scholarly journals Hospital Associated Respiratory Virus Infection in Children and Adults: It Does Not Just Occur During Cold and Flu Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G Petrie ◽  
Adam S Lauring ◽  
Emily T Martin ◽  
Keith S Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Virus Testing

Abstract Hospital-associated respiratory virus infections (HARVI) are an underappreciated source of morbidity and mortality. We examined HARVI incidence and clinical respiratory virus testing practices in a cohort of hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness. HARVI were identified in patients of all ages, both during and outside of the influenza season.

Breast-feeding and Respiratory Virus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Frank ◽  
Larry H. Taber ◽  
W. P. Glezen ◽  
Gary L. Kasel ◽  
Christine R. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Breast Fed

Thirty-nine breast-fed and 42 bottle-fed infants were followed up from birth over a four-year period. Virus infection was documented by culture and serologic testing, and history and physical examination were recorded for all episodes of respiratory illness. There were no statistically significant differences in rates or distributions of infection with individual viruses or with all viruses over the first three or six months or during the second six months of life in the two groups, nor were there statistically significant differences in rates or distributions of disease of the upper and lower respiratory tract or total respiratory disease, except for decreased disease of the lower respiratory tract in bottle-fed infants in the second six months. There were trends to decreased morbidity in breast-fed infants in the first three and six months and more episodes of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in bottle-fed infants in the first six months (P < .05) but similar use of medical care by both groups. High cord blood titers to two viruses were not associated with evidence of breast-feeding protection from infection with those two agents. Breast-fed babies do not have fewer respiratory virus infections or illnesses but may experience less severe illness.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Density during Asymptomatic Respiratory Virus Infection and Risk for Subsequent Acute Respiratory Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2040-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M. Howard ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Marie R. Griffin ◽  
Kathryn M. Edwards ◽  
John V. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection

scholarly journals The importance of gastrointestinal presentation for understanding respiratory virus infection in patients with acute respiratory illness: a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Wen-Kuan Liu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
De-Hui Chen ◽  
Wei-Ping Tan ◽  
Shu-Yan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Background: Respiratory virus infections often cause a wide spectrum of symptoms including gastrointestinal presentations (GP). The epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients with GP needs to be better described.Methods: Throat swabs were collected and tested for 15 respiratory viruses from pediatric patients (≤14 years old) with acute respiratory illness in Guangzhou over a 3-year period. The features of respiratory virus infections were analyzed among those with GP.Results: Of 4,242 patients enrolled, 1,223 (28.8%) had GP. Among those, 647 (52.9%) were positive with one or more of the 15 tested respiratory viruses. The most frequently detected viruses were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (21.1%, 258), enterovirus (EV) (10.1%, 124), influenza A virus (infA) (7.8%, 95), adenovirus (ADV) (5%, 61), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) (4.1%, 50), and human bocavirus (HBoV) (3.5%, 43). More RSV (p = .001) and EV (P<0.001) infections were found in patients with GP than in patients without GP. 734 (60.0%) patients with GP presented with “Poor appetite”, 480 (39.2%) with “Vomiting”, 301 (24.6%) with “Diarrhea” and 73 (6.0%) with “Stomachache”. Significant differences in the virus positivity rate were found for RSV (p < .001), EV (p = .002) and PIV3 (p = .037). 90.6% (1,108/1,223) of patients with GP were under 5 years old. Among different age groups, significant differences in the virus positivity rate were found for infA (p = .005), influenza B virus (infB) (p = .006), RSV (p < .001), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) (p = .019), ADV (P<0.001), and HBoV (p = .009). RSV was mostly detected in patients under 2 years old (90.3%, 233/258) with frequency declining with age, while frequency of infA and infB increased with age. ADV, HBoV, and PIV3 reached their highest peaks in the age groups of 6-10 years old (11%), 7-12 months (8%) and 4–6 months (5.8%), respectively. In general, sample positivity rates in patients with GP increased when seasons changed. RSV, EV, infA, ADV, HMPV, and HBoV formed the bulk of the positive samples.Conclusions: In this study, the epidemiology of respiratory virus infections in patients with GP was analyzed. This information increases our understanding of respiratory virus infections and may help in clinical diagnosis of these viruses.

scholarly journals Authentic Modeling of Human Respiratory Virus Infection in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Lung Organoids

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Porotto ◽  
M. Ferren ◽  
Y.-W. Chen ◽  
Y. Siu ◽  
N. Makhsous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Distal Lung ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

ABSTRACTInfectious viruses so precisely fit their hosts that the study of natural viral infection depends on host-specific mechanisms that affect viral infection. For human parainfluenza virus 3, a prevalent cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants, circulating human viruses are genetically different from viruses grown in standard laboratory conditions; the surface glycoproteins that mediate host cell entry on circulating viruses are suited to the environment of the human lung and differ from those of viruses grown in cultured cells. Polarized human airway epithelium cultures have been used to represent the large, proximal airways of mature adult airways. Here we modeled respiratory virus infections that occur in children or infect the distal lung using lung organoids that represent the entire developing infant lung. These 3D lung organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells contain mesoderm and pulmonary endoderm and develop into branching airway and alveolar structures. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of parainfluenza viruses replicating in the organoids showed maintenance of nucleotide identity, suggesting that no selective pressure is exerted on the virus in this tissue. Infection with parainfluenza virus led to viral shedding without morphological changes, while respiratory syncytial virus infection induced detachment and shedding of infected cells into the lung organoid lumens, reminiscent of parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus in human infant lungs. Measles virus infection, in contrast, induced syncytium formation. These human stem cell-derived lung organoids may serve as an authentic model for respiratory viral pathogenesis in the developing or infant lung, recapitulating respiratory viral infection in the host.IMPORTANCERespiratory viruses are among the first pathogens encountered by young children, and the significant impact of these viral infections on the developing lung is poorly understood. Circulating viruses are suited to the environment of the human lung and are different from those of viruses grown in cultured cells. We modeled respiratory virus infections that occur in children or infect the distal lung using lung organoids that represent the entire developing infant lung. These 3D lung organoids, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, develop into branching airway and alveolar structures and provide a tissue environment that maintains the authentic viral genome. The lung organoids can be genetically engineered prior to differentiation, thereby generating tissues bearing or lacking specific features that may be relevant to viral infection, a feature that may have utility for the study of host-pathogen interaction for a range of lung pathogens.

scholarly journals The route of priming influences the ability of respiratory virus–specific memory CD8+ T cells to be activated by residual antigen

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiki Takamura ◽  
Alan D. Roberts ◽  
Dawn M. Jelley-Gibbs ◽  
Susan T. Wittmer ◽  
Jacob E. Kohlmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Lung Airways

After respiratory virus infections, memory CD8+ T cells are maintained in the lung airways by a process of continual recruitment. Previous studies have suggested that this process is controlled, at least in the initial weeks after virus clearance, by residual antigen in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). We used mouse models of influenza and parainfluenza virus infection to show that intranasally (i.n.) primed memory CD8+ T cells possess a unique ability to be reactivated by residual antigen in the MLN compared with intraperitoneally (i.p.) primed CD8+ T cells, resulting in the preferential recruitment of i.n.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to the lung airways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inability of i.p.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to access residual antigen can be corrected by a subsequent i.n. virus infection. Thus, two independent factors, initial CD8+ T cell priming in the MLN and prolonged presentation of residual antigen in the MLN, are required to maintain large numbers of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the lung airways.

scholarly journals Influenza and other respiratory virus infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory infection during the 2011‐12 influenza season

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Zimmerman ◽  
Charles R. Rinaldo ◽  
Mary Patricia Nowalk ◽  
Balasubramani GK ◽  
Mark G. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections
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