scholarly journals Advances and prospects in biomimetic multilayered scaffolds for articular cartilage regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-542
Author(s):  
Liwei Fu ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Cangjian Gao ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Zhiguo Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Cartilage Layer ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Due to the sophisticated hierarchical structure and limited reparability of articular cartilage (AC), the ideal regeneration of AC defects has been a major challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. As defects progress, they often extend from the cartilage layer to the subchondral bone and ultimately lead to osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering techniques bring new hope for AC regeneration. To meet the regenerative requirements of the heterogeneous and layered structure of native AC tissue, a substantial number of multilayered biomimetic scaffolds have been studied. Ideal multilayered scaffolds should generate zone-specific functional tissue similar to native AC tissue. This review focuses on the current status of multilayered scaffolds developed for AC defect repair, including design strategies based on the degree of defect severity and the zone-specific characteristics of AC tissue, the selection and composition of biomaterials, and techniques for design and manufacturing. The challenges and future perspectives of biomimetic multilayered scaffold strategies for AC regeneration are also discussed.

Additive manufacturing of cartilage-mimetic scaffolds as off-the-shelf implants for joint regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Farhad Chariyev-Prinz ◽  
Ross Burdis ◽  
Kian Eichholz ◽  
Daniel John Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Type Ii Collagen ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds

Abstract Biomimetic scaffolds that provide a tissue-specific environment to cells are particularly promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The goal of this study was to integrate emerging additive manufacturing and biomaterial design strategies to produce articular cartilage (AC) mimetic scaffolds that could be used as ‘off-the-shelf’ implants for joint regeneration. To this end alginate sulfate, a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) mimic, was used to functionalize porous alginate-based scaffolds and to support the sustained release of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3). Covalent crosslinking dramatically improved the elasticity of the alginate/alginate sulfate scaffolds, while scaffold architecture could be tailored using a directional freezing technique. Introducing such an anisotropic architecture was found to promote mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infiltration into the scaffold and to direct the orientation of the deposited extracellular matrix, leading to the development of cartilage tissue with a biomimetic zonal architecture. In vitro experiments also demonstrated the capacity of the sulfated scaffolds to both enhance chondrogenesis of MSCs and to control the release of TGF-β3, leading to the development of a tissue rich in sGAG and type II collagen. The scaffolds were further reinforced with a 3D printed PLCL framework, leading to composite implants that were more elastic than those reinforced with PCL, and which better mimicked the bulk mechanical properties of native cartilage tissue. The ability of this composite scaffold to support chondrogenesis was then confirmed within a dynamic culture system. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the potential of such biomimetic scaffolds as putative ‘single-stage’ or ‘off-the-shelf’ strategies for articular cartilage regeneration.

scholarly journals The Use of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering for Cartilage Regeneration; Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Eftekhari ◽  
Solmaz Maleki Dizaj ◽  
Simin Sharifi ◽  
Sara Salatin ◽  
Yalda Rahbar Saadat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Engineered Tissue ◽  
Degenerative Alterations ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Tissue Construct

The repair and regeneration of articular cartilage represent important challenges for orthopedic investigators and surgeons worldwide due to its avascular, aneural structure, cellular arrangement, and dense extracellular structure. Although abundant efforts have been paid to provide tissue-engineered grafts, the use of therapeutically cell-based options for repairing cartilage remains unsolved in the clinic. Merging a clinical perspective with recent progress in nanotechnology can be helpful for developing efficient cartilage replacements. Nanomaterials, < 100 nm structural elements, can control different properties of materials by collecting them at nanometric sizes. The integration of nanomaterials holds promise in developing scaffolds that better simulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment of cartilage to enhance the interaction of scaffold with the cells and improve the functionality of the engineered-tissue construct. This technology not only can be used for the healing of focal defects but can also be used for extensive osteoarthritic degenerative alterations in the joint. In this review paper, we will emphasize the recent investigations of articular cartilage repair/regeneration via biomaterials. Also, the application of novel technologies and materials is discussed.

scholarly journals The Application of Bioreactors for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Liwei Fu ◽  
Pinxue Li ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Cangjian Gao ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mechanical Environment ◽  
Biomechanical Stimuli ◽  
Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Tissue engineering (TE) has brought new hope for articular cartilage regeneration, as TE can provide structural and functional substitutes for native tissues. The basic elements of TE involve scaffolds, seeded cells, and biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. However, there are some limitations of TE; what most important is that static cell culture on scaffolds cannot simulate the physiological environment required for the development of natural cartilage. Recently, bioreactors have been used to simulate the physical and mechanical environment during the development of articular cartilage. This review aims to provide an overview of the concepts, categories, and applications of bioreactors for cartilage TE with emphasis on the design of various bioreactor systems.

scholarly journals Application of Cord Blood and Cord Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeri Alice Rim ◽  
Yoojun Nam ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Regeneration of articular cartilage is of great interest in cartilage tissue engineering since articular cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Due to the difficulty in obtaining healthy cartilage for transplantation, there is a need to develop an alternative and effective regeneration therapy to treat degenerative or damaged joint diseases. Stem cells including various adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are now actively used in tissue engineering. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of cord blood cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from these cells in cartilage regeneration. The abilities of these cells to undergo chondrogenic differentiation are also described. Finally, the technical challenges of articular cartilage regeneration and future directions are discussed.

Osteochondral scaffold combined with aligned nanofibrous scaffolds for cartilage regeneration

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (76) ◽  
pp. 72246-72255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lee ◽  
Ohan S. Manoukian ◽  
Gan Zhou ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Wei Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Articular Cartilage Repair ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Osteochondral Scaffold ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Defect Repair

Osteochondral defect repair poses a significant challenge in its reconstruction as the damage is presented in both articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Thus we present a osteochondral scaffold for articular cartilage repair.

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