Comparing Models of Strategic Choice: The Role of Uncertainty and Signaling

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wand
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
Quantal Response ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Extensive Form ◽  
Bayesian Equilibrium

Testing the fit of competing equilibrium solutions to extensive form games crucially depends on assumptions about the distribution of player types. To illustrate the importance of these assumptions for differentiating standard statistical models of strategic choice, I draw on a game previously analyzed by Lewis and Schultz (2003). The differences that they highlight between a pair of perfect Bayesian equilibrium and quantal response equilibrium models are not produced by signaling and updating dynamics as claimed, but are instead produced by different assumptions about the distribution of player types. The method of analysis developed and the issues raised are applicable to a broad range of structural models of conflict and bargaining.

Empirical Implications of Signaling Models: Estimation of Belief Updating in International Crisis Bargaining

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehee Whang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Strategic Choice ◽  
Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Crisis Bargaining ◽  
Bayesian Equilibrium ◽  
True Type ◽  
Empirical Implications

Signaling models are ubiquitous in political science. An essential characteristic of these models is that actors can update their beliefs about their opponents. An actor observes the behavior of his opponent, and this behavior functions as a signal that allows the actor to learn more about his opponent's true “type.” As a result, the actor is able to adapt his own behavior. Current statistical models of strategic choice based on perfect Bayesian equilibrium, however, allow for very little, if any, belief updating. I explain why current models allow for little updating and offer in their stead a new, fully strategic choice estimator that calculates the correct amount of belief updating.

ASYMMETRIES IN UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR The Role of Method and Statistics

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Paolillo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Nonnative Speakers ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Differential Learning ◽  
Grammaticality Judgments

Felix (1988) claimed to demonstrate that UG-based knowledge of grammaticality causes nonnative speakers (NNSs) to have more accurate grammaticality judgments on sentences that are ungrammatical according to UG than on those that are grammatical. Birdsong (1994) criticized the methodology employed, noting that it ignores “response bias” (a propensity to judge sentences as ungrammatical) as a potential explanation. Felix and Zobl (1994) dismissed this criticism as merely methodological. In this paper, Birdsong's criticism is upheld by considering a statistical model of the data. At the same time, a more complete logistic regression model allows a fuller statistical analysis, revealing tentative support for the asymmetry claim, as well as differential learning states for different constructions and a tendency toward transfer avoidance. These theoretically significant effects were unnoticed in the earlier discussion of this research. For SLA research on grammaticality judgments to proceed fruitfully, appropriate statistical models need to be considered in designing the research.

scholarly journals Antecedents and Mediating Role of Green Buying Behavior

Market Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalique ◽  
Samra Iftikhar ◽  
Mohd Rafi bin Yaacob ◽  
Ahsan Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Favorable Attitude ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Sustainability of the environment is one of the major issues both in developed and developing countries. There is an abundance of studies on green buying behavior. However, a few have studied the mediating role of green buying behavior. Thus, we have developed a new model that has five direct and three mediating relationships. This empirical research has used a snowball sampling technique for collecting the data. We distributed 400 questionnaires and received 377 valid responses. The study has used Smart PLS software for data analysis, including reliability, validity, and generating measurement and structural models. We found that green brands, green identification, and social influence are significant predictors of green buying behavior. Further, we find that the green brand image and green buying behavior promote green satisfaction. The results also suggest that green buying behavior mediates (1) green image and green satisfaction, (2) social influence and green buying behavior, (3) self-identification, and green satisfaction. We also found that consumers have a favorable attitude towards green buying behavior. However, there is a huge gap in consumers’ attitudes and actual buying behavior. Thus, marketers and practitioners need to develop strategies that would translate a favorable attitude toward actual buying behavior.

Repeat Litigators and Agenda Setting on the Supreme Court of Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Flemming ◽  
Glen S. Krutz
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
High Courts ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Selection Of

The expanding public policy role of high courts heightens concerns over whether societal and political inequalities affect the outcomes of litigation. However, comparative research on this question is limited. This article assesses whether status inequalities between parties and differences in the experience and resources of attorneys influence the selection of cases for judicial review in the Supreme Court of Canada. A series of statistical models reveal that governments are more likely than other parties to influence whether leave is granted but that the experience and resources of lawyers, unlike in the United States, have little impact. The decentralized, low volume and high access features of the Canadian process may explain this finding.

scholarly journals The role of marketing in today's enterprises

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Wirtz ◽  
Sven Tuzovic ◽  
Volker G. Kuppelwieser
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Marketing Department ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of marketing in today's enterprises and examines the antecedents of the marketing department's influence and its relationship with market orientation and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from the West (i.e. the USA and Europe) and the East (i.e. Asia). Partial least squares (PLS) was used to estimate structural models. Findings – The findings support the idea that a strong and influential marketing department contributes positively to firm performance. This finding holds for Western and Asian, and for small/medium and large firms alike. Second, the marketing department's influence in a firm depends more on its responsibilities and resources, and less on internal contingency factors (i.e. a firm's competitive strategy or institutional attributes). Third, a marketing department's influence in the West affects firm performance both directly and indirectly (via market orientation). In contrast, this relationship is fully mediated among Eastern firms. Fourth, low-cost strategies enhance the influence of a firm's marketing department in the East, but not in the West. Research limitations/implications – The paper assumes explicitly that a marketing department's influence is an antecedent of its market orientation. While the paper finds support for this link, the paper did not test for dual causality between the constructs. Originality/value – Countering the frequent claim in anecdotal and journalistic work that the role of the marketing department diminishes, the findings show that across different geographic regions and firm sizes, strong marketing departments improve firm performance (especially in the marketing-savvy West), and that they should continue to play an important role in firms.

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