scholarly journals Effect of exogenous glucoamylase inclusion on in vitro fermentation and growth performance of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Pittaluga ◽  
S Yu ◽  
W Li ◽  
J C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding an exogenous glucoamylase (GA) enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei on in vitro fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 levels of added enzyme (0, 0.24, and 0.72 GA enzyme units) and 2 corn particle sizes (CPS; 2 and 4 mm) in a factorial arrangement using a 7 h in vitro batch culture fermentation. Addition of GA increased (P < 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance by 13% and decreased final pH (P < 0.01). Molar proportion of propionate increased with GA inclusion (P < 0.01). A smaller CPS increased (P < 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance and total volatile fatty acid and decreased final pH (P < 0.01). A smaller CPS also decreased (P < 0.01) the molar proportion of acetate and increased (P < 0.01) the molar proportion of butyrate. In Experiment 2, Angus × Simmental steers (n = 105; initial BW = 329 ± 38 kg) were used to evaluate the inclusion of an exogenous GA on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a basal diet consisting of 60% dry-rolled corn, 17.5% modified distillers grains with solubles, 12.5% corn silage and 10% dry supplement on a dry matter basis for 136 d. Steers were blocked by weight and allotted to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments (5 pens/treatment): diet with no GA (CON), low inclusion of GA (122 enzyme units/kg DM; LGA), or high inclusion of GA (183 enzyme units/kg DM; HGA). Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.23) final BW, DMI, or ADG for the 136-d feeding period. Feed conversion was affected (P = 0.02) by treatment with steers fed HGA having ~8% greater G:F compared with LGA and CON. Treatment did not affect (P = 0.32) fecal starch. Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) carcass traits including HCW, 12 th rib fat thickness, yield grade, longissimus muscle area, or marbling score. Overall, results suggest inclusion of exogenous GA enzyme increased in vitro dry matter disappearance in batch culture and improved feed conversion in steers fed 183 enzyme units/kg DM during the finishing phase.

Effects of corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles on in vitro fermentation, growth performance and carcass traits of lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E McKeown ◽  
A V Chaves ◽  
M Oba ◽  
M E.R. Dugan ◽  
E Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain with corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) at 20% of dietary dry matter (DM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation in bovine ruminal fluid and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs. Sixty ram lambs (22.6 ± 3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments and given individual ad libitum access to feed until they attained slaughter weight. The control diet consisted (DM basis) of 54% barley grain, 16% sunflower hulls, 11.5% beet pulp, 10% canola meal, 2.5% canola oil and 6.0% molasses, vitamins and minerals mixture. For the three DDGS dietary treatments, 10% barley grain and 10% canola meal were replaced with 20% corn-, wheat-or triticale-DDGS. The source of DDGS did not influence (P > 0.51) dry matter intake (DMI) or average daily gain (ADG). Feed conversion (feed:gain) of lambs fed wheat DDGS was approx. 12% poorer (P < 0.05) than that of lambs fed control or corn DDGS diets. In vitro data suggest that the inefficient gain may have been attributable to greater (P < 0.05) ammonia concentration at 24 h and lower digestibility of wheat DDGS. Carcass traits, including hot carcass weight, body wall thickness and saleable meat yield, were not affected (P > 0.60) by dietary treatment. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were also not affected by DGGS source (P ≥ 0.13). There was no treatment effect (P = 0.33) on concentrations of t11-18:1, but feeding triticale DDGS increased the concentration (P = 0.04) of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In conclusion, DDGS from corn, wheat or triticale can replace a mixture of barley grain and canola meal at 20% of dietary DM without adversely affecting DMI, ADG or carcass characteristics of growing lambs, although wheat DDGS may reduce feed conversion ratio (feed:gain). Including triticale DDGS may also improve the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat.Key words: Lamb, corn, wheat, triticale, distillers’ grains, performance, carcass characteristics

scholarly journals 228 Effect of exogenous glucoamylase inclusion on in vitro digestion and feedlot cattle performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Alejandro Pittaluga ◽  
Shukun Yu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Batch Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Muscle Area

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding an exogenous glucoamylase (GA) enzyme to a finishing diet on in vitro digestion and performance of feedlot cattle. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 levels of added enzyme (0, 0.24, and 0.72 GA enzyme units) and 2 corn particle sizes (2 and 4 mm) in a 7 h in vitro batch culture fermentation. No interactions were observed (P &gt; 0.10). Addition of GA increased (P &lt; 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance by 9%. A smaller corn particle increased (P &lt; 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance by 11%. In Experiment 2, Angus × Simmental steers (N = 105; BW = 340 ± 39 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 15 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: control (CON) diet with no added enzymes, low inclusion of GA (122 enzyme units/kg DM; LGA), or high inclusion of GA (183 enzyme units/kg DM; HGA). Steers were fed a basal diet consisting of 60% dry rolled corn, 17.5% modified distillers grains with solubles, 12.5% corn silage, and 10% of a corn-based supplement on a DM basis for 139 d. Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.24) final BW, DMI, or ADG overall for the 136 d feeding period. Steers fed HGA had increased (P = 0.02) G:F compared with LGA and CON with least square means of 0.213, 0.194, and 0.197, respectively. Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) carcass traits including HCW, 12th rib fat thickness, yield grade, longissimus muscle area, or marbling score. Overall, results suggest inclusion of exogenous glucoamylase enzyme increased in vitro dry matter disappearance in batch culture and improved feed conversion of the finishing diet fed to feedlot steers at 0.381 g enzyme protein/kg DM.

Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baah ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
T A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) poduct containing a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation of barley-grain/barley-silage-based backgrounding and finishing diets and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle was evaluated during backgrounding (84 d) and finishing (140 d) of 100 Hereford × Angus steers (initial body weight = 280 ± 15.5 kg). The inclusion rates of DFM in the in vitro study were 4, 8, 12 and 16 million colony forming units (CFU) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) kg-1 DM of substrate. Total in vitro volatile fatty acids (VFA) production increased at 6 and 12 h of incubation (P < 0.01; linear response) when the backgrounding diet was supplemented with DFM. Dry matter digestibility and VFA production also increased (P < 0.05) during a 12-h fermentation of the finishing diet. Steers were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments that comprised feeding DFM tp provide 0 (control), 4 × 107, 8 × 107, or 12 × 107 CFU kg-1 diet DM. Average daily gain (ADG, kg) and feed efficiency (G:F; kg gain kg-1 DM consumed) of steers improved (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) as a result of feeding DFM during the backgrounding period, but not during the finishing period. Saleable meat and rib eye area decreased (P = 0.038, linear; and P = 0.041, quadratic) with DFM supplementation. The results indicated that supplementing barley-grain/barley-silage-based feedlot cattle diets with 12 × 107 CFU of the mixed culture of lactobacilli used in these studies could improve ruminal fermentation, ADG and G:F in backgrounding feedlot steers. However, supplementation during the finishing period may not be warranted in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics. Differences in the microbial ecology of the intestinal tract as a result of differences in diet composition may account for the varied response between the backgrounding and finishing periods.Key words: Beef cattle, direct-fed microbial, growth performance, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, ruminal fermentation

scholarly journals Effect of feeding dry-rolled corn or whole shelled corn during the finishing phase on growth performance and carcass characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T B Freitas ◽  
T L Felix ◽  
C Clark ◽  
F L Fluharty ◽  
A E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Quality Grade

Abstract The objectives of this trial were to evaluate the effect of corn processing during the finishing phase on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. We hypothesized that steers fed dry-rolled corn would have better feed efficiency (less feed necessary to the same amount of gain) than steers fed whole shelled corn. Ninety-five backgrounded Angus-cross cattle, (initial body weight (BW) = 263 ± 9.8 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design in a feedlot setting. Cattle were divided in to 3 blocks: heifers (n = 31, 4 pens; initial BW = 267 ± 1.3 kg), light steers (n = 32, 4 pens; initial BW = 253 ± 1.3 kg), and heavy steers (n = 32, 4 pens; initial BW = 279 ± 1.4 kg). Diets contained 70% corn (experimental treatment), 15% dried distiller’s grains with solubles, 7% grass hay, and 8% supplement, on a dry matter basis. Cattle were fed for 217, 224, and 231 ± 8 d for the heifer, heavy steer, and light steer blocks, respectively. Two pens within each block were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) dry-rolled corn (DRC) or 2) whole shelled corn (WSC). Animal growth performance and carcass characteristics were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, including the fixed effect of treatment. Pen and block were included as random effects. Carcass characteristics USDA Yield Grade and Quality Grade distributions were compared using the GLIMMIX procedure of using the same model than the growth performance data. Data are presented as LSMeans. Cattle fed DRC had greater average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.02) and final BW (P &lt; 0.01) when compared with cattle fed WSC. Even though ADG was greater for the DRC treatment, feed efficiency was similar (P = 0.45) because dry matter intake (DMI) was also greater (P = 0.04) for DRC when compared with the WSC treatment. Cattle fed DRC also had greater hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.01), and Longissimus dorsi muscle area (LMA; P &lt; 0.01) than cattle fed WSC. No differences (P ≥ 0.18) were observed for marbling score, USDA Yield Grade or USDA Quality Grade. In conclusion, feeding DRC to feedlot cattle improved ADG, hot carcass weight, and LMA, without affecting feed efficiency or meat quality.

scholarly journals PSI-22 Effects of supplementing sugar beet processing by-products in low-quality forage diets on in vitro fermentation characteristics and dry matter digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Glory M Ogren ◽  
Gwinyai Chibisa
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
By Products

Abstract Sugar beet processing by-products can be used to increase nutrient supply in beef cattle fed low-quality forages. However, information on the effectiveness of the different byproducts on modulating ruminal fermentation is still limited. Our objective was to determine the effects of providing supplemental molasses, concentrated seperator by-product, liquid feed-grade (32% purity) and crystalline betaine (97%) on in vitro fermentation and dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). A batch culture system was used to evaluate volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (3 h), pH (24 and 48 h), and IVDMD (24 and 48 h). A low-quality hay (7.5% crude protein; 58% total digestible nutrients) was used as a substrate and the inclusion level was 10% (dry matter [DM] basis) for all by-products except for crystalline betaine. Because it is a solid, a solution of crystalline betaine was made such that the betaine inclusion level was similar to that of feed-grade betaine. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS. Total VFA concentration was lower (P &lt; 0.01) for crystalline and liquid betaine compared to molasses and concentrated seperator by-product. Molar proportion of propionate was lower for concentrated seperator by-product (P = 0.04) than for the other treatments whereas the molar proportion of butyrate was lower (P = 0.04) for crystal betaine compared to molasses and concentrated seperator by-product. However, although pH was lower (P &lt; 0.01) at 48 than 24 h, whereas DMD was greater (P &lt; 0.01) at 48 than 24 h, there was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.18) on pH and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) at both 24 and 48 h. In summary, although adding different by-products from sugar beet processing resulted in changes in the VFA profile at 3 h of in vitro incubation, it had no effect on 24 and 48 h pH and IVDMD.

Effect of Starch Source in Concentrate Diets and of Days on Feed on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Return of Feedlot Steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchalee Khongpradit ◽  
Phoompong Boonsaen ◽  
Nitipong Homwong ◽  
Keiji Matsuba ◽  
Yasuo Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Abstract The effects of PS were determined as a concentrate added to feed and of the days it was short-term and long-term fed to fattening dairy steers on their growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and economic return. The experimental units comprised 36 feedlot dairy steers arranged as a 2 ⋅ 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. The first term (diet factors) consisted of ground corn (GC), ground cassava (CA), or pineapple stem starch (PS) at 37% dry matter (DM) in the concentrate. The second term (feeding factors) consisted of feeding the concentrate from 1 to 206 days (short-term feeding) or from 1 to 344 days (long-term feeding). At the end of the feeding term periods, the animals were slaughtered and the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated. The average daily gain (ADG), feed:gain ratio, dry matter intake (DMI), hot carcass and cool carcass percentages, and backfat thickness were greater for steers on short-term than on long-term feeding. Feeding the different starch sources had no negative influence on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. However, the ADG of steers fed PS tended (P = 0.07) to be higher than for those fed GC or CA. In addition, the concentration of the fatty acid C14:1 in the longissimus dorsi muscle was the highest in steers fed CA. Different starch sources had similar values for saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA.) Long-term feeding increased MUFA. Pineapple stem starch could be a useful feed ingredient for feedlot steers as an alternative starch source for energy.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE NOVILHOS CONFINADOS ALIMENTADOS COM SILAGENS DE DIFERENTES HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKAEL NEUMANN ◽  
EGON HENRIQUE HORST ◽  
ANDRÉ MARTINS DE SOUZA ◽  
LESLEI CAROLINE SANTOS ◽  
DIEGO SLOMPO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feedlot Steers

 RESUMO - O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de matéria seca, a digestibilidade aparente da dieta, o ga­nho de peso médio diário e a eficiência de transformação de carcaça, assim como as características da carcaça e seus componentes não integrantes, de novilhos confinados alimentados com silagens de dois híbridos de milho: LG6030 PRO e P30B39 H. Foram utilizados 24 novilhos ½ sangue Angus, e a dieta seguiu relação volumoso: concentrado de 50:50 durante o período experimental. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado composto por dois tratamentos, com seis repetições, em que cada repetição constou de uma baia com dois animais. A silagem de milho do LG6030 PRO proporcionou o maior (P<0,05) ganho de peso (1,565 contra 1,358 kg dia-1), ganho médio de carcaça (1,139 contra 1,034 kg dia-1) durante o período de terminação, apesar da menor (P<0,05) eficiência de transformação do ganho de peso em carcaça (73,7% contra 76,9%), comparativamente à silagem do P30B39 H. A dieta com silagem de milho do híbrido LG6030 PRO, comparativamente ao híbrido P30B39 H, foi mais digestível (72,92% contra 70,52%), gerando melhor conversão alimentar (6,11 contra 7,81 kg de MS kg de ganho de peso-1).Palavras-chave: digestibilidade, eficiência de transformação de carcaça, ganho médio de carcaça, híbrido de milho silageiro. PERFORMANCE OF FEEDLOT STEERS FED WITH DIFFERENT SILAGE CORN HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT - This experiment aimed to evaluate the consumption of dry matter, digestibility apparent of diet, gain of weight and average daily carcass transformation efficiency as well as carcass characteristics and its non-integrating components of confined steers fed with two hybrids: LG6030 PRO versus P30B39. Twenty-four half-blood Angus animals fed with a diet ratio of 50: 50 (bulky:concentrate) in the trial period were used. The experimental design was randomly assigned to two treatments with six repetitions, each repetition with two steers. The corn silage of LG6030 PRO provided the highest (P <0.05) weight gain (1,565 vs 1,358 kg day-1), mean carcass gain (1,139 versus 1,034 kg day-1) during the termination period, despite of the lowest (P <0.05) efficiency transformation of carcass in weight gain (73.7% versus 76.9%) compared to P30B39 silage. The corn silage diet of the hybrid LG6030 PRO compared to the hybrid P30B39 H was more digestible (72.92% versus 70.52%), generating better feed conversion (6.11 vs 7.81 kg of MS kg of gain weight-1).Keywords: digestibility, efficiency transformation of carcass, average gain of carcass, hybrid corn silage. 

scholarly journals Impact of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, feed intake, and carcass traits of finishing steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1172
Author(s):  
Tassilo Brand ◽  
Martin Hünerberg ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Maolong He ◽  
Atef M Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Finishing Steers

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom [DA]; Biomin, Getzersdorf, Austria) on growth performance, feed intake, carcass traits, fatty acid composition, and liver abscesses of finishing steers. One hundred twenty Angus × Charolais crossbred steers (488 ± 26.5 kg) were used in a 110-d feeding experiment. Steers were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 12 pens with 10 steers per pen. Each pen was allocated to one of three diets. Each diet contained 86.5% barley, 10.0% barley silage, and 3.5% vitamin and mineral supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets contained 0, 0.05, and 0.1 g DA/kg complete diet (DM basis), to achieve average daily DA intakes of 0 (control), 0.5 (LowDA), and 1.0 g (HighDA) per steer. Diets were prepared once daily and provided ad libitum. Two pens per treatment were equipped to record individual feed intake behavior. Steers were weighed every 28 d and carcass traits and liver scores were recorded at slaughter. Dry matter intake (average: 9.34 kg/d) did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) among diets. Average daily gain tended to increase linearly as DA increased (control: 1.82; LowDA: 1.87; and HighDA: 1.95 kg/d; P &lt; 0.09), but gain:feed ratio was not affected. Supplementation of DA affected longissimus muscle area quadratically (P = 0.05) with the largest area observed for LowDA. However, dressing percentage decreased linearly in response to increasing level of DA (P &lt; 0.01). Total abscessed livers were not affected, whereas proportion of severe liver abscesses was numerically lower with DA (30.8% and 42.5% for LowDA and HighDA) compared to the control (50%).

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