scholarly journals Green Light Drives Leaf Photosynthesis More Efficiently than Red Light in Strong White Light: Revisiting the Enigmatic Question of Why Leaves are Green

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Terashima ◽  
Takashi Fujita ◽  
Takeshi Inoue ◽  
Wah Soon Chow ◽  
Riichi Oguchi
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Leaf Photosynthesis

Presence of Both Hemidiscoidal and Hemiellipsoidal Phycobilisomes in a Phormidium Species (Cyanobacteria)

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Westermann ◽  
Wolfgang Reuter ◽  
Christine Schimek ◽  
Werner Wehrmeyer
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Pigment Ratios ◽  
Light Cells ◽  
Sedimentation Value ◽  
In Cells

Hemidiscoidal and hemiellipsoidal phycobilisomes have been determined in cells of the complementary chromatically adapting cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. C86 . They could be isolated from red and green light-adapted cells, respectively. Hemidiscoidal red light phycobilisomes show molar pigment ratios of allophycocyanin: phycocyanin of 1:4.5 with phycoerythrin lacking. Hemiellipsoidal phycobilisomes induced by green light present allophycocyanin: phycocyanin: phycoerythrin ratios of 1:1:6.8. The differences between the two phycobilisome types could additionally be demonstrated by their ultrastructure and sedimentation values. Isolated red light phycobilisomes have six rods, show dimensions of 70×30×15nm and a sedimentation value of 66 S whereas green light phycobilisomes are nearly twice larger. They contain ten rods and present dimensions of 70×40×25nm and a sedimentation value of 98 S. The number of phycobilisomes in red light cells is almost twice as large as in green light cells. There is evidence that cells grown under white light contain both types as well as “intermediate” forms.

scholarly journals The influence of light quality on the shoot proliferation and rooting of Gerbera jamesonii in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gabryszewska ◽  
Ryszard Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
The Media

The effect of white, blue, green, red and UV + white light on the growth and development of shoots and roots of Gerbera jamesonii cv. Queen Rebecca in relation to the presence of kinetin or IAA were investigated. The highest number of axillary shoots was obtained in red and green light on the medium with 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> kinetin. Also, green and red light markedly increased the number of leaves developed on the plantlets on the medium supplemented with kinetin. Light quality and IAA added to culture medium variously affected the development of root system: roots were regenerated under all light treatments, higher root number was recorded under red light when 5 mg l<sup>-1</sup> IAA was added to the media, the shortest roots were found in red light on the medium supplemented with IAA. The greatest fresh weight of shoots was found under white light on the medium with kinetin. Red light markedly decreased shoot fresh weight on hormone-free medium. Blue and white light caused increase in fresh weight of roots.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiling Reveals the Effect of LED Light Quality on Fruit Ripening and Anthocyanin Accumulation in Cabernet Sauvignon Grape

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peian Zhang ◽  
Suwen Lu ◽  
Zhongjie Liu ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Highly Expressed Genes

Different light qualities have various impacts on the formation of fruit quality. The present study explored the influence of different visible light spectra (red, green, blue, and white) on the formation of quality traits and their metabolic pathways in grape berries. We found that blue light and red light had different effects on the berries. Compared with white light, blue light significantly increased the anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside), volatile substances (alcohols and phenols), and soluble sugars (glucose and fructose), reduced the organic acids (citric acid and malic acid), whereas red light achieved the opposite effect. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that 2707, 2547, 2145, and 2583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and (221, 19), (254, 22), (189, 17), and (234, 80) significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) were filtered in the dark vs. blue light, green light, red light, and white light, respectively. According to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, most of the DEGs identified were involved in photosynthesis and biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23410 highly expressed genes, two modules significantly related to anthocyanins and soluble sugars were screened out. The anthocyanins accumulation is significantly associated with increased expression of transcription factors (VvHY5, VvMYB90, VvMYB86) and anthocyanin structural genes (VvC4H, Vv4CL, VvCHS3, VvCHI1, VvCHI2, VvDFR), while significantly negatively correlated with VvPIF4. VvISA1, VvISA2, VvAMY1, VvCWINV, VvβGLU12, and VvFK12 were all related to starch and sucrose metabolism. These findings help elucidate the characteristics of different light qualities on the formation of plant traits and can inform the use of supplemental light in the field and after harvest to improve the overall quality of fruit.

Underwater light climate and the growth and pigmentation of planktonic blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) II. The influence of light quality

1986 ◽  
Vol 227 (1248) ◽  
pp. 381-393 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Blue Green Algae

The influence of light quality on the growth and chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein composition of eight strains of planktonic blue-green algae has been investigated. Growth rate in chromatic (red, green, blue) light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ) (1 μE = 6 × 10 17 photons) is a general function of the light absorption capacity of the cell. In all strains examined growth rate is enhanced in red light, and in Oscillatoria redekei and Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 it exceeds the maximum growth rate possible in white light of a higher photon flux density under otherwise similar experimental conditions. In green light the growth rate of six phycocyanin-rich strains is approximately 60–75% of that in white light (12 μE m -2 s -1 ), but growth rate is enhanced in O. agardhii 7821 and G. echinulata CC1, which synthesize the green-light-absorbing phycobiliprotein, phycoerythrin. With the exception of these two phycoerythrin-producing strains, incubation in blue light results in a pronounced reduction in growth rate, which in the majority of strains is associated with a specific decline in cell chlorophyll concentrations. In all strains cell chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein content is similar in both white and green light. Associated with the enhancement of growth rate in red light there is a general decline in cell pigment concentrations. An increase in the cell chlorophyll: phycobiliprotein ratio also occurs in a number of strains in red light. This qualitative variation in pigmentation occurs where growth rate is at or near its maximum rate and in Gloeotrichia echinulata CC1 is the result of a specific reduction in the rate of phycoerythrin synthesis. In contrast to other blue-green algae capable of chromatic adaptation, the modulation of phycoerythrin synthesis in this strain is influenced considerably by the photon flux density of red light.

scholarly journals Dual and Multi-Emission Hybrid Micelles Realized through Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Youxiong Zheng ◽  
Yan Tang ◽  
Jianwei Yu ◽  
Lan Xie ◽  
Huiyou Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Blue Light Emission ◽  
Dual Emission

Building novel functional nanomaterials with a polymer is one of the most dynamic research fields at present. Here, three amphiphilic block copolymers of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative motifs (MQ) with excellent coordination function were synthesized by Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization. The coordination micelles were prepared through the self-assembly process, which the MQ motifs were dispersed in the hydrophobic polystyrene (PSt) blocks and hydrophilic Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM)) blocks, respectively. The dual-emission micelles including the intrinsic red light emission of quantum dots (QDs) and the coordination green light emission of Zn2+-MQ complexes were built by introducing the CdSe/ZnS and CdTe/ZnS QDs in the core and shell precisely in the coordination micelles through the coordination-driven self-assembly process. Furthermore, based on the principle of three primary colors that produce white light emission, vinyl carbazole units (Polyvinyl Carbazole, PVK) with blue light emission were introduced into the hydrophilic PNIPAM blocks to construct the white light micelles that possess special multi-emission properties in which the intrinsic red light emission of QDs, the coordination green light of Zn2+-MQ complexes, and the blue light emission of PVK were synergized. The dual and multi-emission hybrid micelles have great application prospects in ratiometric fluorescent probes and biomarkers.

scholarly journals Effect of colour of light on the opening of inflorescence buds and post-harvest longevity of pot chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jerzy ◽  
Piotr Zakrzewski ◽  
Anita Schroeter-Zakrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Growth Room

The pot cultivar of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> × <i>grandiflorum</i> 'Leticia Time Yellow' was cultivated and stored in a growth room under fluorescent light of white, blue, green, yellow and red colour. Quantum irradiance was 30 μmol · m<sup>-2</sup> × s<sup>-1</sup>. The colour of light exerted a significant influence on the opening of closed inflorescence buds and on post-harvest longevity of pot chrysanthemums grown earlier in an unheated plastic tunnel. Under florescent lamps emitting blue light at a wavelength of 400-580 nm, inflorescence buds opened and coloured the earliest. The number of developed flower heads was the greatest under blue and white light. Flower heads developing in blue light were bigger than flower heads developing in white and green light. In red light at a wavelength of 600-700 nm, plants flowered latest and they produced the smallest flower heads. Post-harvest longevity was preserved longest in chrysanthemums kept under blue, white and green light. In red and yellow light, the flowers were overblown earliest.

scholarly journals The influence of light color on the rooting of 'Horim Golden' Chrysanthemum cuttings

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Lidia Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Light Color ◽  
White Control

The influence of three different colors of light; blue, green and red, compared with white light as the control, on the rooting of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> cuttings, is presented in this paper. The mother plants and cuttings were irradiated during rooting with different colors of light. This was shown to have had visible influence on the morphological differentiation of cuttings. It also affected the carbohydrate content in them. The rooting of the cuttings reflected this influence. The cuttings obtained from plants grown under white (control) or red light were characterized by well-developed root systems in terms of the number, length and mass of the roots. The cuttings from the plants grown under green light were the worst. The influence of the color of the light on the speed with which the first roots were formed was the reverse. The cuttings from the plants irradiated with green light rooted the quickest, next in order were those from plants irradiated with blue, red and white light. Irradiating cuttings with differently colored light during rooting only had an effect on the number of roots formed. This number was high, close to that of control cuttings, in cuttings exposed to red light, decidedly lower in those exposed to blue and, in particular, green light.

scholarly journals The color quality of Sumatra barb Puntigrus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855) in different light spectrum exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Wijianto Wijianto ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Yuni Puji Hastuti ◽  
Eddy Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Orange Color ◽  
Black Color

The color quality of Sumatra barb that cultivated by the farmers are not as good as the fish that collected from the wild. One of the causes is the unsuitable environment for maintaining and breeding Sumatran barb. This research aims to compare color quality of Sumatra barb Puntigrus tetrazona by exposure the different light spectrums on maintenance media. The experiment was completely randomize design with six treatments and three replications consisted of K (control), R (room light), M (red light spectrum), H (green light spectrum), B (blue light spectrum) and P (white light spectrum). The method used to measure Sumatra barb color quality using Photoshop CS 5 software and chromatophore cell calculations. The results of color quality analysis after 28 showed that the (M) treatment had the highest percentage of color quality was 48.81 ± 1.57% for orange color and 32.26 ± 0.07% for black color. The highest number of chromatophore cells was in M treatment with 147 ± 3.7 cells mm-². The red light spectrum (M) treatment showed the best physiological response and improvement of color quality and the glucose level was 23.00 ± 1.00 mg dL−1. The best color quality of the Sumatra barb is produced by exposure to the red light spectrum (M).

scholarly journals Effects of light quality on growth, total gypenosides accumulation and photosynthesis in Gynostemma pentaphyllum

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolie Peng ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Xingyun Li ◽  
Shibiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
White Light ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Study Results

<strong><em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em> is a kind of shade–tolerant plants. It can synthesize and accumulate gypenosides in large amounts. The gypenosides are a valuable medicine. To develop effective cultivation techniques of the plant, effects of light quality on growth, accumulation of total gypenosides and photosynthesis in <em>G. pentaphyllum</em> were investigated in this study. Results showed that light quality had remarkable effect on plant growth. White light had a significant effect on the increase in growth, especially in highest biomass, stem diameter and newly sprouted leaves. Red light accelerated stem length, new leaf formation and biomass when compared with blue and green lights. By contrast, green light had influence on inhibiting the increase of growth and biomass. And moreover, the content of total gypenosides was different in seedlings under different lights. The content of total gypenosides was the highest rank under red and white lights, followed by the content under blue light. The content was the least under green light. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate exhibited a typical double-peak curve when the plant grown under white, red and blue lights respectively, while that under green light presented a single-peak curve. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under red light was higher than those under either blue or green lights, but obviously lower than that under white light. The diurnal variation curve of stomatal conductance closely paralleled to that of transpiration rate curve, whereas the curve of intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration exhibited an opposite trend to that of Pn under any of the four lights. It was suggested that the influence of monochromatric light quality on growth and the accumulation of total gypenosides was associated with photosynthesis efficiency. </strong>

scholarly journals Rangsangan Warna Cahaya terhadap Prosentase Karkas Ayam Kampung Super

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Idrus Umar
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Yellow Light ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Light Color

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving different colors of light on carcass percentage and carcass weight in Kampung Super chickens. The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). A total of 80 Kampung Super chickens were used in this study. The research treatments were P1 (white light color), P2 (yellow light color), P3 (green light color), P4 (red light color), P5 (blue light color). The results of the study of the highest carcass presentation were found in the treatment that was given red light with an average value of 62.455%. The highest carcass weight was found in the same treatment, which was given a red light with an average value of 674.75 g/head. The provision of different light colors did not have a significant effect on the carcass percentage and carcass weight of the finisher phase super free-range chicken. 

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