scholarly journals Pervasive Phenotypic Impact of a Large Nonrecombining Introgressed Region in Yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2520-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brion ◽  
Claudia Caradec ◽  
David Pflieger ◽  
Anne Friedrich ◽  
Joseph Schacherer
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Phenotypic Effect ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Introgressed Region

Abstract To explore the origin of the diversity observed in natural populations, many studies have investigated the relationship between genotype and phenotype. In yeast species, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these studies are mainly conducted using recombinant offspring derived from two genetically diverse isolates, allowing to define the phenotypic effect of genetic variants. However, large genomic variants such as interspecies introgressions are usually overlooked even if they are known to modify the genotype–phenotype relationship. To have a better insight into the overall phenotypic impact of introgressions, we took advantage of the presence of a 1-Mb introgressed region, which lacks recombination and contains the mating-type determinant in the Lachancea kluyveri budding yeast. By performing linkage mapping analyses in this species, we identified a total of 89 loci affecting growth fitness in a large number of conditions and 2,187 loci affecting gene expression mostly grouped into two major hotspots, one being the introgressed region carrying the mating-type locus. Because of the absence of recombination, our results highlight the presence of a sexual dimorphism in a budding yeast for the first time. Overall, by describing the phenotype–genotype relationship in the Lachancea kluyveri species, we expanded our knowledge on how genetic characteristics of large introgression events can affect the phenotypic landscape.

scholarly journals Pervasive phenotypic impact of a large non-recombining introgressed region in yeast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brion ◽  
Claudia Caradec ◽  
David Pflieger ◽  
Anne Friedrich ◽  
Joseph Schacherer
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Phenotypic Effect ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Introgressed Region

AbstractTo explore the origin of the diversity observed in natural populations, many studies have investigated the relationship between genotype and phenotype. In yeast species, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these studies are mainly conducted using recombinant offspring derived from two genetically diverse isolates, allowing to define the phenotypic effect of genetic variants. However, large genomic variants such as interspecies introgressions are usually overlooked even if they are known to modify the genotype-phenotype relationship. To have a better insight into the overall phenotypic impact of introgressions, we took advantage of the presence of a 1-Mb introgressed region, which lacks recombination and contains the mating-type determinant in the Lachancea kluyveri budding yeast. By performing linkage mapping analyses in this species, we identified a total of 89 loci affecting growth fitness in a large number of conditions and 2,187 loci affecting gene expression mostly grouped into two major hotspots, one being the introgressed region carrying the mating-type locus. Because of the absence of recombination, our results highlight the presence of a sexual dimorphism in a budding yeast for the first time. Overall, by describing the phenotype-genotype relationship in the L. kluyveri species, we expanded our knowledge on how genetic characteristics of large introgression events can affect the phenotypic landscape.

Jan II van Coninxloo en zijn werkzaamheden voor het benedictinessenklooster van Groot-Bijgaarden bij Brussel

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 104-126
Author(s):  
Frank Van Der Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Significant Part ◽  
The Veil ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the Brussels painter Jan 11 van Coninxloo (ca. 1489-1561 or later) and the Benedictine convent of Groot-Bijgaarden. In earlier publications by J. Maquet-Tombu the link between certain members of the Van Coninxloo family and the Vorst convent have already been pointed out. A new chapter can now be added. In the archive of Groot-Bijgaarden convent are two books in which payments made by the prioresses Françoise and Catherine van Straten for the dccoration of the convent and the church are recorded. The books list a separate item for painting and polychrome work. Here, for the first time, the name Jan van Coninxloo crops up in connection with a sum paid for painting the side panels of the main altar. Van Coninxloo was also paid for painting organ doors, a vaulted ceiling and for 'rough painting'. Four triptychs by Van Coninxloo have also been preserved; they were commissions from women of noble birth who had taken the veil. The names of three of these nuns are known: Anthonine de Locquenghien, Berbel van dcr Noot and Marie Brant. The fourth was called Barbara (Berbel). In view of all this material it may be concluded that Van Coninxloo played a significant part in the decorative appearance of the convent church. He was responsible for triptychs on altars dedicated to St. Anne, St. John and St. Benedict. He also painted the smaller triptych with the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin, the panels of the high altar, doors for an organ and (part of) the ceiling decorations. The article offers a new insight into the context of a group of paintings and adds a number of works to Jan 11 van Coninxloo's oeuvre.

Buddha Images as Objects of Donation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela S. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Chiang Mai ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

In 1976, Hans Penth, pioneering scholar of Lanna, published a catalogue of over three hundred Buddha statues bearing inscriptions and dating from the fifteenth through twentieth centuries found in central Chiang Mai monasteries. This invaluable record is here analyzed in depth as a whole for the first time. It provides further insight into the relationship between Buddha images and donors. Statues were often sponsored through collaboration, reflecting the image’s role in materializing sociokarmic groupings seen as extending through the future. Donor resolutions reflect the significance of producing Buddha statues for Buddhism’s future prosperity as well as for donors’ individual spiritual and material aspirations. Images are often described by material and size, reflecting the relation between financial donation and merit generated. Also, refurbishments to statues indicate how they were never seen as finished, nor their appearance seen as sacrosanct; a statue is a palimpsest of its interactions with devotees through time.

scholarly journals The Plot Thickens: Haploid and Triploid-Like Thalli, Hybridization, and Biased Mating Type Ratios in Letharia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lorena Ament-Velásquez ◽  
Veera Tuovinen ◽  
Linnea Bergström ◽  
Toby Spribille ◽  
Dan Vanderpool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mat Locus

The study of the reproductive biology of lichen fungal symbionts has been traditionally challenging due to their complex lifestyles. Against the common belief of haploidy, a recent genomic study found a triploid-like signal in Letharia. Here, we infer the genome organization and reproduction in Letharia by analyzing genomic data from a pure culture and from thalli, and performing a PCR survey of the MAT locus in natural populations. We found that the read count variation in the four Letharia specimens, including the pure culture derived from a single sexual spore of L. lupina, is consistent with haploidy. By contrast, the L. lupina read counts from a thallus' metagenome are triploid-like. Characterization of the mating-type locus revealed a conserved heterothallic configuration across the genus, along with auxiliary genes that we identified. We found that the mating-type distributions are balanced in North America for L. vulpina and L. lupina, suggesting widespread sexual reproduction, but highly skewed in Europe for L. vulpina, consistent with predominant asexuality. Taken together, we propose that Letharia fungi are heterothallic and typically haploid, and provide evidence that triploid-like individuals are hybrids between L. lupina and an unknown Letharia lineage, reconciling classic systematic and genetic studies with recent genomic observations.

Travelling Through the Rock to the Otherworld: The Shamanic ‘Grammar of Mind’ Within the Rock Art of Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-432
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rozwadowski
Keyword(s):  
Rock Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Nature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cave Art

One of the aspects of the relationship between rock art and shamanism, which has been supposed to be of a universal nature, inspired by trance experience, concerns the intentional integration of the images with rock. Rock surface therefore has been interpreted, in numerous shamanic rock-art contexts, as a veil beyond which the otherworld could be encountered. Such an idea was originally proposed in southern Africa, then within Upper Palaeolithic cave art and also other rock-art traditions in diverse parts of the world. This paper for the first time discusses the relevance of this observation from the perspective of unquestionable shamanic culture in Siberia. It shows that the idea of the otherworld to be found on the other side of the rock actually is a widespread motif of shamanic beliefs in Siberia, and that variants of this belief provide a new mode of insight into understanding the semantics of Siberian rock art. Siberian data therefore support previous hypotheses of the shamanic nature of associating rock images with rock surface.

scholarly journals Correlation of Genetic and Physical Maps at the A Mating-Type Locus of Coprinus cinereus

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Lukens ◽  
Huang Yicun ◽  
Georgiana May
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Noncoding Dna ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
Physical Maps ◽  
Genetic And Physical Maps

The A mating type locus of Coprinus cinereus is remarkable for its extreme diversity, with over 100 different alleles in natural populations. Classical genetic studies have demonstrated that this hypervariability arises in part from recombination between two subloci of A, alpha and beta, although more recent population genetic data have indicated a third segregating sublocus. In this study, we characterized the molecular basis by which recombination generates nonparental A mating types. We mapped the frequency and location of all recombination events in two crosses and correlated the genetic and physical maps of A. We found that all recombination events were located in 6 kb of noncoding DNA between the alpha and beta subloci and that the rate of recombination in this noncoding region matched that generally observed for this genome. No recombination within gene clusters or within coding regions was observed, and the two alpha and beta subloci described in genetic analyses correlated with the previously characterized alpha and beta gene clusters. We propose that pairs of genes constitute both the sex determining and the hereditary unit of A.

scholarly journals Smc6 And Top1 Prevent Aberrant Recombination At The Silent Mating-Type Locus HMR In Budding Yeast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Tran ◽  
Camilla Sjogren ◽  
Andreas Kegel
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Topoisomerase 1 ◽  
Replicative Stress ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Episomal Dna

The structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6 (Smc5/6) complex controls recombination in response to replicative stress, within the ribosomal DNA, and at telomeres. It has also been suggested to act in parallel with topoisomerase 1 (Top1) in the resolution of replication-induced superhelical stress under unperturbed conditions. In addition to this, human Smc5/6 was recently shown to suppress the expression of genes present on episomal DNA. The here presented study aimed to investigate the function of Smc5/6 at the transcriptionally silenced, heterochromatin-like loci HML and HMR in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using a silencing reporter assay and the temperature-sensitive smc6-56 mutant we found no evidence that Smc5/6 directly influences the maintenance or spreading of silenced domains. However, the results show that Smc6 associates with silent chromatin at HMR in a Sir2-dependent manner, and that Smc6 malfunction triggers aberrant recombination that leads to genomic rearrangement of HMR. This is also observed in top1Δ cells, and the results suggest that Smc5/6 and Top1 work in the same pathway. Taken together with results indicating that abnormal recombination in smc6-56 cells is suppressed by sir2Δ, this investigation indicates that Smc5/6 and Top1 act together to prevent aberrant recombination at the silenced mating-type loci HML and HMR. In the context of the already established functions of Smc5/6 and Top1, it suggests that unresolved replication-induced superhelical stress triggers recombination at silenced chromatin domains.

scholarly journals Single Extracellular Vesicles (EV) Proteomic Profiling Altered and Identifies Co-Localization of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein with CD81/Integrin-Rich EV Subpopulation in Sputum Samples of COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiting Sun ◽  
Yanling Cai ◽  
Yumin Zhou ◽  
Ge Bai ◽  
Airu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Differential Contribution ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial to respond to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Sputum samples from 20 COVID-19 patients and healthy controls were collected, respectively. During the isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, EV-like vesicles were associated with virions under a transmission electron microscope. Next, the expression of IL6 and TGF-β increased in EVs derived from the sputum of patients, and these were highly correlated with the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Further, proximity barcoding assay (PBA) was used to investigate the immune-related proteins in the EVs, and the relationship between EVs and SARS-CoV-2 N protein in COVID-19 patients’ samples. Particularly, to investigate the differential contribution of the specific EV subsets, the protein expression of a single EV was detected and analyzed for the first time. Among the 40 EV subpopulations, 18 were found to have significant differences. The EV subpopulation regulated by CD81 were most likely to correlate with the changes in the pulmonary microenvironment after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study provides evidence on the association between EVs and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, give a deep insight into the possible pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the possibility of nanoparticles drug intervention in viral infection.

scholarly journals In Candida albicans, White-Opaque Switchers Are Homozygous for Mating Type

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R Lockhart ◽  
Claude Pujol ◽  
Karla J Daniels ◽  
Matthew G Miller ◽  
Alexander D Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Mating Type Locus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

Abstract The relationship between the configuration of the mating type locus (MTL) and white-opaque switching in Candida albicans has been examined. Seven genetically unrelated clinical isolates selected for their capacity to undergo the white-opaque transition all proved to be homozygous at the MTL locus, either MTLa or MTLα. In an analysis of the allelism of 220 clinical isolates representing the five major clades of C. albicans, 3.2% were homozygous and 96.8% were heterozygous at the MTL locus. Of the seven identified MTL homozygotes, five underwent the white-opaque transition. Of 20 randomly selected MTL heterozygotes, 18 did not undergo the white-opaque transition. The two that did were found to become MTL homozygous at very high frequency before undergoing white-opaque switching. Our results demonstrate that only MTL homozygotes undergo the white-opaque transition, that MTL heterozygotes that become homozygous at high frequency exist, and that the generation of MTL homozygotes and the white-opaque transition occur in isolates in different genetic clades of C. albicans. Our results demonstrate that mating-competent strains of C. albicans exist naturally in patient populations and suggest that mating may play a role in the genesis of diversity in this pernicious fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals DNA Replication Forks Pause at Silent Origins near the HML Locus in Budding Yeast

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4938-4948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzhou Wang ◽  
Marija Vujcic ◽  
David Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Replication Fork ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Transcriptional Silencing ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Replication Origins ◽  
Autonomously Replicating Sequence ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Pause Site

ABSTRACT Chromosomal replicators in budding yeast contain an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) that functions in a plasmid, but certain ARSs are silent as replication origins in their natural chromosomal context. In chromosome III, the HML ARS cluster (ARS302-ARS303-ARS320) and ARS301 flank the transcriptionally silent mating-type locus HML, and all of these ARSs are silent as replication origins. ARS301 andARS302 function in transcriptional silencing mediated by the origin recognition complex (ORC) and a heterochromatin structure, while the functions of ARS303 and ARS320 are not known. In this work, we discovered replication fork pause sites at the HML ARS cluster and ARS301 by analyzing DNA replication intermediates from the chromosome via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The replication fork pause at the HML ARS cluster was independent of cis- andtrans-acting mutations that abrogate transcriptional silencing at HML. Deletion of the HML ARS cluster led to loss of the pause site. Insertion of a single, heterologous ARS (ARS305) in place of the HMLARS cluster reconstituted the pause site, as did multiple copies of DNA elements (A and B1) that bind ORC. The orc2-1 mutation, known to alter replication timing at origins, did not detectably affect the pause but activated the silent origin at the HML ARS cluster in a minority of cells. Delaying the time of fork arrival atHML led to the elimination of the pause sites at theHML ARS cluster and at the copy of ARS305inserted in place of the cluster. Loss of the pause sites was accompanied by activation of the silent origins in the majority of cells. Thus, replication fork movement near HML pauses at a silent origin which is competent for replication initiation but kept silent through Orc2p, a component of the replication initiator. Possible functions for replication fork pause sites in checkpoints, S-phase regulation, mating-type switching, and transcriptionally silent heterochromatin are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document