Effects of corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles on in vitro fermentation, growth performance and carcass traits of lambs

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
L E McKeown ◽  
A V Chaves ◽  
M Oba ◽  
M E.R. Dugan ◽  
E Okine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain with corn-, wheat- or triticale dry distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) at 20% of dietary dry matter (DM) on in vitro ruminal fermentation in bovine ruminal fluid and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs. Sixty ram lambs (22.6 ± 3.0 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments and given individual ad libitum access to feed until they attained slaughter weight. The control diet consisted (DM basis) of 54% barley grain, 16% sunflower hulls, 11.5% beet pulp, 10% canola meal, 2.5% canola oil and 6.0% molasses, vitamins and minerals mixture. For the three DDGS dietary treatments, 10% barley grain and 10% canola meal were replaced with 20% corn-, wheat-or triticale-DDGS. The source of DDGS did not influence (P > 0.51) dry matter intake (DMI) or average daily gain (ADG). Feed conversion (feed:gain) of lambs fed wheat DDGS was approx. 12% poorer (P < 0.05) than that of lambs fed control or corn DDGS diets. In vitro data suggest that the inefficient gain may have been attributable to greater (P < 0.05) ammonia concentration at 24 h and lower digestibility of wheat DDGS. Carcass traits, including hot carcass weight, body wall thickness and saleable meat yield, were not affected (P > 0.60) by dietary treatment. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in subcutaneous fat were also not affected by DGGS source (P ≥ 0.13). There was no treatment effect (P = 0.33) on concentrations of t11-18:1, but feeding triticale DDGS increased the concentration (P = 0.04) of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). In conclusion, DDGS from corn, wheat or triticale can replace a mixture of barley grain and canola meal at 20% of dietary DM without adversely affecting DMI, ADG or carcass characteristics of growing lambs, although wheat DDGS may reduce feed conversion ratio (feed:gain). Including triticale DDGS may also improve the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous fat.Key words: Lamb, corn, wheat, triticale, distillers’ grains, performance, carcass characteristics

Short Communication: Effects of supplemental canola meal and various types of distillers’ grains on growth performance of backgrounded steers

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
C. Li ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Communication Effects

Yang, W. Z., Xu, L., Li, C. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of supplemental canola meal and various types of distillers’ grains on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 281–286. A growth study was conducted to investigate the effects of protein source on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Partly replacing barley grain with canola meal (CM), corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (cDDGS) or fractionated corn dried distillers grains with solubles (fDDGS) increased averaged daily gain and feed conversion efficiency of backgrounded steers. Steers fed corn DDGS (cDDGS, fDDGS) improved feed conversion efficiency compared with steers fed wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (wDDGS). These results indicate that inclusion of protein ingredients in barley-based diets is necessary to improve growth performance of growing cattle. To maximize profits, the choice of protein source in cattle rations will depend upon availability and cost of ingredients.

Growth performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality of pigs fed diets containing meal from conventional or glyphosate-tolerant canola

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Caine ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
K. A. Lien ◽  
I. L. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Growth performance, carcass characteristics and pork quality were evaluated for pigs fed barley and wheat-based diets, which included meal from conventional or transgenic glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup-Ready®) canola. One hundred and forty-four pigs (72 gilts and 72 barrows) weighing 30 ± 3 kg were assigned, three to a pen, on the basis of gender and weight to receive one of four dietary treatments formulated using canola meal from two commercial sources (COM1 and COM2), non-transgenic parental control (PCC) or transgenic (RRC) canola. Pigs were fed a grower diet (75 g kg-1 canola meal) until 60.5 ± 4.0 kg and then a finishing diet (150 g kg-1 canola meal) to 108.6 ± 7.3 kg at slaughter. Pigs receiving the COM1 and COM2 diets had an overall higher (P < 0.0001) daily feed intake (DFI) compared with pigs fed the PCC and RRC diets. Corresponding average daily gain (ADG) was also increased (P = 0.02) for COM1-fed pigs, although feed conversion efficiencies (FCE) of the pigs were similar (P > 0.05) among diets. Gilts had lower overall DFI (P < 0.0001), ADG (P < 0.0001) and FCE (P = 0.04) compared with barrows. Pigs receiving the PCC and RRC diets had heavier (P = 0.002) liver weights than those pigs fed the COM1 and COM2 diets (2.06 and 2.05 kg vs. 1.95 and 1.96 kg, respectively). Postmortem decline in pH and temperature of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle from pigs were not different (P > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Characteristics of pork quality for the LT muscle, which included objective colour and shear force were also not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary source of canola meal. Gross composition of commercial pork cuts were similar (P > 0.05) among the dietary treatments with the exception of small differences for intermuscular (P = 0.04) and body cavity (P = 0.02) fat in the picnic cut and body cavity (P = 0.02) fat in the loin cut. Differences in DFI, ADG and liver weights of the pigs may be related to higher content of antinutritional glucosinolates (µmoles g-1) in the PCC (20.20) and RRC (15.04) varieties compared with COM1 (7.55) and COM2 (7.46) sources of canola meal. Key words: Transgenic canola, growth, pork quality, pigs

scholarly journals Effect of exogenous glucoamylase inclusion on in vitro fermentation and growth performance of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Pittaluga ◽  
S Yu ◽  
W Li ◽  
J C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding an exogenous glucoamylase (GA) enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei on in vitro fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed a dry-rolled corn-based diet. Experiment 1 evaluated 3 levels of added enzyme (0, 0.24, and 0.72 GA enzyme units) and 2 corn particle sizes (CPS; 2 and 4 mm) in a factorial arrangement using a 7 h in vitro batch culture fermentation. Addition of GA increased (P &lt; 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance by 13% and decreased final pH (P &lt; 0.01). Molar proportion of propionate increased with GA inclusion (P &lt; 0.01). A smaller CPS increased (P &lt; 0.01) in vitro dry matter disappearance and total volatile fatty acid and decreased final pH (P &lt; 0.01). A smaller CPS also decreased (P &lt; 0.01) the molar proportion of acetate and increased (P &lt; 0.01) the molar proportion of butyrate. In Experiment 2, Angus × Simmental steers (n = 105; initial BW = 329 ± 38 kg) were used to evaluate the inclusion of an exogenous GA on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were fed a basal diet consisting of 60% dry-rolled corn, 17.5% modified distillers grains with solubles, 12.5% corn silage and 10% dry supplement on a dry matter basis for 136 d. Steers were blocked by weight and allotted to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments (5 pens/treatment): diet with no GA (CON), low inclusion of GA (122 enzyme units/kg DM; LGA), or high inclusion of GA (183 enzyme units/kg DM; HGA). Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.23) final BW, DMI, or ADG for the 136-d feeding period. Feed conversion was affected (P = 0.02) by treatment with steers fed HGA having ~8% greater G:F compared with LGA and CON. Treatment did not affect (P = 0.32) fecal starch. Inclusion of GA did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) carcass traits including HCW, 12 th rib fat thickness, yield grade, longissimus muscle area, or marbling score. Overall, results suggest inclusion of exogenous GA enzyme increased in vitro dry matter disappearance in batch culture and improved feed conversion in steers fed 183 enzyme units/kg DM during the finishing phase.

Effect of low and high oil corn distillers' grain on rumen fermentation, growth performance and carcass characteristics of lambs

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. O'Hara ◽  
A. Tanner ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
D. J. Gibb ◽  
F. van Herk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
High Oil Corn ◽  
Corn Ddgs

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing a mixture of canola meal and barley grain in the diet with (low and high oil) corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) or wheat DDGS on rumen fermentation, feed intake, growth performance and carcass traits in lambs. Seventy Canadian Arcott lambs (24.7 ± 3.21 kg) were used in a completely randomised block design over a 14-week trial. Experimental diets were provided ad libitum as pelleted total mixed rations. In the treatment diets, canola meal and barley grain were replaced with 200 g/kg of dietary DM of either high oil corn DDGS, low oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS. A positive control diet was added to match the lipid content of 39 g/kg DM of the high oil corn DDGS diet. An in vitro rumen digestibility trial was conducted using ruminal fluid obtained from three non-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Rumen contents were also collected from each lamb at the time of slaughter for testing in vivo rumen fermentation. Data from both the in vivo and in vitro results were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The in vitro incubations revealed both corn DDGS diets produced less microbial N and microbial DM than control and wheat DDGS diets; however, this difference was too minimal to affect growth performance. Similarly, there was no dietary effect on (P > 0.05) on in vivo ruminal fermentation or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.19) of the lambs. Lambs fed low oil corn DDGS had lower average daily gains (P < 0.03) than those fed either high oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS however they did not differ from those fed the control. This research demonstrated that replacing canola meal and portions of barley grain with 200 g/kg DM of either high oil corn DDGS, low oil corn DDGS or wheat DDGS in finishing lamb ratios could effectively maintain healthy rumen function, growth performance and carcass characteristics.

Impact of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation and the growth of feedlot steers fed barley-based diets

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baah ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
T A McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) poduct containing a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation of barley-grain/barley-silage-based backgrounding and finishing diets and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle was evaluated during backgrounding (84 d) and finishing (140 d) of 100 Hereford × Angus steers (initial body weight = 280 ± 15.5 kg). The inclusion rates of DFM in the in vitro study were 4, 8, 12 and 16 million colony forming units (CFU) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) kg-1 DM of substrate. Total in vitro volatile fatty acids (VFA) production increased at 6 and 12 h of incubation (P < 0.01; linear response) when the backgrounding diet was supplemented with DFM. Dry matter digestibility and VFA production also increased (P < 0.05) during a 12-h fermentation of the finishing diet. Steers were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments that comprised feeding DFM tp provide 0 (control), 4 × 107, 8 × 107, or 12 × 107 CFU kg-1 diet DM. Average daily gain (ADG, kg) and feed efficiency (G:F; kg gain kg-1 DM consumed) of steers improved (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) as a result of feeding DFM during the backgrounding period, but not during the finishing period. Saleable meat and rib eye area decreased (P = 0.038, linear; and P = 0.041, quadratic) with DFM supplementation. The results indicated that supplementing barley-grain/barley-silage-based feedlot cattle diets with 12 × 107 CFU of the mixed culture of lactobacilli used in these studies could improve ruminal fermentation, ADG and G:F in backgrounding feedlot steers. However, supplementation during the finishing period may not be warranted in terms of growth performance and carcass characteristics. Differences in the microbial ecology of the intestinal tract as a result of differences in diet composition may account for the varied response between the backgrounding and finishing periods.Key words: Beef cattle, direct-fed microbial, growth performance, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus lactis, ruminal fermentation

INFLUENCE OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FEEDLOT CATTLE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
G. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Three factorial experiments were conducted to determine the relative feeding value of dry barley (DB) and high-moisture barley (HMB), and to evaluate the influence of method of ensiling (Pit vs. Harvestore® (HAV) silo), source of roughage (hay vs. silage), and level of concentrate (90 vs. 75%) on the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. In exp. 1, 252 steers (initial wt 357 kg) were assigned on the basis of weight to six treatments (two pens × 21 animals per pen). A mixed diet consisting of 85.2% barley grain (dry matter (DM) basis) was offered free choice. The barley portion of the ration consisted of either 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% DB with the balance being HMB from a pit silo. The sixth treatment consisted of feeding 100% HMB for the first 57 d and 100% DB for the remainder of the trial. Overall average daily gain (ADG) for steers fed 100% DB (1.70 kg d−1) was significantly higher than observed for animals fed 100, 75 or 50% HMB (1.46, 1.49 and 1.56 kg d−1, respectively). The kg of feed DM required per kg gain (FC) varied between 5.76 and 7.13 and was not (P > 0.05) influenced by treatment. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed in carcass characteristics. In exp. 2, 360 steers (initial wt 340 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments designed to evaluate the effect of source (Pit vs. HAV) and level of HMB, in diets containing 10.2% silage, on animal performance. Overall ADG (1.11 – 1.17 kg d−1), FC (6.66 – 7.01) and carcass characteristics were similar (P > 0.05) for animals fed Pit HMB, HAV HMB and DB. In exp. 3, 264 weanling calves (initial wt 216 kg) were allotted on the basis of weight to six treatments which differed in type of barley (HMB vs. DB), source of roughage (hay vs. silage) and level of concentrate (75 vs. 90%; DM basis). The feeding period was 127 d. Daily gains varied between 0.78 and 0.91 kg d−1 and FC ranged from 6.40 to 7.10 and were not influenced (P > 0.05) by source of barley or source or level of roughage. While animals fed DB had significantly higher ADG than those fed HMB in exp. 1, the overall results from the three experiments indicate that on a DM basis HMB has similar feeding value to DB, and that there is no major difference between Pit and HAV-stored HMB for feedlot cattle. Key words: High moisture, barley, cattle, gain, feed conversion

scholarly journals Effects of increasing dietary level of a commercial liquid supplement on growth performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Tara L Felix ◽  
Chloe J Long ◽  
Madeline R Stierwalt ◽  
Pedro H V Carvalho ◽  
Howard M Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Feeding cattle liquid supplements has become increasingly popular in the feedlot industry; however, optimal inclusion of liquid supplements in feedlot cattle diets is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal inclusion of liquid supplementation to maximize growth performance and improve carcass characteristics, as well as estimate the energy value of liquid supplementation when used as a direct corn replacement, for feedlot steers fed a concentrate-based diet. Two hundred and eighty steer calves were stratified by BW into light (BW = 208 ± 9 kg; n = 24) and heavy (BW = 275 ± 8 kg; n = 16) pens. Pens within BW block were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 supplements: 1) dry at 4.5% inclusion (0LIQ), 2) liquid (a proprietary blend from Quality Liquid Feeds; Dodgeville, WI) at 4.5% inclusion (4.5LIQ), 3) liquid at 9% inclusion (9LIQ), or 4) liquid at 13.5% inclusion (13.5LIQ). The remainder of the diet was 47.5% to 55.5% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, and 20% modified wet distillers grains with solubles (DM basis). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design and linear and quadratic were examined to determine effects of increasing dietary concentrations of liquid. Steers fed 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ had greater (quadratic; P ≤ 0.05) final BW, HCW, and NEm and NEg, and less DMI as a percent of BW compared to steers fed 13.5LIQ. Steers fed 0LIQ were intermediate and not different from other treatments. However, ADG and total BW gain did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) among treatments. Despite the lack of treatment effect on live measures of gain, feeding steers 4.5LIQ and 9LIQ resulted in greater carcass ADG (quadratic; P = 0.03), total carcass gain (quadratic; P = 0.04), and more efficient carcass gain (quadratic; P ≤ 0.01) compared to carcasses from steers fed 13.5LIQ. Feeding steers a liquid supplement at 9% of the diet, DM allowed for the greatest final BW and ADG in this study; however, there was no benefit of increasing liquid to 13.5%.

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