. In contrast, no correlation arose between memory and age or between memory and ACC metabolism. No correlations surfaced when using the metabolism of the right primary motor cortex as a control region. Development of preventive medicine and novel treatments will require elucidation of aging-related ACC pathophysiology requiring further research.

scholarly journals Increased Glucose Activity in Subgenual Anterior Cingulate and Hippocampus of High Performing Older Adults, Despite Amyloid Burden

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wyllians Vendramini Borelli ◽  
Eduardo Leal-Conceição ◽  
Michele Alberton Andrade ◽  
Nathalia Bianchini Esper ◽  
Paula Kopschina Feltes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Definition Of

Background: Individuals at 80 years of age or above with exceptional memory are considered SuperAgers (SA), an operationalized definition of successful cognitive aging. SA showed increased thickness and altered functional connectivity in the anterior cingulate cortex as a neurobiological signature. However, their metabolic alterations are yet to be uncovered. Objective: Herein, a metabolic (FDG-PET), amyloid (PIB-PET), and functional (fMRI) analysis of SA were conducted. Methods: Ten SA, ten age-matched older adults (C80), and ten cognitively normal middle-aged (C50) adults underwent cognitive testing and multimodal neuroimaging examinations. Anterior and posterior regions of the cingulate cortex and hippocampal areas were primarily examined, then subregions of anterior cingulate were segregated. Results: The SA group showed increased metabolic activity in the left and right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC, p <  0.005 corrected, bilateral) and bilateral hippocampi (right: p <  0.0005 and left: p <  0.005, both corrected) as compared to that in the C80 group. Amyloid deposition was above threshold in 30% of SA and C80 (p >  0.05). The SA group also presented decreased connectivity between right sACC and posterior cingulate (p <  0.005, corrected) as compared to that of the C80 group. Conclusion: These results support the key role of sACC and hippocampus in SA, even in the presence of amyloid deposition. It also suggests that sACC may be used as a potential biomarker in older adults for exceptional memory ability. Further longitudinal studies measuring metabolic biomarkers may help elucidate the interaction between these areas in the cognitive aging process.

[P1-432]: ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX EXHIBITS AGE-RELATED METABOLIC CHANGES: CORRELATION WITH BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE IN ATTENTION TASK

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_8) ◽  
pp. P446-P447
Author(s):  
Pui Wai Chiu ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Wai Ho Savio Wong ◽  
Tianyan Liu ◽  
Gloria Hoi Yan Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Income is associated with hippocampal/amygdala and education with cingulate cortex grey matter volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotze ◽  
M. Domin ◽  
C. O. Schmidt ◽  
N. Hosten ◽  
H. J. Grabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Income and education are both elements of a person’s socioeconomic status, which is predictive of a broad range of life outcomes. The brain’s gray matter volume (GMV) is influenced by socioeconomic status and mediators related to an unhealthy life style. We here investigated two independent general population samples comprising 2838 participants (all investigated with the same MRI-scanner) with regard to the association of indicators of the socioeconomic status and gray matter volume. Voxel-based morphometry without prior hypotheses revealed that years of education were positively associated with GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex and net-equivalent income with gray matter volume in the hippocampus/amygdala region. Analyses of possible mediators (alcohol, cigarettes, body mass index (BMI), stress) revealed that the relationship between income and GMV in the hippocampus/amygdala region was partly mediated by self-reported stressors, and the association of years of education with GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex by BMI. These results corrected for whole brain effects (and therefore not restricted to certain brain areas) do now offer possibilities for more detailed hypotheses-driven approaches.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Functional Network Underlying Specific and General Autobiographical Memory Retrieval: A Pivotal Role for the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e82385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pénélope Martinelli ◽  
Marco Sperduti ◽  
Anne-Dominique Devauchelle ◽  
Sandrine Kalenzaga ◽  
Thierry Gallarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A 1H MRS Study at 7Tesla

2016 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Brandt ◽  
Paul G. Unschuld ◽  
Subechhya Pradhan ◽  
Issel Anne L. Lim ◽  
Gregory Churchill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Fatty acid dysregulation in the anterior cingulate cortex of depressed suicides with a history of child abuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Perlman ◽  
Raphael Chouinard-Watkins ◽  
Arnaud Tanti ◽  
Giulia Cisbani ◽  
Massimiliano Orri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Child abuse (CA) strongly increases the lifetime risk of suffering from major depression and predicts an unfavorable course for the illness. Severe CA has been associated with a specific dysregulation of oligodendrocyte function and thinner myelin sheaths in the human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) white matter. Given that myelin is extremely lipid-rich, it is plausible that these findings may be accompanied by a disruption of the lipid profile that composes the myelin sheath. This is important to explore since the composition of fatty acids (FA) in myelin phospholipids can influence its stability, permeability, and compactness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify and compare FA concentrations in postmortem ACC white matter in the choline glycerophospholipid pool (ChoGpl), a key myelin phospholipid pool, between adult depressed suicides with a history of CA (DS-CA) matched depressed suicides without CA (DS) and healthy non-psychiatric controls (CTRL). Total lipids were extracted according to the Folch method and separated into respective classes using thin-layer chromatography. FA methyl esters from the ChoGpl fraction were quantified using gas chromatography. Our analysis revealed a strong age-related decrease in most FAs, and specific effects of CA in FAs from the arachidonic acid synthesis pathway, which was further validated with RNA-sequencing data. Furthermore, the concentration of most FAs was found to decrease with age. By extending the previous molecular level findings linking CA with altered myelination in the ACC, these results provide further insights regarding white matter alterations associated with early-life adversity.

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